井下油水分离技术在底水油藏中的应用研究
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摘要
底水油藏中应用井下油水分离技术可将油井的部分产出水直接在同井中回注,从而大幅度减少水的举升、处理费用,延长高含水油井的经济寿命,也减少产出水带来的环境压力,具有良好的经济效益和环保效果。采用理论、物模和数模三种方法来研究底水油藏产出液经井下油水分离器分离后,部分产出水回注到底水层的可行性及有效性。在广泛的文献调研基础上,研究底水油藏开发特征、底水锥进机理、常用计算方法、底水锥进的影响因素以及常用控制底水锥进的方法;并从计算近井地带压力分布入手,结合室内实验物理模拟与数值模拟研究分析注入井对生产井近井地带压力分布的影响,验证经井下油水分离器分离后的部分产出水水同井回注到底水层的可行性与有效性。三种研究方法的结果表明:底水均质油藏的开采可以采用井下油水分离同井注采技术,此时注入水对生产层的干扰是不大的,并未导致恶性水淹;井下油水分离同井注采技术配合打隔板,开发初期下入隔板可以减少中低含水期地层产水,提高油井无水采油量,后期下入分离器,减少地面产水,延长油井开采期,是一种提高底水油藏采收率以及减少产出水的有效措施,在底水油藏中将会有广泛的应用前景。
Downhole oil/water separation (DOWS) technique in the bottom water drive reservoirs, which offers both economical and environmental benefits, can greatly reduce the costs of lifting and treating of the produced water, and extend the economic service lives of oil well with high water cut, by directly reinjecting the partly of produced water into the bottom water formations of the identical oil well. This paper adopt theoretical investigation, physical modeling and numerical simulation three approaches to study on the feasibility and availability of partly produced water reinject into the bottom water formations of the reservoir after the DOWS separated. On the base of wide-ranging document retrieval, this paper study on the exploitation characteristic of bottom water drive reservoir, the bottom water coning mechanism, the common computing methods, the major affecting factors and the common approaches about controlling bottom water coning. Then calculate the distribution of pressure near well bore, and combine with laboratory experiment physical modeling and numerical simulation, analysis the pressure distribution near well bore which impacted by reinjected water, to verify the feasibility and availability of partly produced water reinject into the bottom water formations of the reservoir after the DOWS separated. The three methods findings are as follows: the DOWS technique is applicable in bottom water drive homogeneous reservoirs, and the injection interfere with the production zone faintly and no malignant water flooding occur. Since the baffle can reduce the layer water rate when in low-water cut stage and develop the water free oil production, the technique of reinjection and lifting in the same well can reduce the surface water rate and extend the oil production period in the later stage which produce high water cut, in case of combine with inject chemical form artifical baffle, the technique of reinjection and lifting in the same well will be much effective to enhance the recovery ratio in the bottom water drive reservoirs.
Downhole oil/water separation (DOWS) technique in the bottom water drive reservoirs, which offers both economical and environmental benefits, can greatly reduce the costs of lifting and treating of the produced water, and extend the economic service lives of oil well with high water cut, by directly reinjecting the partly of produced water into the bottom water formations of the identical oil well. This paper adopt theoretical investigation, physical modeling and numerical simulation three approaches to study on the feasibility and availability of partly produced water reinject into the bottom water formations of the reservoir after the DOWS separated. On the base of wide-ranging document retrieval, this paper study on the exploitation characteristic of bottom water drive reservoir, the bottom water coning mechanism, the common computing methods, the major affecting factors and the common approaches about controlling bottom water coning. Then calculate the distribution of pressure near well bore, and combine with laboratory experiment physical modeling and numerical simulation, analysis the pressure distribution near well bore which impacted by reinjected water, to verify the feasibility and availability of partly produced water reinject into the bottom water formations of the reservoir after the DOWS separated. The three methods findings are as follows: the DOWS technique is applicable in bottom water drive homogeneous reservoirs, and the injection interfere with the production zone faintly and no malignant water flooding occur. Since the baffle can reduce the layer water rate when in low-water cut stage and develop the water free oil production, the technique of reinjection and lifting in the same well can reduce the surface water rate and extend the oil production period in the later stage which produce high water cut, in case of combine with inject chemical form artifical baffle, the technique of reinjection and lifting in the same well will be much effective to enhance the recovery ratio in the bottom water drive reservoirs.
引文
[1] 喻高明,凌建军,蒋明煊,等.砂岩底水油藏开采机理及开发策略 [J].石油学报,1997;18(2):60~65
[2] 赵立新,蒋明虎.井下油水分离与产出水回注技术综述[J].国外石油机械,1996;10(3):49~55
[3] T.Kjos, S.Sangesland, J.F.Michelet, et al. Down-Hole Water-Oil Separation and Water Reinjection Trough Well Branches. paper SPE 30518, Oct 1995:689~693
[4] Muskat,M., Wyckoff,R.D. An Approximate Theory of Water-Coning in Oil Production. Tans., AIME(1935):144~161
[5] Meyer,H.I., Garder,A.O. Mechanics of Two Immiscible Fluids in Porous Media. Journal of Applied Physics (November1954)25,No.11: 1400 ~ 1406
[6] Chaney,P.E. How to Prevent Water and Gas Coning. OGJ, May1956:108
[7] Chierici,G.L., Ciucci,GM., Pizzi,G. A Systematic Study of Gas and Water Coning by Potentiometric Models. JPT(Aug.1964): 923~ 929;Trans.,AIME, 231
[8] Sobocinski,D.P., Cornelius,A .J. A Correlation for Predicting Water Coning Time. JPT, May 1965:594~600
[9] MacDonald,R.C., Coats,K.H. Methods of Numerical Simulation of Water and Gas Coning. paper SPE2796
[10] Bournazel,C., Jeanson,B. Fast Water Coning Evaluation Method. paper SPE3628 presented at the 46th Annual SPE Meeting, New Orleans, oct. 1971:3~6
[11] Schots,R.S. An Empirical Formula for the Critical Oil Production Rate. Erdoel-Erdgas(Jan.1972):6~11
[12] Kuo,M.C.T., Desbrisay,C.L. A simplified Method for Water Coning Time. paper SPE12067 presented at the 1983 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, San Francisco,Oct:5~8
[13] Pandey,B.P. Study of Water Coning in a Petroleum Reservoir by Resistance Network Model. Journal of the Institution of Engineers (India), Part CH: Chemical Engineering Division, v 64, n pt 3, Jun.1984:61~67
[14] Wheatley,M.J. An Approximate Theory of Oil/Water Coning. paper SPE14210 1985:22~25
[15] Chaperon,I. Theoretical Study of Coning Toward Horizontal and Vertical Wells in Anisotropic Formations: Sub-critical and Critical Rates. Paper SPE15377,presented at the 61st Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, New Orleans, Louisiana(Oct. 1986:5~8)
[16] Abass,H.H., Bass,D.M. The Critical Production Rate in Water- Coning Systems paper SPE17311,1988
[17] Hoyland,L.A. Critical Rate for Water Coning: Correlation and Analytical Solution. paper SPE15855, Nov.1989:495 [l8] Papatzacos, P. Cone Breakthrough Time for Horizontal Wells. paper SPE19822. presented at the 64th SPE Annual Conference and Exhibition. San Antonio,TX,oct.1989:8~ 11
[19] Guo,B., Lee,R.L. A Simple Approach to Optimization of Completion Interval in Oil/Water Coning Systems. paper SPE23994, 1992
[20] Guo,B., Milinard,J.E., Lee,R. L. A General Solution of Gas/Water Coning Problem for Horizontal Wells. paper SPE25050, 1992
[21] Swisher,M.D. , Wojtanowicz,A.K. New Dual Completion Method Eliminates Bottom Water Coning. paper SPE30697
[22] Ehliq-Economides, C.A.,Chan,K.S. Production Enhancement Strategies for Strong Bottom Water Drive Reservoirs. paper SPE36613
[23] Jiang.Q, Butler.R.M. Experimental and Numerical Modeling of Bottom Water Coning to Horizontal Well. Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology, v 37, n 10, Oct.1998:82~91
[24] 李传亮.修正Dupuit临界产量公式[J].石油勘探与开发,1993;20(1):91~95
[25] 李传亮,宋洪才,秦宏伟.带隔板底水油藏油井临界产量计算公式[J].大庆石油地质与开发,1993;12(4):43~46
[26] 李传亮.带隔板底水油藏油井见水时间预报公式[J].大庆石油地质与开发,1997;16(4):49~50
[27] 李传亮.半渗透隔板底水油藏油井见水时间预报公式[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2001; 20(4):32~34
[28] 李传亮.底水油藏油井最佳打开程度研究[J].新疆石油地质,1994;15(1):57~60
[29] 李传亮.利用矿场资料确定底水油藏油井临界产量的新方法[J].石油钻采工艺,1993;15(5):59~62
[30] 李传亮.水锥形状分析——与朱圣举先生商榷[J].新疆石油地质,2002;23(1):74~75
[31] 喻高明,凌建军,蒋明煊.砂岩底水油藏底水锥进影响因素研究[J].江汉石油学院学报,1996;18(3):59~62
[32] 朱中谦,程林松.砂岩油藏高含水期底水锥进的几个动态问题[J].新疆石油地质.2001;22(3):235~237
[33] 唐人选.底水油藏水锥动态模拟及见水时间预测.[J].新疆石油地质,2003;24(6):572~573
[34] 刘莉,汪翔,郑德温.用动态物理模拟实验研究夹层长度对底水锥进的影响[J].西安石油大学学报,2004;19(1):34~37
[35] 刘蔚宁.渗流力学基础[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1986:29~34
[36] C.R.史密斯,G.W.特蕾西,R.L.法勒.实用油藏工程[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995:334~345
[37] 朱圣举,张明禄,史成恩.底水油藏的油井产量与射孔程度及压差的关系[J].新疆石油地质,2000;21(6):495~496
[38] 韦建伟,罗锋,唐人选.关于开采底水油藏几个重要参数的确定[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2003;22(5):25~27
[39] 谈士海,唐人选.边水与底水突破时间的近似计算及比较[J].海洋石油,2004;24(2):46~49
[40] 朱中谦,宋文杰.提高砂岩底水油藏原油采收率的新方法[J].新疆石油地质,2001;22(2):144~146
[41] 蒋晓蓉,谭光天,张其敏.底水锥进油藏油水同采技术研究[J].特种油气藏,2005;12(6):55~57
[42] 张兴国,田世澄,陈丛林.人工夹层的抑制水锥作用的研究[J].现代地质,2002;16(1):83~86
[43] 张兴国,田世澄,韩春明等.底水油藏开发中夹层的作用研究[J].地球学报,2002;23(5):459~462
[44] 窦洪恩.水平井开采底水油藏的消锥工艺及证明[J].石油钻采工艺,1998;20(3):56~59
[45] 刘良跃,岳江河,熊友明等.水平井底水锥进临界产量计算[J].西南石油学院学报,2001;23(5):36~37
[46] 路士华.多井之间地层压力预测[J].胜利油田职工大学学报,2002;16(2):5~6
[47] E.I.Shirman, A.K.Wojtanowicz. Water Coning Reversal Using Downhole Water Sink Theory and Experimental Study. paper SPE38792
[48] Solomon.O.inikori, Andrew.K.Wojtanowicz, Sarmad. S. Siddiqi. Water Control in Oil Wells With Downhole Oil-Free Water Drainage and Disposal. paper SPE77559
[49] 朱九成,郎兆新,黄延章.指进和剩余油分布的实验研究[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1997;21(3):40~42
[50] 王健,张红欣,吕思洲等.SL- II 型油藏物理模型[J].石油学报,2003;24(6):77~80
[51] 周惠忠,王利群.两维油藏物理模拟装置[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),1994;34(3):74~81
[52] 王瑞峰.苏丹 6 区砂岩底水稠油油藏数值模拟研究:[硕士学位论文],中国石油勘探开发科学研究院,北京:2004
[53] 蒋海岩,张琪,李恒.底水油藏应用井下油水分离技术的数值模拟研究[J].钻采工艺,2006;29(4):38~40
[2] 赵立新,蒋明虎.井下油水分离与产出水回注技术综述[J].国外石油机械,1996;10(3):49~55
[3] T.Kjos, S.Sangesland, J.F.Michelet, et al. Down-Hole Water-Oil Separation and Water Reinjection Trough Well Branches. paper SPE 30518, Oct 1995:689~693
[4] Muskat,M., Wyckoff,R.D. An Approximate Theory of Water-Coning in Oil Production. Tans., AIME(1935):144~161
[5] Meyer,H.I., Garder,A.O. Mechanics of Two Immiscible Fluids in Porous Media. Journal of Applied Physics (November1954)25,No.11: 1400 ~ 1406
[6] Chaney,P.E. How to Prevent Water and Gas Coning. OGJ, May1956:108
[7] Chierici,G.L., Ciucci,GM., Pizzi,G. A Systematic Study of Gas and Water Coning by Potentiometric Models. JPT(Aug.1964): 923~ 929;Trans.,AIME, 231
[8] Sobocinski,D.P., Cornelius,A .J. A Correlation for Predicting Water Coning Time. JPT, May 1965:594~600
[9] MacDonald,R.C., Coats,K.H. Methods of Numerical Simulation of Water and Gas Coning. paper SPE2796
[10] Bournazel,C., Jeanson,B. Fast Water Coning Evaluation Method. paper SPE3628 presented at the 46th Annual SPE Meeting, New Orleans, oct. 1971:3~6
[11] Schots,R.S. An Empirical Formula for the Critical Oil Production Rate. Erdoel-Erdgas(Jan.1972):6~11
[12] Kuo,M.C.T., Desbrisay,C.L. A simplified Method for Water Coning Time. paper SPE12067 presented at the 1983 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, San Francisco,Oct:5~8
[13] Pandey,B.P. Study of Water Coning in a Petroleum Reservoir by Resistance Network Model. Journal of the Institution of Engineers (India), Part CH: Chemical Engineering Division, v 64, n pt 3, Jun.1984:61~67
[14] Wheatley,M.J. An Approximate Theory of Oil/Water Coning. paper SPE14210 1985:22~25
[15] Chaperon,I. Theoretical Study of Coning Toward Horizontal and Vertical Wells in Anisotropic Formations: Sub-critical and Critical Rates. Paper SPE15377,presented at the 61st Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, New Orleans, Louisiana(Oct. 1986:5~8)
[16] Abass,H.H., Bass,D.M. The Critical Production Rate in Water- Coning Systems paper SPE17311,1988
[17] Hoyland,L.A. Critical Rate for Water Coning: Correlation and Analytical Solution. paper SPE15855, Nov.1989:495 [l8] Papatzacos, P. Cone Breakthrough Time for Horizontal Wells. paper SPE19822. presented at the 64th SPE Annual Conference and Exhibition. San Antonio,TX,oct.1989:8~ 11
[19] Guo,B., Lee,R.L. A Simple Approach to Optimization of Completion Interval in Oil/Water Coning Systems. paper SPE23994, 1992
[20] Guo,B., Milinard,J.E., Lee,R. L. A General Solution of Gas/Water Coning Problem for Horizontal Wells. paper SPE25050, 1992
[21] Swisher,M.D. , Wojtanowicz,A.K. New Dual Completion Method Eliminates Bottom Water Coning. paper SPE30697
[22] Ehliq-Economides, C.A.,Chan,K.S. Production Enhancement Strategies for Strong Bottom Water Drive Reservoirs. paper SPE36613
[23] Jiang.Q, Butler.R.M. Experimental and Numerical Modeling of Bottom Water Coning to Horizontal Well. Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology, v 37, n 10, Oct.1998:82~91
[24] 李传亮.修正Dupuit临界产量公式[J].石油勘探与开发,1993;20(1):91~95
[25] 李传亮,宋洪才,秦宏伟.带隔板底水油藏油井临界产量计算公式[J].大庆石油地质与开发,1993;12(4):43~46
[26] 李传亮.带隔板底水油藏油井见水时间预报公式[J].大庆石油地质与开发,1997;16(4):49~50
[27] 李传亮.半渗透隔板底水油藏油井见水时间预报公式[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2001; 20(4):32~34
[28] 李传亮.底水油藏油井最佳打开程度研究[J].新疆石油地质,1994;15(1):57~60
[29] 李传亮.利用矿场资料确定底水油藏油井临界产量的新方法[J].石油钻采工艺,1993;15(5):59~62
[30] 李传亮.水锥形状分析——与朱圣举先生商榷[J].新疆石油地质,2002;23(1):74~75
[31] 喻高明,凌建军,蒋明煊.砂岩底水油藏底水锥进影响因素研究[J].江汉石油学院学报,1996;18(3):59~62
[32] 朱中谦,程林松.砂岩油藏高含水期底水锥进的几个动态问题[J].新疆石油地质.2001;22(3):235~237
[33] 唐人选.底水油藏水锥动态模拟及见水时间预测.[J].新疆石油地质,2003;24(6):572~573
[34] 刘莉,汪翔,郑德温.用动态物理模拟实验研究夹层长度对底水锥进的影响[J].西安石油大学学报,2004;19(1):34~37
[35] 刘蔚宁.渗流力学基础[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1986:29~34
[36] C.R.史密斯,G.W.特蕾西,R.L.法勒.实用油藏工程[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995:334~345
[37] 朱圣举,张明禄,史成恩.底水油藏的油井产量与射孔程度及压差的关系[J].新疆石油地质,2000;21(6):495~496
[38] 韦建伟,罗锋,唐人选.关于开采底水油藏几个重要参数的确定[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2003;22(5):25~27
[39] 谈士海,唐人选.边水与底水突破时间的近似计算及比较[J].海洋石油,2004;24(2):46~49
[40] 朱中谦,宋文杰.提高砂岩底水油藏原油采收率的新方法[J].新疆石油地质,2001;22(2):144~146
[41] 蒋晓蓉,谭光天,张其敏.底水锥进油藏油水同采技术研究[J].特种油气藏,2005;12(6):55~57
[42] 张兴国,田世澄,陈丛林.人工夹层的抑制水锥作用的研究[J].现代地质,2002;16(1):83~86
[43] 张兴国,田世澄,韩春明等.底水油藏开发中夹层的作用研究[J].地球学报,2002;23(5):459~462
[44] 窦洪恩.水平井开采底水油藏的消锥工艺及证明[J].石油钻采工艺,1998;20(3):56~59
[45] 刘良跃,岳江河,熊友明等.水平井底水锥进临界产量计算[J].西南石油学院学报,2001;23(5):36~37
[46] 路士华.多井之间地层压力预测[J].胜利油田职工大学学报,2002;16(2):5~6
[47] E.I.Shirman, A.K.Wojtanowicz. Water Coning Reversal Using Downhole Water Sink Theory and Experimental Study. paper SPE38792
[48] Solomon.O.inikori, Andrew.K.Wojtanowicz, Sarmad. S. Siddiqi. Water Control in Oil Wells With Downhole Oil-Free Water Drainage and Disposal. paper SPE77559
[49] 朱九成,郎兆新,黄延章.指进和剩余油分布的实验研究[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1997;21(3):40~42
[50] 王健,张红欣,吕思洲等.SL- II 型油藏物理模型[J].石油学报,2003;24(6):77~80
[51] 周惠忠,王利群.两维油藏物理模拟装置[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),1994;34(3):74~81
[52] 王瑞峰.苏丹 6 区砂岩底水稠油油藏数值模拟研究:[硕士学位论文],中国石油勘探开发科学研究院,北京:2004
[53] 蒋海岩,张琪,李恒.底水油藏应用井下油水分离技术的数值模拟研究[J].钻采工艺,2006;29(4):38~40