高墩大跨桥梁车桥耦合振动模型试验研究
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摘要
随着我国公路交通事业的快速发展,高墩大跨的连续梁桥和连续刚构桥在我国得到了广泛应用,特别是在西部沟壑地区,这种桥型以良好的跨越能力和较好的经济性,往往成为首选方案。对于这类桥梁的车桥耦合振动问题目前主要采用实桥试验和有限元数值方法进行研究,然而采用模型试验的方法对公路高墩大跨桥梁车桥耦合效应的研究很少。鉴于模型试验具有,经济性好、针对性强、数据准确等特点,有必要对车桥耦合振动模型试验的方法进行研究。
本文依托交通部西部科技项目：“高墩大跨桥梁车桥耦合振动及其影响分析研究”的“车桥耦合振动模型试验研究”子题,以模型试验为出发点对车桥耦合振动问题进行了分析和探索,坚持理论与实际相结合。以陕西某高墩大跨刚构-连续梁组合体系桥为实桥,以相似原理和量纲分析为基础,确定模型设计中必须遵循的相似准则,并且根据模型桥与实桥的静动力相似关系设计了1/20的大比例尺模型桥,同时设计了模型桥的静动力试验方案。
根据模型桥的车桥耦合试验特点,使用有限元数值方法对模型桥进行分析,主要分析：模型车静止于模型桥的不同位置对桥梁频率的影响；定位激扰力作用下车桥耦合振动系统的响应；模型车以不同速度通过模型桥时车桥耦合振动系统的响应。同时在实验室对模型桥进行静力试验,测试各控制截面的挠度和应变。动力测试主要测试模型桥的自振频率、振型、阻尼比等动力特性,并测试模型车静止于模型桥的不同位置对桥梁频率的影响以及定位激扰力作用下车桥耦合振动系统的响应。结合有限元数值分析结果和实测结果,对车桥耦合振动时桥梁频率变化进行了分析。
为了使有限元数学模型与实际模型更好的结合起来,使用ANSYS的优化分析功能,并对基于实测值的车桥耦合有限元模型修正方法进行了研究,同时使用静载试验中测得的挠度和动力试验中的测得的频率作为状态变量,构造目标函数对车桥耦合振动有限元模型进行了修正。
With China's rapid development of road transportation, high-pier and long-span continuous beam bridge and continuous rigid frame bridge have been widely applied in our country. Particularly in the western gully region, this bridge often becomes the preferred solution because of its strong span ability and economy. To the research of vehicle-bridge coupling vibration for this type of bridge, we mainly use real bridge test and the finite element numerical method. However, there is little research to vehicle-bridge coupling effect of high-pier and long-span bridges by the method of model test. In view of model test which enjoys the characteristics of economy, pertinence and accurate results, it is necessary to study the model test of vehicle-bridge coupling vibration.
This paper supplemented by the ministry of communications technology projects:"Study on Couping Vibration of Vehicle-Bridge in the High-pier&Long-span Continuous Rigid Frame Bridge" and, it is based on the model test to analyze and explore the problems of vehicle-bridge coupling vibration, combining theory with practice. It adopts a rigid-continuous combination system bridge as real bridge, based on the similarity principle and dimensional analysis, then determines the similarity criteria which must be followed in model design, and designs a 1/20 large scale model bridge according to the static and dynamic similarity between model and real bridge, and also designs the static-dynamic test scheme of model bridge.
According to the characteristics of vehicle-bridge coupling test, we analyze the model bridge by finite element numerical method. Main analysis including:the influence to the frequency of bridge when model car on different positions, the response of vehicle-bridge coupling vibration system under positioning disturbing force, the response of vehicle-bridge coupling vibration system when a vehicle through the bridge at different speeds. At the same time in the laboratory we make static tests and test the displacement and strain of control sections. Dynamic tests mainly test the characteristics such as natural frequency, vibration mode and damping ratio, and also test the influence to the frequency of bridge when model car on different positions and the response of vehicle-bridge coupling vibration system under positioning disturbing force. Combining the finite element numerical analysis results and actual results analyse the variations of bridge frequency.
In order to better combine the finite element model and actual model, we apply the optimization analysis function of ANSYS, study the finite element model updating method of vehicle-bridge coupling which based on actual data, and make use of the displacement from static test and frequency from dynamic test as state variables, to update the finite element model by constructing objective function.
本文依托交通部西部科技项目：“高墩大跨桥梁车桥耦合振动及其影响分析研究”的“车桥耦合振动模型试验研究”子题,以模型试验为出发点对车桥耦合振动问题进行了分析和探索,坚持理论与实际相结合。以陕西某高墩大跨刚构-连续梁组合体系桥为实桥,以相似原理和量纲分析为基础,确定模型设计中必须遵循的相似准则,并且根据模型桥与实桥的静动力相似关系设计了1/20的大比例尺模型桥,同时设计了模型桥的静动力试验方案。
根据模型桥的车桥耦合试验特点,使用有限元数值方法对模型桥进行分析,主要分析：模型车静止于模型桥的不同位置对桥梁频率的影响；定位激扰力作用下车桥耦合振动系统的响应；模型车以不同速度通过模型桥时车桥耦合振动系统的响应。同时在实验室对模型桥进行静力试验,测试各控制截面的挠度和应变。动力测试主要测试模型桥的自振频率、振型、阻尼比等动力特性,并测试模型车静止于模型桥的不同位置对桥梁频率的影响以及定位激扰力作用下车桥耦合振动系统的响应。结合有限元数值分析结果和实测结果,对车桥耦合振动时桥梁频率变化进行了分析。
为了使有限元数学模型与实际模型更好的结合起来,使用ANSYS的优化分析功能,并对基于实测值的车桥耦合有限元模型修正方法进行了研究,同时使用静载试验中测得的挠度和动力试验中的测得的频率作为状态变量,构造目标函数对车桥耦合振动有限元模型进行了修正。
With China's rapid development of road transportation, high-pier and long-span continuous beam bridge and continuous rigid frame bridge have been widely applied in our country. Particularly in the western gully region, this bridge often becomes the preferred solution because of its strong span ability and economy. To the research of vehicle-bridge coupling vibration for this type of bridge, we mainly use real bridge test and the finite element numerical method. However, there is little research to vehicle-bridge coupling effect of high-pier and long-span bridges by the method of model test. In view of model test which enjoys the characteristics of economy, pertinence and accurate results, it is necessary to study the model test of vehicle-bridge coupling vibration.
This paper supplemented by the ministry of communications technology projects:"Study on Couping Vibration of Vehicle-Bridge in the High-pier&Long-span Continuous Rigid Frame Bridge" and, it is based on the model test to analyze and explore the problems of vehicle-bridge coupling vibration, combining theory with practice. It adopts a rigid-continuous combination system bridge as real bridge, based on the similarity principle and dimensional analysis, then determines the similarity criteria which must be followed in model design, and designs a 1/20 large scale model bridge according to the static and dynamic similarity between model and real bridge, and also designs the static-dynamic test scheme of model bridge.
According to the characteristics of vehicle-bridge coupling test, we analyze the model bridge by finite element numerical method. Main analysis including:the influence to the frequency of bridge when model car on different positions, the response of vehicle-bridge coupling vibration system under positioning disturbing force, the response of vehicle-bridge coupling vibration system when a vehicle through the bridge at different speeds. At the same time in the laboratory we make static tests and test the displacement and strain of control sections. Dynamic tests mainly test the characteristics such as natural frequency, vibration mode and damping ratio, and also test the influence to the frequency of bridge when model car on different positions and the response of vehicle-bridge coupling vibration system under positioning disturbing force. Combining the finite element numerical analysis results and actual results analyse the variations of bridge frequency.
In order to better combine the finite element model and actual model, we apply the optimization analysis function of ANSYS, study the finite element model updating method of vehicle-bridge coupling which based on actual data, and make use of the displacement from static test and frequency from dynamic test as state variables, to update the finite element model by constructing objective function.
引文
[1]陈密.高墩大跨连续刚构关键技术研究[D].成都：西南交通大学,2005
[2]Stokes G G. Discussions of a Differential Equation Related to the Breaking of Railway Bridges[J]. Trans, Cambridge Phil. Soc. V 8. Part5,1896:12-16
[3]Chatterjee P K. Datta T K et al. Vibration of continues bridges under moving vehicles[J]. Journal of Sound Vibration.1994,169(5):619-632
[4]Kolousek V etal. Civil Engineering Structures Subjected to Dynamic Load[M]. SVTL,Bratislava,1967:54-58
[5]Andersen L, Nielsen S R K, Iwankiewicz R. Vehicle moving along an infinite beam with random surface irregularities on a Kelvin foundation[J]. Journal of Applied Mechanics,2002:69-75
[6]Kawatani M, Kobayashi Y, Takamori K. Non-stationary random analysis with coupling vibration of bending and torsion of simple girder-bridge under moving vehicle [J]. Structural Engineering Earthquake Engineering JSCE,1998,15(1):107-114
[7]Marchesiello S, Fasana A, Garibaldi L, et al. Dynamic of multi-span continuous straight bridges subject to multi-degrees of freedom moving vehicle excitation[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration,1999,224(3):541-561
[8]Wang T L, Huang D Z. Cable-stayed bridge vibration due to road surface roughness[J]. Journal of Structural Engineering ASCE 1992,188(5):1354-1373
[9]D. R. Sc helling, N. H. Galdos and M.A Sahin, Evaluation of Impact Factors for Horizontally Curved Steel Box Bridges[J]. Journal of Structural Engineeting, Vol.118, No.11, November,1992, ASCEpp 3203-3221
[10]N.H. Galdos, D. R. Schelling and M.A Sahin. Methodology for Impact Factor of Horizontally Curved Box Bridge[J]. Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol,119, No.6, June,1993, ASCE pp1917-1934
[11]李国豪.拱桥振动问题[J].同济大学学报,1956(3)
[12]王元丰,许士杰.桥梁在车辆作用下空间动力响应的研究[J].中国公路学报,2000,13(4)：38-41
[13]肖新标,沈火明.移动荷载作用下桥梁的系统仿真[J].振动与冲击,2005,24(1)：121-123
[14]沈火明,肖新标.求解车桥耦合振动问题的一种数值方法[J].西南交通大学学报,2003,38(6)：658-662
[15]彭献,殷新锋,方志.变速车辆与桥梁的耦合振动及其TMD控制[J].湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2006,26(5)：19-21,37
[16]赵发章,王解军.阻尼对行车荷载下大跨桥梁振动的影响[J].冰川冻土,2004(4)：461-465
[17]黄立葵,盛灿花.车辆动荷系数与路面平整度的关系[J].公路交通科技,2006,23(3)：27-30
[18]周华飞,蒋建群,毛根海.路面不平整引起的车辆动荷载分析[J].中国市政工程,2002,3(99)：10-13
[19]于清,曹文源.不平整路面上的汽车动荷载[J].重庆交通学院学报,2003,22(4)：31-34
[20]郭成超,陶向华,王复明.车速和路面不平度特性对车路相互作用的影响[J].华北水利水电学院学报,2004,25(3)：42-45
[21]刘华,叶见曙,张涛.连续梁在行驶车辆作用下的动态反应[J].交通运输工程学报,2006,6(2)：26-30
[22]严志刚,盛洪飞,陈彦江.桥面平整度对大跨度钢管混凝土拱桥车辆振动的影响[J].中国公路学报,2004,17(4)：41-44
[23]陈炎,黄小清,马友发.车桥系统的耦合振动[J].应用数学和力学,2003,19(4)：10-13
[24]卢胜文.车一桥耦合非线性振动研究[D].天津大学硕士学位论文,2005
[25]盛国刚,彭献,李传习.车-桥耦合系统的动力特性分析[J].长沙交通学院学报,2003,19(4)：10-13
[26]程保荣,周玉勋.车桥耦合系统动力分析的模态综合技术[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2002,42(8)：1083-1086
[27]王潮海,王宗林.车-桥耦合振动分析的模态综合方法[J].公路交通科技.2006,23(12)：76-80,90
[28]宋一凡,贺拴海.《弯桥结构动力性能评估分析理论与方法研究》的研究报告.长安 大学,2008
[29]周新平.基于有限元的弯桥车桥耦合振动分析方法[D].长安大学硕士论文,2006
[30]陈榕峰.公路桥梁车桥耦合主要影响因素仿真分析方法研究[D].长安大学硕士论文,2007
[31]宋一凡,陈榕峰.基于路面不平整度的车辆振动响应分析方法[J].交通运输工程学报,2007,7(4)：39-43
[32]王亚堃.大跨度自锚式悬索桥车桥耦合振动数值分析[D].长安大学硕士论文,2008
[33]蒋培文.基于ANSYS的高墩大跨连续刚构桥车桥耦合振动有限元数值分析方法[D].长安大学硕士论文,2009
[34]史奇斌.刚构-连续梁组合体系冲击系数计算方法研究[D].长安大学硕士论文,2010
[35]宋一凡.公路桥梁动力学[M].人民交通出版社,2000
[36]博弈创作室.APDL参数化在限元分析技术及其应用实例[M].水利水电出版社,2004
[37]韩万水.风——汽车——桥梁系统空间耦合振动研究[D].同济大学博士论文,2006
[38]姚昌荣,李亚东.基于静动力测试数据的斜拉桥模型修正[J].铁道学报,2008,30(3)：65-70
[39]宋一凡.公路桥梁荷载试验与结构评定[M].人民交通出版社,2002
[40](美)R.克拉夫,J.彭津,王光远译结构动力学[M].高等教育出版社,2006
[41]徐挺.相似理论与模型试验[M].中国农业机械出版社,1982
[42](苏)谢多夫ли.力学中的相似方法与量纲理论[M].科学出版社,1982
[43](日)江守一郎.模型实验的理论和应用[M].科学出版社,1984
[2]Stokes G G. Discussions of a Differential Equation Related to the Breaking of Railway Bridges[J]. Trans, Cambridge Phil. Soc. V 8. Part5,1896:12-16
[3]Chatterjee P K. Datta T K et al. Vibration of continues bridges under moving vehicles[J]. Journal of Sound Vibration.1994,169(5):619-632
[4]Kolousek V etal. Civil Engineering Structures Subjected to Dynamic Load[M]. SVTL,Bratislava,1967:54-58
[5]Andersen L, Nielsen S R K, Iwankiewicz R. Vehicle moving along an infinite beam with random surface irregularities on a Kelvin foundation[J]. Journal of Applied Mechanics,2002:69-75
[6]Kawatani M, Kobayashi Y, Takamori K. Non-stationary random analysis with coupling vibration of bending and torsion of simple girder-bridge under moving vehicle [J]. Structural Engineering Earthquake Engineering JSCE,1998,15(1):107-114
[7]Marchesiello S, Fasana A, Garibaldi L, et al. Dynamic of multi-span continuous straight bridges subject to multi-degrees of freedom moving vehicle excitation[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration,1999,224(3):541-561
[8]Wang T L, Huang D Z. Cable-stayed bridge vibration due to road surface roughness[J]. Journal of Structural Engineering ASCE 1992,188(5):1354-1373
[9]D. R. Sc helling, N. H. Galdos and M.A Sahin, Evaluation of Impact Factors for Horizontally Curved Steel Box Bridges[J]. Journal of Structural Engineeting, Vol.118, No.11, November,1992, ASCEpp 3203-3221
[10]N.H. Galdos, D. R. Schelling and M.A Sahin. Methodology for Impact Factor of Horizontally Curved Box Bridge[J]. Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol,119, No.6, June,1993, ASCE pp1917-1934
[11]李国豪.拱桥振动问题[J].同济大学学报,1956(3)
[12]王元丰,许士杰.桥梁在车辆作用下空间动力响应的研究[J].中国公路学报,2000,13(4)：38-41
[13]肖新标,沈火明.移动荷载作用下桥梁的系统仿真[J].振动与冲击,2005,24(1)：121-123
[14]沈火明,肖新标.求解车桥耦合振动问题的一种数值方法[J].西南交通大学学报,2003,38(6)：658-662
[15]彭献,殷新锋,方志.变速车辆与桥梁的耦合振动及其TMD控制[J].湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2006,26(5)：19-21,37
[16]赵发章,王解军.阻尼对行车荷载下大跨桥梁振动的影响[J].冰川冻土,2004(4)：461-465
[17]黄立葵,盛灿花.车辆动荷系数与路面平整度的关系[J].公路交通科技,2006,23(3)：27-30
[18]周华飞,蒋建群,毛根海.路面不平整引起的车辆动荷载分析[J].中国市政工程,2002,3(99)：10-13
[19]于清,曹文源.不平整路面上的汽车动荷载[J].重庆交通学院学报,2003,22(4)：31-34
[20]郭成超,陶向华,王复明.车速和路面不平度特性对车路相互作用的影响[J].华北水利水电学院学报,2004,25(3)：42-45
[21]刘华,叶见曙,张涛.连续梁在行驶车辆作用下的动态反应[J].交通运输工程学报,2006,6(2)：26-30
[22]严志刚,盛洪飞,陈彦江.桥面平整度对大跨度钢管混凝土拱桥车辆振动的影响[J].中国公路学报,2004,17(4)：41-44
[23]陈炎,黄小清,马友发.车桥系统的耦合振动[J].应用数学和力学,2003,19(4)：10-13
[24]卢胜文.车一桥耦合非线性振动研究[D].天津大学硕士学位论文,2005
[25]盛国刚,彭献,李传习.车-桥耦合系统的动力特性分析[J].长沙交通学院学报,2003,19(4)：10-13
[26]程保荣,周玉勋.车桥耦合系统动力分析的模态综合技术[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2002,42(8)：1083-1086
[27]王潮海,王宗林.车-桥耦合振动分析的模态综合方法[J].公路交通科技.2006,23(12)：76-80,90
[28]宋一凡,贺拴海.《弯桥结构动力性能评估分析理论与方法研究》的研究报告.长安 大学,2008
[29]周新平.基于有限元的弯桥车桥耦合振动分析方法[D].长安大学硕士论文,2006
[30]陈榕峰.公路桥梁车桥耦合主要影响因素仿真分析方法研究[D].长安大学硕士论文,2007
[31]宋一凡,陈榕峰.基于路面不平整度的车辆振动响应分析方法[J].交通运输工程学报,2007,7(4)：39-43
[32]王亚堃.大跨度自锚式悬索桥车桥耦合振动数值分析[D].长安大学硕士论文,2008
[33]蒋培文.基于ANSYS的高墩大跨连续刚构桥车桥耦合振动有限元数值分析方法[D].长安大学硕士论文,2009
[34]史奇斌.刚构-连续梁组合体系冲击系数计算方法研究[D].长安大学硕士论文,2010
[35]宋一凡.公路桥梁动力学[M].人民交通出版社,2000
[36]博弈创作室.APDL参数化在限元分析技术及其应用实例[M].水利水电出版社,2004
[37]韩万水.风——汽车——桥梁系统空间耦合振动研究[D].同济大学博士论文,2006
[38]姚昌荣,李亚东.基于静动力测试数据的斜拉桥模型修正[J].铁道学报,2008,30(3)：65-70
[39]宋一凡.公路桥梁荷载试验与结构评定[M].人民交通出版社,2002
[40](美)R.克拉夫,J.彭津,王光远译结构动力学[M].高等教育出版社,2006
[41]徐挺.相似理论与模型试验[M].中国农业机械出版社,1982
[42](苏)谢多夫ли.力学中的相似方法与量纲理论[M].科学出版社,1982
[43](日)江守一郎.模型实验的理论和应用[M].科学出版社,1984