环塔里木盆地棉花品种杏棉复合栽培特性与遗传多样性分析
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摘要
环塔里木盆地是新疆棉花生产的主要产区之一,其独特的地理、气候环境使得杏、棉复合栽培已成为一种重要的农业生产模式,对该地区杏、棉复合栽培条件下棉花品种的特性及遗传多样性进行研究,在南疆杏、棉栽培系统科学评价、棉花品种的装配及南疆棉花生产发展战略决策等方面具有重要的理论和实践意义。本文以南疆广泛应用的杏、棉复合栽培模式(4mX6m)为基础,研究了环塔里木盆地杏、棉复合栽培对棉花品种的生长、生产及纤维品质特性的影响;应用DTOPSIS法对杏、棉复合栽培中不同棉花品种进行了综合评价,并应用关联度分析和通径分析方法,研究杏、棉复合栽培下棉花主要性状与产量的关系;同时应用RAPD分子标记技术,对在南疆环塔里木盆地广泛种植的23个果、棉复合栽培棉花品种进行了遗传多样性分析。获得主要结果如下:
1杏、棉复合栽培下棉花的株高、LAI、单铃重、单株铃数、有效果枝数、衣分、单位面积子棉产量和皮棉产量相比对照均有不同程度的减少,随着距杏树垂直距离的增加,株高、LAI、单位面积子棉产量和皮棉产量的变化均呈现出一定的偏态分布趋势,其中处理1的值最小,处理10的值最大;经新复极差法显著性测定结果显示,各处理与对照间单株铃数、有效果枝数、单位面积子棉产量和皮棉产量差异极显著;表明杏、棉复合栽培对棉花产量影响很大。
2在杏、棉复合栽培中,随着距杏树垂直距离的增加,棉花的上半部平均长度、整齐度、比强度、伸长率、反射率和纺纱均匀指数的变化呈现出先增加后减少的偏态分布趋势,而黄度则呈现出先减少后增加的变化趋势;其中处理10的上半部平均长度、整齐度和反射率最大,处理9的比强度、伸长率和纺纱均匀指数最大,黄度最小,而马克隆值处于A级的有处理8、处理10和处理11。与对照相比,所有处理的整齐度和伸长率均低于对照,处理1到处理6的所有测得纤维品质性状均低于对照(黄度相反);表明杏、棉复合栽培对棉花纤维品质的影响很大。
3 DTOPSIS法对杏、棉复合栽培中不同棉花品种的综合评价表明,在5个参试棉花品种中,最适宜复合栽培的棉花品种是中棉43,而中棉49不适宜杏、棉复合栽培。
4在杏、棉复合栽培中,棉花主要农艺性状及纤维品质性状的变异系数差异均很大,主要农艺性状的稳定性大小的顺序为:生育期>衣分>叶面积指数>单铃重>有效果枝数>单株铃数>株高>单株现蕾数;主要纤维品质性状稳定性大小的顺序为:整齐度>上半部平均长度>反射率>纺纱均匀指数>比强度>伸长率>马克隆值>黄度。关联度和通径分析表明,主要农艺性状与皮棉产量的关联序依次为:单株铃数>单铃重>有效果枝数>单株现蕾数>衣分>株高>叶面积指数>生育期;纤维品质性状与皮棉产量的关联序依次为:比强度>整齐度>纺纱均匀性指数>反射率>黄度>马克隆值>上半部平均长度>伸长率。整齐度是制约上半部平均长度、伸长率、反射率和纺纱均匀性指数的主导因素,伸长率是制约马克隆值的主导因素。通径分析结果显示,在主要农艺性状中,单株铃数对皮棉产量的综合直接作用最大,而在纤维品质性状中纺纱均匀指数对皮棉产量的综合直接作用最大;
5从70个随机引物中筛选出27个引物能在供试的23个材料之间扩增出多态性条带,共扩增出DNA条带202条,其中多态性条带136条,占总条带的67.3%;23个试供材料可聚为2大类5亚类;供试的23个复合栽培棉花品种之间的平均成对相似系数为0.665,成对相似系数小于0.5的品种对仅占总数的6.7%;表明环塔里木盆地果、棉复合栽培棉花品种间的遗传基础狭窄,遗传多样性总体水平较低。
Tarim Basin was one of the main areas of planting cotton in Xinjiang, in which the apricot-cotton intercropping had been an important cultivation mode because of its unique environment of geography and climate. The characteristics and genetic diversity of the cotton varieties planted in this mode in Tarim Basin were studied in this paper, which played an important theoretical and practical significance in evaluating cultivation system, selecting cotton varieties and making strategic decision of cotton production in south Xinjiang. In this paper, the effect of apricot-cotton intercropping on the characteristics of growth, production and fiber quality of cotton variety were studied on the basis of the apricot-cotton intercropping system (4mX6m) widely used in south Xinjiang; DTOPSIS method was used to evaluate cotton varieties in apricot-cotton intercropping system, and the relational grade analysis and restoring menstrual analysis were used to study the relation between main characters and yield; RAPD markers was used to assess the genetic diversity of 23 cotton varieties of the intercropping in the Tarim Basin. The main results were as follows:
1 The height, LAI, boll weight, boll per plant, branch number, lint percentage, seed cotton yield and lint yield were lower than CK in the apricot-cotton intercropping system, in which the trends of changes were partial distribution tendency with the increase of vertical distance from tree, and treatment1 was lowest, treatment10 was largest. The results of new multiple range method showed that the differences of boll number per plant, branch number, seed cotton yield and lint yield between all treatments and CK were extremely significant, which showed the intercropping of apricot and cotton had great effect on cotton yield.
2 With the increase of vertical distance from the apricot, the trends of change of fiber length, uniformity, strength, elongation, reflectivity and CSP were partial distribution tendency in the apricot-cotton intercropping system, and the yellowness was opposite; The fiber length, uniformity and reflectivity were largest in treatment10, strength, elongation and CSP were largest and yellowness was lowest in treatment9, M value was at A-level in treatment8, 10 and 11. Compared with the control, the uniformity and elongation in all treatment was lower than CK, and all fiber quality traits measured in treatment1-6 were lower than CK (yellowness contrary), the results showed intercropping of apricot and cotton had great effect on cotton fiber quality.
3 DTOPSIS method was used to evaluate cotton varieties in apricot-cotton intercropping system which showed among the five cotton varieties tested, Zhongmian43 was the most suitable cultivars and Zhongmian49 was not appropriate to plant in the apricot-cotton intercropping system.
4 In the apricot-cotton intercropping system, the differences of coefficient of variation among cotton agronomic and fiber quality characters were significant, and the order of stability of agronomic and fiber quality characters were: growth period> lint percentage> LAI> boll weight> branch number> boll per plant> height> bud number, and uniformity> fiber length> reflectivity> CSP> strength> elongation> M value> yellowness. The relational grade analysis and restoring menstrual analysis showed the correlation sequence between agronomic characters and lint yield was: boll per plant> boll weight> branch number> bud number> lint percentage> height> LAI> growth period, which between fiber quality characters and lint yield was: strength> uniformity> CSP> reflectivity> yellowness> M value> fiber length> elongation. The uniformity was a leading factor that affected fiber length, elongation, reflectivity and CSP, and elongation was a leading factor that affected M value. Boll per plant and strength played the most comprehensive and direct role in the lint yield.
5 The result showed that a total of 70 arbitrary primers were screened using RAPD markers with the 23 cotton species and finally 27 primers which could produce steady polymorphism were obtained. 136 polymorphic bands were amplified and the polymorphic rate was 67.3%; Cluster analysis revealed that these 23 cotton species could be divided into 2 classes and 5 subclasses; The mean similarity among 23 cotton varieties of the intercropping was 0.665, which less than 0.50 was only 6.7%, which showed there was a low level of genetic diversity among these cotton varieties of the intercropping in the Tarim Basin.
1杏、棉复合栽培下棉花的株高、LAI、单铃重、单株铃数、有效果枝数、衣分、单位面积子棉产量和皮棉产量相比对照均有不同程度的减少,随着距杏树垂直距离的增加,株高、LAI、单位面积子棉产量和皮棉产量的变化均呈现出一定的偏态分布趋势,其中处理1的值最小,处理10的值最大;经新复极差法显著性测定结果显示,各处理与对照间单株铃数、有效果枝数、单位面积子棉产量和皮棉产量差异极显著;表明杏、棉复合栽培对棉花产量影响很大。
2在杏、棉复合栽培中,随着距杏树垂直距离的增加,棉花的上半部平均长度、整齐度、比强度、伸长率、反射率和纺纱均匀指数的变化呈现出先增加后减少的偏态分布趋势,而黄度则呈现出先减少后增加的变化趋势;其中处理10的上半部平均长度、整齐度和反射率最大,处理9的比强度、伸长率和纺纱均匀指数最大,黄度最小,而马克隆值处于A级的有处理8、处理10和处理11。与对照相比,所有处理的整齐度和伸长率均低于对照,处理1到处理6的所有测得纤维品质性状均低于对照(黄度相反);表明杏、棉复合栽培对棉花纤维品质的影响很大。
3 DTOPSIS法对杏、棉复合栽培中不同棉花品种的综合评价表明,在5个参试棉花品种中,最适宜复合栽培的棉花品种是中棉43,而中棉49不适宜杏、棉复合栽培。
4在杏、棉复合栽培中,棉花主要农艺性状及纤维品质性状的变异系数差异均很大,主要农艺性状的稳定性大小的顺序为:生育期>衣分>叶面积指数>单铃重>有效果枝数>单株铃数>株高>单株现蕾数;主要纤维品质性状稳定性大小的顺序为:整齐度>上半部平均长度>反射率>纺纱均匀指数>比强度>伸长率>马克隆值>黄度。关联度和通径分析表明,主要农艺性状与皮棉产量的关联序依次为:单株铃数>单铃重>有效果枝数>单株现蕾数>衣分>株高>叶面积指数>生育期;纤维品质性状与皮棉产量的关联序依次为:比强度>整齐度>纺纱均匀性指数>反射率>黄度>马克隆值>上半部平均长度>伸长率。整齐度是制约上半部平均长度、伸长率、反射率和纺纱均匀性指数的主导因素,伸长率是制约马克隆值的主导因素。通径分析结果显示,在主要农艺性状中,单株铃数对皮棉产量的综合直接作用最大,而在纤维品质性状中纺纱均匀指数对皮棉产量的综合直接作用最大;
5从70个随机引物中筛选出27个引物能在供试的23个材料之间扩增出多态性条带,共扩增出DNA条带202条,其中多态性条带136条,占总条带的67.3%;23个试供材料可聚为2大类5亚类;供试的23个复合栽培棉花品种之间的平均成对相似系数为0.665,成对相似系数小于0.5的品种对仅占总数的6.7%;表明环塔里木盆地果、棉复合栽培棉花品种间的遗传基础狭窄,遗传多样性总体水平较低。
Tarim Basin was one of the main areas of planting cotton in Xinjiang, in which the apricot-cotton intercropping had been an important cultivation mode because of its unique environment of geography and climate. The characteristics and genetic diversity of the cotton varieties planted in this mode in Tarim Basin were studied in this paper, which played an important theoretical and practical significance in evaluating cultivation system, selecting cotton varieties and making strategic decision of cotton production in south Xinjiang. In this paper, the effect of apricot-cotton intercropping on the characteristics of growth, production and fiber quality of cotton variety were studied on the basis of the apricot-cotton intercropping system (4mX6m) widely used in south Xinjiang; DTOPSIS method was used to evaluate cotton varieties in apricot-cotton intercropping system, and the relational grade analysis and restoring menstrual analysis were used to study the relation between main characters and yield; RAPD markers was used to assess the genetic diversity of 23 cotton varieties of the intercropping in the Tarim Basin. The main results were as follows:
1 The height, LAI, boll weight, boll per plant, branch number, lint percentage, seed cotton yield and lint yield were lower than CK in the apricot-cotton intercropping system, in which the trends of changes were partial distribution tendency with the increase of vertical distance from tree, and treatment1 was lowest, treatment10 was largest. The results of new multiple range method showed that the differences of boll number per plant, branch number, seed cotton yield and lint yield between all treatments and CK were extremely significant, which showed the intercropping of apricot and cotton had great effect on cotton yield.
2 With the increase of vertical distance from the apricot, the trends of change of fiber length, uniformity, strength, elongation, reflectivity and CSP were partial distribution tendency in the apricot-cotton intercropping system, and the yellowness was opposite; The fiber length, uniformity and reflectivity were largest in treatment10, strength, elongation and CSP were largest and yellowness was lowest in treatment9, M value was at A-level in treatment8, 10 and 11. Compared with the control, the uniformity and elongation in all treatment was lower than CK, and all fiber quality traits measured in treatment1-6 were lower than CK (yellowness contrary), the results showed intercropping of apricot and cotton had great effect on cotton fiber quality.
3 DTOPSIS method was used to evaluate cotton varieties in apricot-cotton intercropping system which showed among the five cotton varieties tested, Zhongmian43 was the most suitable cultivars and Zhongmian49 was not appropriate to plant in the apricot-cotton intercropping system.
4 In the apricot-cotton intercropping system, the differences of coefficient of variation among cotton agronomic and fiber quality characters were significant, and the order of stability of agronomic and fiber quality characters were: growth period> lint percentage> LAI> boll weight> branch number> boll per plant> height> bud number, and uniformity> fiber length> reflectivity> CSP> strength> elongation> M value> yellowness. The relational grade analysis and restoring menstrual analysis showed the correlation sequence between agronomic characters and lint yield was: boll per plant> boll weight> branch number> bud number> lint percentage> height> LAI> growth period, which between fiber quality characters and lint yield was: strength> uniformity> CSP> reflectivity> yellowness> M value> fiber length> elongation. The uniformity was a leading factor that affected fiber length, elongation, reflectivity and CSP, and elongation was a leading factor that affected M value. Boll per plant and strength played the most comprehensive and direct role in the lint yield.
5 The result showed that a total of 70 arbitrary primers were screened using RAPD markers with the 23 cotton species and finally 27 primers which could produce steady polymorphism were obtained. 136 polymorphic bands were amplified and the polymorphic rate was 67.3%; Cluster analysis revealed that these 23 cotton species could be divided into 2 classes and 5 subclasses; The mean similarity among 23 cotton varieties of the intercropping was 0.665, which less than 0.50 was only 6.7%, which showed there was a low level of genetic diversity among these cotton varieties of the intercropping in the Tarim Basin.
引文
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