沧州市棉花产业发展对策研究
摘要
棉花产业是中国农业中的传统优势产业,中国既是世界上最大的棉花生产国和消费国,也是最大的纺织品和服装出口国,棉花在国民经济发展中具有重要的地位,直接关系到中国农民致富,农业发展,农村振兴,社会稳定的大局。但是,进入市场经济,特别是加入WTO后,面对国内外市场的严重挑战,计划经济条件下形成的棉花产销体制,棉花生产和经营脱节,难以适应市场经济的形势,制约着棉花产业健康、持续发展。尽管目前沧州市棉花区域优势非常明显,但种植优势还没有转化为经济优势,表现为植棉面积忽上忽下,单产水平忽增忽减,农民收入忽高忽低,其中一个重要原因是缺少具有区域特色的、系统配套的、集成高效的棉花产业持续发展对策。进行棉花产业战略研究,其目的就是为建立适应社会主义市场经济体制要求的沧州市棉花产业持续发展模式,提高沧州市棉花产业发展水平,增强其在国内外市场的竞争力,促进棉区农民稳定增收,棉花企业持续增效,农业科技增活力。
作者研究认为:近年来沧州棉花种植面积和总产量已逐步增长,种植面积常年稳定在12万公顷左右,占河北省的21%,总产9.4万吨,占河北省的18%,成为黑龙港流域优质棉花主产区,全市初步形成棉花种植、收购、轧花、脱绒、榨油、纺纱、织布一条龙,产供销一体化的布局,棉花产业已成为沧州市的主要经济支柱产业,农民增收的主要经济来源。同时,通过数据整理,分析了资源、植棉技术、棉纺企业、棉花生产成本和质量五大优势以及制约全市棉花综合效益提高和持续发展的因素。
作者提出了沧州棉花产业发展的如下对策:以市场为导向,以提高经济效益为中心,以基地为依托,建立健全利益联结机制,形成龙头企业带动型、科技带动型、协会带动型和合作组织带动型的跨部门、跨行业、跨所有制之间的多种模式的棉花产业集团,实行大企业集团带动型发展战略,逐步创建完善三个体系(科技创新、示范组织和市场营销体系),建立技术和市场经纬编织而成的网状结构,促使沧州棉花产业走上种、收、产、供、销的一体化经营,一、二、三产业协调发展的良性发展道路,推进沧州棉花产业持续稳定发展。
作者对沧州市发展棉花产业提出了如下政策建议:恢复和加强对棉花生产的扶持,加快完善相关棉花标准,加强宏观调控,加强棉花市场监管力度。
Cotton production is a dominant industry in traditional agriculture in China. China is not only the biggest cotton production and consumption country, but also the biggest textile and clothes exports country. So cotton industry plays an important role in national economy development. It impacts farmers' enrichment, agricultural development, rural area's prosperity and social steady situation. But with the market-oriented economy era coming, especially from China entering into world tourism organization (WTO), cotton production faces more severe challenge from both home and others countries, and the produce and sale system of cotton formed under planned-economy condition can not match market economic development any more. The production doesn't assort with the sale system, which makes cotton industry of China in an inferior position facing international competition. The old system of produce and sale restricts safe and sustainable development of cotton industry. Though CangZhou has obvious advantage of cotton production due to its' geographical location, the geographical superiority has not been translated into economical superiority. Both cotton planting and yield fluctuate largely year after year, and so does the income of fanners. One of main reasons is that we have no an efficiency cotton production strategy that has region characteristic, supported product and sale, integrated and cost-effective sustainable system. The aim of strategic restructuring of the cotton industry is to establish a model of cotton industry sustainable development in CangZhou that suits socialist market economy to enhance the level of cotton production industrialization, strengthen its' competition, stabilize and enhance farmer's income, increase efficiency of cotton product industry and exert the effect of agricultural technology.The survey of cotton industry in CangZhou suggested that both cotton planning area and total yield in CangZhou were kept increasing during the last few years. CangZhou was already the main high-quality cotton production region of Heilonggang area. The area of cotton reached 120,000 ha as usual year, which was 21 percent of total area of HeBei province, and cotton yield was 94,000 ton as usual year, 18 percent of total HeBei province. Cotton industry, including cotton planting, sale, ginning, cottonseed delinting, oil production, spinning and weaving, was the primary economic support of CangZhou and the main resource of farmers' income .The result of survey still indicated that there are five kinds of advantage, including natural resource, cotton planting skill, spinning and weaving companies, cost of production and seed cotton quality, in CangZhou cotton industry. Furthermore, we analysed factors that inhibited the step up of overall benefit of cotton industry and sustainable development and advanced several strategies to improve cotton industry of CangZhou. They are follows:To form multi-department, cross-industry and different ownership patterns cotton group enterprises with flagship companies, technology, association pattern and cooperation organization as exemplary role, they base on the market-oriented economy, focus on enhancement of economic
efficiency and local product to establish and perfect the long-term interest management. To establish the strategy with big enterprises group as exemplary role, to found and perfect scientific and technological innovation, exemplary function and marketing step by step and then, to form a integrate technology and market cotton system to make CangZhou cotton industry going on the track of planting, gaining and sale integration, and sound progress of primary, secondary and tertiary industry sustained, stable and coordinated development.Furthermore, the author advanced following politiy advices: to resume and strengthen supportive policy, speed up efforts of perfect standard of cotton product and sale, and pay more attention to reinforcing macro-control and market supervision.
作者研究认为:近年来沧州棉花种植面积和总产量已逐步增长,种植面积常年稳定在12万公顷左右,占河北省的21%,总产9.4万吨,占河北省的18%,成为黑龙港流域优质棉花主产区,全市初步形成棉花种植、收购、轧花、脱绒、榨油、纺纱、织布一条龙,产供销一体化的布局,棉花产业已成为沧州市的主要经济支柱产业,农民增收的主要经济来源。同时,通过数据整理,分析了资源、植棉技术、棉纺企业、棉花生产成本和质量五大优势以及制约全市棉花综合效益提高和持续发展的因素。
作者提出了沧州棉花产业发展的如下对策:以市场为导向,以提高经济效益为中心,以基地为依托,建立健全利益联结机制,形成龙头企业带动型、科技带动型、协会带动型和合作组织带动型的跨部门、跨行业、跨所有制之间的多种模式的棉花产业集团,实行大企业集团带动型发展战略,逐步创建完善三个体系(科技创新、示范组织和市场营销体系),建立技术和市场经纬编织而成的网状结构,促使沧州棉花产业走上种、收、产、供、销的一体化经营,一、二、三产业协调发展的良性发展道路,推进沧州棉花产业持续稳定发展。
作者对沧州市发展棉花产业提出了如下政策建议:恢复和加强对棉花生产的扶持,加快完善相关棉花标准,加强宏观调控,加强棉花市场监管力度。
Cotton production is a dominant industry in traditional agriculture in China. China is not only the biggest cotton production and consumption country, but also the biggest textile and clothes exports country. So cotton industry plays an important role in national economy development. It impacts farmers' enrichment, agricultural development, rural area's prosperity and social steady situation. But with the market-oriented economy era coming, especially from China entering into world tourism organization (WTO), cotton production faces more severe challenge from both home and others countries, and the produce and sale system of cotton formed under planned-economy condition can not match market economic development any more. The production doesn't assort with the sale system, which makes cotton industry of China in an inferior position facing international competition. The old system of produce and sale restricts safe and sustainable development of cotton industry. Though CangZhou has obvious advantage of cotton production due to its' geographical location, the geographical superiority has not been translated into economical superiority. Both cotton planting and yield fluctuate largely year after year, and so does the income of fanners. One of main reasons is that we have no an efficiency cotton production strategy that has region characteristic, supported product and sale, integrated and cost-effective sustainable system. The aim of strategic restructuring of the cotton industry is to establish a model of cotton industry sustainable development in CangZhou that suits socialist market economy to enhance the level of cotton production industrialization, strengthen its' competition, stabilize and enhance farmer's income, increase efficiency of cotton product industry and exert the effect of agricultural technology.The survey of cotton industry in CangZhou suggested that both cotton planning area and total yield in CangZhou were kept increasing during the last few years. CangZhou was already the main high-quality cotton production region of Heilonggang area. The area of cotton reached 120,000 ha as usual year, which was 21 percent of total area of HeBei province, and cotton yield was 94,000 ton as usual year, 18 percent of total HeBei province. Cotton industry, including cotton planting, sale, ginning, cottonseed delinting, oil production, spinning and weaving, was the primary economic support of CangZhou and the main resource of farmers' income .The result of survey still indicated that there are five kinds of advantage, including natural resource, cotton planting skill, spinning and weaving companies, cost of production and seed cotton quality, in CangZhou cotton industry. Furthermore, we analysed factors that inhibited the step up of overall benefit of cotton industry and sustainable development and advanced several strategies to improve cotton industry of CangZhou. They are follows:To form multi-department, cross-industry and different ownership patterns cotton group enterprises with flagship companies, technology, association pattern and cooperation organization as exemplary role, they base on the market-oriented economy, focus on enhancement of economic
efficiency and local product to establish and perfect the long-term interest management. To establish the strategy with big enterprises group as exemplary role, to found and perfect scientific and technological innovation, exemplary function and marketing step by step and then, to form a integrate technology and market cotton system to make CangZhou cotton industry going on the track of planting, gaining and sale integration, and sound progress of primary, secondary and tertiary industry sustained, stable and coordinated development.Furthermore, the author advanced following politiy advices: to resume and strengthen supportive policy, speed up efforts of perfect standard of cotton product and sale, and pay more attention to reinforcing macro-control and market supervision.
引文
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1、陈平,徐州棉花产业积极应对入世,中国棉花,2003,30(1):20-22
2、蔡派,关于稳定中国棉花生产的几点思考,中国棉花,2003,30(10):7-8
3、樊亚利,增强新疆植棉业竞争力实力的应对策略,中国棉花,2004,31(2):5-7
4、冯海发,中国农业产业化经营指导全书,人民日报出版社,1999.9
5、顾强,关于中国棉花产业发展的若干对策,国务院发展研究中心信息网
6、高启杰,现代农业推广,北京:中国科学技术出版社,1997
7、关付新,加入WTO对中国棉花生产的影响及对策,农业技术经济,2002,2
8、国家统计局农村社会调查总队,中国农村年鉴,2002(M),北京,中国统计出版社,2002
9、韩俊,农村市场经济体制建设,江苏人民出版社
10、郝荣耀,李临宏,临汾地区棉花产业化发展战略探讨,经济问题,1997,2:34-35
11、黄训芳,曹炫 谈新疆棉花产业可持续发展问题,新疆农业科学,2003,40(增刊):18-20
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