棉纤维活性染色中无机盐代用品研究
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摘要
活性染料在使用时能与纤维形成牢固的共价键结合,具备优异的染色牢度,且色谱齐全生产成本较低,但其也存在突出问题,染色过程中大量加入的无机盐(元明粉或氯化钠)使水土盐碱化,对环境造成严重污染。因此,近年来,活性染料低盐和无盐染色成为印染工作者研究的热门课题之一。
目前的改进方法主要从染料结构、纤维改性、促染剂和染色工艺四个方面着手,但各有利弊,且促染剂在市场上还未有成熟的工业化产品问世。作为无机盐替代品的促染剂,包括有机羧酸盐,两性表面活性剂,稀土盐等,且文献已报道的多从应用角度研究其促染效果,未从理论角度深入讨论过。本文在参考了上述研究成果的基础上,尝试从微观角度研究有机酸酸盐和两性表面活性剂的促染作用。
羧酸盐中以柠檬酸钠为研究对象,将其分别与氯化钠,氯化钾,氯化镁,氯化铝,氯化镧和氯化铈六种氯化盐进行复配跟元明粉拼用,从对活性染料吸收峰及棉纤维上Zeta电位影响角度加以研究,并通过染色测试K/S值及染色牢度指标评价验证吸光度和电位理论。实验表明,与柠檬酸钠复配成的六种促染剂能使染液吸光度降低,且能降低棉纤维上的Zeta电位；越能降低电位的促染剂,越能获得好的促染效果；同时,活性染料吸光度被降低越多,促染效果越好。六种复合促染剂中柠檬酸钠与氯化钾复配而成的效果较优。
本实验研究的第二个系列促染剂是两性表面活性剂。两性表面活性剂具有自身独特的性质,先测试出六种表面活性剂的等电点,cmc,然后将这六种表面活性剂与元明粉拼用,从吸光度角度,电位角度,染色角度加以研究。实验表明单独使用表面活性剂促染效果较差,将其与元明粉拼用,促染效果较优越；复合促染剂改变了活性染料的吸收峰形状,对棉纤维上Zeta电位和其得色效果的影响同柠檬酸促染体系,染色结果显示,两性表面活性剂有最佳的使用浓度,这可能与其CMC有关。六种复合促染剂中,以元明粉与月桂酰基氨基酸钠(简称为FS701)复配而成的效果见优。
在研究过有机羧酸盐和表面活性剂的促染效果之后,将两者结合起来,通过不同的组合及复配比例最终得到一个较优的促染剂：传统染色工艺条件下,将元明粉、氯化钾与FS701复配使用,当三者用量分别为1 Og/L、17.5g/L和1 g/L时,促染效果相当于传统元明粉(50g/L时)的94.96%,用盐总量却降低43%,促染效率最高,达到低盐染色的目的。
Reactive dyes and fiber can form covalent bond each other when dying,leading fasten color,and the color is complete,the cost is low. But there are also prominent problems when dyeing.Sodium sulfate or sodium chloride can cause such environment pollution as water and soil salinization. Therefore, in recent years, low salt and salt-free reactive dyeing become one of the hot topic of research..
The improvement methods are mainly from the dye structure, fiber modifyintg, promoted reagent and dyeing process, but all of them have its own advantages and disadvantages.Moreover, there is no mature industrialized promote reagent. As the alternatives of inorganic salts,organic acid salt, ampholytic surface active agent and tombarthite are just used without more theory.Under the reference in hand,the paper tred to find the principle of organic acid salt and ampholytic surface active agent used in dyeing cotton.
Citric acid sodium and sodium sulfate woking with sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, aluminium chloride, Lanthanum chloride and chlorinated cerium respectively,all of which can reduce the abs of dye liquor and Zeta potention of cotton against dye.And lower abs more excellent dyeing effection,lower Zeta potention more promoted dyeing.Besides, potassium chloride is outstangding.
Ampholytic surface active agent is as the second reserch target. under different proportion,six kinds of them were used with sodium sulfate together respectively. The research result was that all of them can promote dyeing with certain dosage,which may have the relationship with cmc,a unique properties of Ampholytic surface active agent. Besides these,the six combined promoting agent also effect the abs and Zeta potention as well as the series of citric acid sodium. Laurel acyl amino acid sodium (simpally named FS701) was better.
At last, under the traditional process, joining three substance together,an excellent promoting agent was fond.The content of sodium sulfate, potassium chloride and FS701 is 10g/L, 17.5g/L and 1g/L that their whole weight is reduced by 43% while effect is comparable with sodium sulfate, the traditional accelerating system.
目前的改进方法主要从染料结构、纤维改性、促染剂和染色工艺四个方面着手,但各有利弊,且促染剂在市场上还未有成熟的工业化产品问世。作为无机盐替代品的促染剂,包括有机羧酸盐,两性表面活性剂,稀土盐等,且文献已报道的多从应用角度研究其促染效果,未从理论角度深入讨论过。本文在参考了上述研究成果的基础上,尝试从微观角度研究有机酸酸盐和两性表面活性剂的促染作用。
羧酸盐中以柠檬酸钠为研究对象,将其分别与氯化钠,氯化钾,氯化镁,氯化铝,氯化镧和氯化铈六种氯化盐进行复配跟元明粉拼用,从对活性染料吸收峰及棉纤维上Zeta电位影响角度加以研究,并通过染色测试K/S值及染色牢度指标评价验证吸光度和电位理论。实验表明,与柠檬酸钠复配成的六种促染剂能使染液吸光度降低,且能降低棉纤维上的Zeta电位；越能降低电位的促染剂,越能获得好的促染效果；同时,活性染料吸光度被降低越多,促染效果越好。六种复合促染剂中柠檬酸钠与氯化钾复配而成的效果较优。
本实验研究的第二个系列促染剂是两性表面活性剂。两性表面活性剂具有自身独特的性质,先测试出六种表面活性剂的等电点,cmc,然后将这六种表面活性剂与元明粉拼用,从吸光度角度,电位角度,染色角度加以研究。实验表明单独使用表面活性剂促染效果较差,将其与元明粉拼用,促染效果较优越；复合促染剂改变了活性染料的吸收峰形状,对棉纤维上Zeta电位和其得色效果的影响同柠檬酸促染体系,染色结果显示,两性表面活性剂有最佳的使用浓度,这可能与其CMC有关。六种复合促染剂中,以元明粉与月桂酰基氨基酸钠(简称为FS701)复配而成的效果见优。
在研究过有机羧酸盐和表面活性剂的促染效果之后,将两者结合起来,通过不同的组合及复配比例最终得到一个较优的促染剂：传统染色工艺条件下,将元明粉、氯化钾与FS701复配使用,当三者用量分别为1 Og/L、17.5g/L和1 g/L时,促染效果相当于传统元明粉(50g/L时)的94.96%,用盐总量却降低43%,促染效率最高,达到低盐染色的目的。
Reactive dyes and fiber can form covalent bond each other when dying,leading fasten color,and the color is complete,the cost is low. But there are also prominent problems when dyeing.Sodium sulfate or sodium chloride can cause such environment pollution as water and soil salinization. Therefore, in recent years, low salt and salt-free reactive dyeing become one of the hot topic of research..
The improvement methods are mainly from the dye structure, fiber modifyintg, promoted reagent and dyeing process, but all of them have its own advantages and disadvantages.Moreover, there is no mature industrialized promote reagent. As the alternatives of inorganic salts,organic acid salt, ampholytic surface active agent and tombarthite are just used without more theory.Under the reference in hand,the paper tred to find the principle of organic acid salt and ampholytic surface active agent used in dyeing cotton.
Citric acid sodium and sodium sulfate woking with sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, aluminium chloride, Lanthanum chloride and chlorinated cerium respectively,all of which can reduce the abs of dye liquor and Zeta potention of cotton against dye.And lower abs more excellent dyeing effection,lower Zeta potention more promoted dyeing.Besides, potassium chloride is outstangding.
Ampholytic surface active agent is as the second reserch target. under different proportion,six kinds of them were used with sodium sulfate together respectively. The research result was that all of them can promote dyeing with certain dosage,which may have the relationship with cmc,a unique properties of Ampholytic surface active agent. Besides these,the six combined promoting agent also effect the abs and Zeta potention as well as the series of citric acid sodium. Laurel acyl amino acid sodium (simpally named FS701) was better.
At last, under the traditional process, joining three substance together,an excellent promoting agent was fond.The content of sodium sulfate, potassium chloride and FS701 is 10g/L, 17.5g/L and 1g/L that their whole weight is reduced by 43% while effect is comparable with sodium sulfate, the traditional accelerating system.
引文
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[5]陈峡华,姚胜,贺振宇.HN-型高固色率活性染料的低盐染色法[J].染料工业,2002,39(2)：21-23.
[6]Shu, L.; Waite, T. D.; Bliss, P. J.; Fane, A.; Jegatheesan, V. Desalination 2005,172,235.
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[8]陈荣圻.活性染料的进展(二)[J]印染,1998,24(12)：47-50.
[9]丁秋龙.含氟活性染料综述及其发展趋势[J].化工中间体,2002,14：11-13.
[10]杨薇,杨新玮.国内外活性染料进展[J].染料工业,2001,38(2)：5-7.
[11]宋心远,沈煜如.活性染料及其染色的近年进展(二)[J].印染,2002,3：44-48.
[12]Hinks, D.; Burkinshaw, S. M.; Lewis, D. M.; Renfrew, A. H. M. AATCC Rev 2001,1,43.
[13]张婷婷.活性染料浸染减耗新工艺探索[M],2009.
[14]赵涛.染整工艺学教程第二分册[M].北京：中国纺织出版社,2005,94-99.
[15]Hauser, P. J.; Tabba, A. H. AATCC Rev 2002,2,36.
[16]李许可,刘丽军.活性染料低盐染色工艺方法研究[J].苏盐科技,2009(1)：9-11.
[17]Chaiyapat P,Nantaya Y, Edgor A. Surface Modification to Improve Dyeing of Cot ton Fcbric with Cationic Dye [J]. ColorTech,2002 (118):64.
[18]Burkinshaw, S. M.; Gotspoulos, A. Dyes Pigments 1999,42,179.
[19]沈志平.对纤维阳离子活性染料的探索[J].南通纺织职业技术学学报,2002(6)：6-9.
[20]Ahmed Nahed, S. E. Dyes Pigments 2005,65,221.
[21]宋心远.活性染料低盐和无盐染色[J].印染助剂,2006(12)：1-3.
[22]张淑芬.含氟活性染料的发展前景[J].纺织信息周刊,2005(20)：16.
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