基于高分辨率航空影像高速公路汽车目标检测算法研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
汽车目标检测是智能交通研究领域中信息采集方面一个非常重要的课题,基于航空影像的汽车目标检测也是图像处理研究的一个热点。因为城市的高速发展,汽车数量的急剧增加,造成交通拥堵异常严重。因此,在交通规划、控制与管理方案的制定过程中,如何保证道路交通网络与城市发展相协调,如何保证交通调查资料的全面性与现势性,优化网络结构,实现城市交通网络的合理布局,使交通网络能充分、高效地发挥作用,显得极为重要。基于高分辨率航空影像进行汽车目标检测研究正好可以充分利用高分辨率航空遥感图像的丰富空间信息,为交通管理部门提供必要的汽车流量信息,从而实现真正的、合理化的“智能”交通。
     本论文在对高分辨率航空影像数据进行数字镶嵌,裁剪得到典型的高速公路影像基础上,采用最大方差法,边缘检测法,模板匹配法,以及灰度数学形态学和二值数学形态学算法结合进行汽车目标检测研究,本论文围绕汽车目标检测所展开的研究工作主要如下:
     (1)研究了基于阈值分割算法的最大方差(Otsu)法,通过自动确定最佳阈值,将高分辨率航空高速公路影像二值化,结合二值数学形态学开运算操作进行汽车目标检测。实验结果表明,该算法对于背景简单的影像有很高的检测率;但对于背景复杂的影像进行汽车目标检测,正确率偏低。
     (2)研究了几种典型的边缘检测二值化算法,结合二值数学形态学算法进行汽车目标检测。实验结果表明,基于Robert算子边缘检测二值化图像边缘连续性不如基于Sobel算子,Prewitt算子的边缘检测二值化图像;基于Sobel算子,Prewitt算子的边缘检测二值化图像效果不如Laplace边缘检测结果二值化图像和Canny边缘检测结果二值化图像;Canny算子是所有边缘检测算子中检测效果最好的。但汽车目标检测研究结果表明,对于简单背景,利用Sobel算子和二值数学形态学方法结合,汽车目标检测率最高;对于复杂背景,利用Canny算子或Sobel算子和二值数学形态学方法结合,汽车目标检测效果最好,但复杂背景汽车目标检测成功率很低。
     (3)研究了基于模板匹配算法高分辨率航空影像高速公路汽车目标检测。实验结果证明,由于航空影像分辨率高,汽车目标细节清晰,因此,模板匹配算法检测汽车目标的关键在于建立各汽车品牌,各汽车车型的模板库。但模板匹配与最大方差法,边缘检测法相比,其计算量巨大;同时,由于汽车品牌众多,各品牌汽车车型也很多,要建立的模板库工作量也很巨大。
     (4)研究了基于灰度数学形态学和二值数学形态学算法结合,高分辨率航空影像高速公路汽车目标检测。针对复杂背景,提出了高帽变换和开运算结合,通过筛除大地物(暗背景)及小地物,可以检测到亮背景上的汽车目标;利用低帽变换和闭运算结合,并筛除小地物,可以检测到暗背景上的汽车目标;将开运算和闭运算检测得到的汽车目标叠加,并进行“双影”消除。该算法汽车目标检测调和平均值(Fm)达94%以上,能取得良好的汽车目标检测效果。
     (5)总的来说,灰度数学形态学和二值数学形态学算法结合用于汽车目标检测,与基于最大方差法、边缘检测算法相比,汽车目标检测准确率更高,具有更强的鲁棒性,但程序运行时间略长。灰度数学形态学和二值数学形态学算法与模板匹配算法相比,具有很强的鲁棒性和高效性。
Car detection is a very important task of intelligent transportation system (ITS). And it also has drawn broad attention of research community in computer vision for many years. With the fast development of city, cars increased sharply, leading to jamming very heavily. Thus, how to ensure road net harmonize with the development of city, how to ensure the comprehensive and timely investigation data about transportation, optimize the road net, achieve the reasonable distribution of road net, make it play a full and efficient role.
     High resolution aerial photo is very affluent in spatial information. Car detection can provide the necessary information for the roads transportation planning organization to realize the reasonable and true intelligent transportation.
     After image mosaicing of high resolution aerial photos and clipping the typical highway, we utilize maximal variance, edge detection, template matching, gray scale mathematical morphology and two-valued mathematical morphology methods to explore car detection. Our mainly job is listed below.
     (1) We make use of maximal variance to get the optimal threshold to binarize highway image. Then, we utilize two-valued mathematical morphology to detect cars. The experiment shows that the method has high precise rate for highway with simple background but the precise rate is very low for highway with complex background.
     (2) We utilize five edge detection arithmetic operators to binarize highway image. Then, we make use of two-valued mathematical morphology on binary images to detect cars. The experiment shows that the edge continuity with Robert operator is worse than Sobel and Prewitt operators. The edge continuity with Canny operator is best than the others.
     But car detection results indicate that edge detection based on Sobel operator has best precise rate than other operators for highway with simple background. Car detection with Sobel and Canny operators has better results for highway with complex background, but the precise rate is very low for highway with complex background.
     (3) We also utilize template matching to detect cars in highway. But the experiment shows that because the aerial photo has very high resolution, the detail is very clear, to detect cars in highway, we have to establish exhaustive templates of different brands and models. At the same time, template matching has exhaustive program calculation, because the correlation coefficient will cost plenty of hours.
     (4) Finally, we make use of gray scale mathematical morphology and two-valued mathematical morphology to detect cars in highway.
     For the light background, after gray scale morphological top-hat filtering and morphological opening on the highway image, computing the global threshold of top-hat image, we utilize the global threshold to convert the opening image to a binary image, by sieving the bigger and smaller ground objects, the cars can be detected from light background.
     For the dark background, after gray scale morphological bot-hat filtering and morphological closing on the highway image, computing the global threshold of bot-hat image, we utilize the global threshold to convert the closing image to a binary image, by sieving the smaller ground objects, the cars can be detected from dark background.
     At last, we overlay the car detection results and eliminate the repeated detection results. The experiment shows that the harmonic mean (Fm) is up to 94%. Thus, the method is very robust.
     Comparing with maximal variance and edge detection methods, gray scale mathematical morphology and two-valued mathematical morphology method can get higher harmonic mean about car detection. Gray scale mathematical morphology and two-valued mathematical morphology method cost a bit more time than the former, but it is more robust. Comparing with template matching, gray scale mathematical morphology and two-valued mathematical morphology method cost less time, and it is also more efficient and robust.
引文
[1]K. E. Haynes, M. Li. Analytical alternatives in intelligent transportation system (ITS) evaluation[J]. Research in Transportation Economics.2004(8):127-149
    [2]J. Sussman. Perspectives on intelligent transportation systems[M].Springer, New York, NY,2005:173-187
    [3]胡振华,刘良军,毕丽红.智能交通导论[M].北京:中国交通出版社,2003:1-2
    [4]张国伍.智能交通系统工程导论[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003:7-9
    [5]王笑京,张纪升.中国智能交通系统(ITS)手册[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2008:1-16
    [6]王笑京,齐彤岩,蔡华.智能交通系统体系框架原理与应用[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2005:1-17
    [7]王笑京.智能运输系统的实质初探[A].99’中国交通工程学会论文集[C],1999:1-3
    [8]徐基仁,潘大任.ITS是现代交通工程的发展方向[A].99’中国交通工程学会论文集[C],1999:12-17
    [9]杨兆升.城市交通流诱导系统[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2004:1-20
    [10]贺国光.ITS系统工程导论[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2004:l-l
    [11]史其信,胡明伟,郑为中.智能交通系统评价技术与方法[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2005:1-16
    [12]杨佩坤.智能交通[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2002:1-10
    [13]黄卫,路小波.智能运输系统(ITS)概论[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2008:1-8
    [14]李作敏.交通工程学(第二版)[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2000:213-218
    [15]赵建有.道路交通运输系统工程[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2004:355-358
    [16]孙燕军.BRT中的智能交通系统[J].城市车辆,2006(6):35-36
    [17]高焕兵,袁丽艳Delphi下智能交通系统车道指示器控件的实现[J].武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版),2007,31(6):1132-1135
    [18]周珺,李荣GPS/GIS在智能交通系统中的应用[J].警察技术,2004(1):37-38+16
    [19]冀明,王雅轩.GPS在智能交通系统中的应用[J].科技信息(科学教研),2007(18):328-328
    [20]顾九春,石建军,元海英.XML在智能交通系统中的应用[J].道路交通与安全,2004(3):17-19
    [21]邓永辉,伍锦铭.创建高速公路智能交通系统的探讨[J].广东公安科技,2006(2):49-51
    [22]欧红.发展我国智能交通系统之我见[J].现代电子技术,2003,150(7):37-41
    [23]司小平,胡刚,郭海涛.广东省与发达国家智能交通系统的比较研究[J].科技管理研究,2007(5):94-96
    [24]段秀丽.国外智能交通系统在各领域的应用[J].智能建筑与城市信息,2003,84(11):16-17
    [25]M. M. B. Vianna, L. S. Portugal, R. Balassiano. Intelligent transportation systems and parking management:implementation potential in a Brazilian city[J]. Cities, 2004,21(2):137-148
    [26]吴勇,周芳.对我国智能交通系统发展的探讨[J].交通标准化,2006(1):48-50
    [27]夏劲,郭红卫.国内外城市智能交通系统的发展概况与趋势及其启示[J].科技进步与对策,2003(1):176-179
    [28]吴勇,周芳.智能交通系统——交通管理现代化的必由之路[J].交通与运输,2003(4):20-21
    [29]杨冰.智能运输系统[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2000:1-17
    [30]陆化普,李瑞敏,朱茵.智能交通系统概论[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2004:1-26
    [31]杨兆升.智能运输系统概论[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2003:1-4
    [32]张慧丽.智能交通系统——城市发展的关键[J].河北科技大学学报(社会科学版),2003(2):51-54
    [33]徐利民.智能交通系统发展及其战略思考[J].技术经济,2003(4):17-18
    [34]杨立波,刘小明.智能交通系统应用现状和效果[J].中国交通信息产业,2006(1):134-137
    [35]杜长海.计算智能及其在城市交通诱导系统中的应用研究[D].重庆大学,博士学位论文,2009
    [36]吴骏.智能交通系统中的信息处理关键技术研究[D].天津大学,博士学位论文,2007
    [37]陆化普.智能运输系统[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2002:72-82
    [38]戚浩平,王炜,田庆久.高空间分辨率卫星遥感数据在城市交通规划中的应用研究[J].公路交通科技,2004,21(6):9-12
    [39]戚浩平,蔡先华,王炜.利用高空间分辨率卫星遥感数据制作影像交通图[J].公路交通科技,2005,22(11):152-155
    [40]张利,戚浩平.建立基于土地利用的交通发生量模型的研究[J].资源调查与环境,2009(4):285-290
    [41]刘循.智能交通中运动汽车检测及识别技术研究[D].四川大学,博士学位论文,2005
    [42]刘怡光.汽车识别若干基础算法与技术研究[D].四川大学,博士学位论文,2004
    [43]C. Schlosser, J. Reitberger, S. Hinz. Automatic car detection in high resolution urban scenes based on an adaptive 3D-model[A]. Proc. of the 2nd GRSS/ISPRS Joint Workshop on Data Fusion and Remote Sensing over Urban Area, Berlin, Germany,2003:167-171
    [44]S. Kluckner, G. Pacher, H. Grabner, et al. A 3D teacher for car detection in aerial images[A]. Proc. of Workshop on 3D Representation for Recognition (3DRR-07). IEEE,2007:1-8
    [45]J. Porway, K. Wang, S. Zhu. A hierarchical and contextual model for aerial image understanding[A]. Proc. of IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. Anchorage, Alaska,2008:1-8
    [46]H. Grabner, T. T.Nguyen, B. Gruber, et al. On-line boosting-based car detection from aerial images[J]. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. 2008,63(3):382-396
    [47]T. T. Nguyen, H.Grabner, H. Bischof, et al. On-line boosting for car detection from aerial images[A]. Proc. of IEEE Conference on Digital Object Identifier/Research, Innovation and Vision for the Future (RIVF),2006:87-95
    [48]杜宏川.我国智能交通系统发展现状与对策分析[J].吉林交通科技,2009(1):60-63
    [49]彭春华,刘建业,刘岳峰,等.汽车检测传感器综述[J].传感器与微系统,2007,26(6):4-7+11
    [50]S. Hinz, U. Stilla. Car detection in aerial thermal images by local and global evidence accumulation[J]. Pattern Recognition Letters.2006,27(4):308-315
    [51]董春利,董育宁.基于视频的汽车检测与跟踪算法综述[J].南京邮电大学学报(自然科学版),2009,29(2):88-94
    [52]苗闯.基于视频图像的汽车检测算法研究[J].企业技术开发,2009,28(10):28-29
    [53]张岩.基于视频的汽车检测方法与检测技术的探讨[J].哈尔滨铁道科技,2009(2):21+39
    [54]张惠玲.视频汽车检测技术中的阈值分割算法研究[J].公路交通科技,2009,26(3):116-120
    [55]吴爱华.基于视频的运动汽车检测技术研究[J].电脑与信息技术,2008,16(5):14-16
    [56]赵建云,郑晓势,周伟,等.基于视频的汽车检测与跟踪技术综述[J].计算机与信息技术,2007(4):30-32+37
    [57]张晖,董育宁.基于视频的汽车检测算法综述[J].南京邮电大学学报(自然科学版),2007,27(3):88-94
    [58]徐晓夏,陈泉林.基于视频的汽车检测中阈值分割算法的改进[J].信息技术,2005(9):10-12+60
    [59]王圣男,郁梅,蒋刚毅.智能交通系统中基于视频图像处理的汽车检测与跟踪方法综述[J].计算机应用研究,2005(9):9-14
    [60]贺春林.一种基于视频的汽车检测算法[J].计算机科学,2005,32(5):243-245
    [61]郑宏,胡学敏.高分辨率卫星影像汽车检测的抗体网络[J].遥感学报,2009,13(5): 920-927
    [62]P. D. Gader, J. R. Miramonti, Y. Won, et al. Segmentation free shared weight networks for automatic vehicle detection[J]. Neural Networks,1995,8(9): 1457-1473
    [63]C. Goerick, D. Noll, M. Werner. Artificial neural networks in real-time car detection and tracking applications[J]. Pattern Recognition Letters,1996,17(4): 335-343
    [64]G. D. Sullivan, K. D. Baker, A. D. Worrall, et al. Model-based vehicle detection and classification using orthographic approximations[J]. Image and Vision Computing,1997,15(8):649-654
    [65]X. Li, Z. Liu, K. Leung. Detection of vehicles from traffic scenes using fuzzy integrals[J]. Pattern Recognition,2002,35(4):967-980
    [66]D. M. Ha, J. M. Lee, Y. D. Kim. Neural-edge-based vehicle detection and traffic parameter extraction [J]. Image and Vision Computing,2004,22(11):899-907
    [67]A.Gepperth, J. Edelbrunner, T. Bucher. Real-time detection and classification of cars in video sequences[A]. Proc. of IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium,2005: 625-631
    [68]R. Ruskone, L. Guigues, S. Airault, el al. Vehicle detection on aerial images:a structural approach[A]. International Conference on Pattern Recognition. Proc. of IEEE Computer Society, Vienna,1996:900-904.
    [69]V. Parameswaran, P. Burlina, R. Chellappa. Performance analysis and learning approaches for vehicle detection and counting in aerial images[A]. Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing,1997: 2753-2756
    [70]T. Zhao, R. Nevatia. Car detection in low resolution aerial images[J]. Image and Vision Computing,2003,21(8):693-703
    [71]T. Zhao, R. Nevatia. Car detection in low resolution aerial image[A]. Proc. of eighth IEEE international conference on computer vision,2001:710-717
    [72]S. Hinz, A. Baumgartner. Vehicle detection in aerial images using generic features, grouping, and context[A]. Pattern Recognition 2001, Lecture Notes on Computer Science, Springer Verlag,2001:45-52
    [73]S. Hinz. Detection and counting of cars in aerial images[A]. International Conference on Image Processing,2003:997-1000
    [74]H. Moon, R. Chellappa, A. Rosenfeld. Performance analysis of a simple vehicle detection algorithm[J], Image and Vision Computing,2002,20(1):1-13
    [75]林光平,龙志和,吴梅. Bootstrap方法在空间经济计量模型检验中的应用[J].经济科学,2007(4):86-95
    [76]S. Hinz. Integrating local and global features for vehicle detection in high resolution aerial imagery[R]. International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences 34 (Part 3/W8),2003:119-124
    [77]S. Hinz. Detection of vehicles and vehicle queues for road monitoring using high resolution aerial images[J]. Photogrammetrie Fernerkundung Geoinformation, 2004:201-213
    [78]U. Stilla, E. Michaelsen, U. Soergel, et al. Airborne monitoring of vehicle activity in urban areas[R]. Altan MO (ed) International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,2004,35(B3):973-979
    [79]S. Hinz, J. Leitloff, U. Stilla. Context-supported vehicle detection in optical satellite images of urban areas[A]. Proc. of the International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Seoul, Korea,2005:2937-2941
    [80]A. Gerhardinger, D. Ehrlich, M. Pesaresi. Vehicles detection from very high resolution satellite imagery[R]. International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, XXXVI(Part 3/W24),2005:83-88
    [81]H. Zheng, P. Li, L. Li. A morphological neural network vehicle detection from high resolution satellite imagery[A], International Conference on Neural Information Processing (ICONIP), Lecture Notes in Computer Science,2006: 99-106
    [82]X. Jin, C. H. Davis.Vehicle detection from highresolution satellite imagery using morphological shared-weight neural networks[J]. Image and Vision Computing, 2007,25(9):1422-1431
    [83]L. Eikvil, L. Aurdal, H. Koren. Classification-based vehicle detection in high resolution satellite images[J]. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,2009,64(1):65-72
    [84]Q. Tan, Q. Wei, S. Yang, et al. Evaluation of urban road vehicle detection from high resolution remote sensing imagery using object-oriented method[A]. Urban Remote Sensing Event,2009
    [85]J. Y. Choi, Y. K. Yang. Vehicle detection from aerial images using local shape information[A]. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Advances in Image and Video Technology,2009:227-236
    [86]章孝灿,黄智才,赵元洪.遥感数字图像处理[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,1997:93-106
    [87]党安荣,王晓栋,陈晓峰,等.ERDAS IMAGINE遥感图像处理方法[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003:85-93
    [88]陈强.图像分割若干理论方法及应用研究[D].南京理工大学,博士学位论文,2007
    [89]翁秀梅,肖志涛,杨洪薇.基于边缘检测和区域生长的自然彩色图像分割[J].天津工业大学学报,2008,27(1):50-52
    [90]宁顺刚,白万民,喻钧.基于灰度共生矩阵的图像分割方法研究[J].电子科技,2009,22(11):69-71+91
    [91]梁俊龙.基于水平集理论的图像分割[J].微计算机信息,2008,24(2):308-309+299
    [92]章毓晋.图像分割[M].北京:科学出版社,2001:1-2
    [93]章毓晋.图像处理和分析基础[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002:180-181
    [94]章毓晋.图像工程中册--图像分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2007:73-75
    [95]王鹏伟.基于多尺度理论的图像分割方法研究[D].中国科学技术大学,博士学位论文,2007
    [96]潘建江.数字图像分割及变形技术研究[D].浙江大学,博士学位论文,2004
    [97]孟瑞华,宋晓晋.关于彩色图像分割算法的研究[J].矿业快报,2004(9):21-24
    [98]钟镝.基于分块的图像分割方法研究[J].广东电脑与电讯,2007(1):82-85
    [99]胡永生,冀小平.基于阈值的图像分割方法的研究[J].科技情报开发与经济,2007(2):171-172
    [100]刘海亮.数字图像分割方法研究[J].电脑知识与技术,2009,5(9):2048-2049
    [101]刘勃,应隽,周珑,等.数字图像分割技术及其进展[J].天水师范学院学报,2007,27(5):35-39
    [102]R. M. Haraliek,L. G. Shapiro. Image segmentation techniques[A]. Conference on Computer Vision Graphics and Image Processing(CVGIP),1985:100-132
    [103]R. P. Nikhil, K. P. Sankar. A review on image segmentation techniques[J]. Pattern Recognition,1993,26(9):1277-1294
    [104]K. S. Fu, J. K. Mui. A survey on image segmentation[J]. Pattern Recognition,1981, 13(1):3-16
    [105]王耀南,李树涛,毛建旭.计算机图像处理与识别技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2001:117-121
    [106]刘新宇,吴勇,李龙.道路标线图像分割方法研究[J].交通与计算机,2008,26(6):56-60
    [107]黄建新,刘怀,黄伟.基于遗传算法的图像分割阈值选取[J].南京师范大学学报(工程技术版),2007,7(1):14-17
    [108]S. U. Lee, S. Y. Chung, H. P. Rae. A comparative performance study of several global thresholding techniques for segmentation[J]. Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing,1990,52(2):171-190
    [109]N. Otsu. A threshold selection method from gray level histograms[A]. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics,1979:62-66
    [110]万磊,白洪亮,戴军.扩展的Otsu最优阈值图像分割的实现方法[J].哈尔滨工程学学报,2003,24(3):326-329
    [111]柴本成,柴国钟,姜献锋.一种新的自动阈值图像分割方法[J].机械,2003(4):34-35+38
    [112]J. Kittler, J. Illingworth. Mnimum error thresholding[J]. Pattern Recognization, 1986,19(1):41-47
    [113]S. S. Reddi, S. F. Rudin, H. R. Keshavan. An optional multiple threshold scheme for image segmentation [A]. IEEE Trans, on SMC,1984:661-665
    [114]阳波.基于最大类间方差遗传算法的图像分割方法[J].湖南师范大学自然科 学学报,2003,26(1):32-36
    [115]王强.图像分割中阈值的选取研究及算法实现[J].计算机与现代化,2006(10):58-60
    [116]俞学刚,李焱.数字图像的分割技术[J].常州工学院学报,2003,16(4):46-51
    [117]林开颜,吴军辉,徐立鸿.彩色图像分割方法综述[J].中国图像图形学报,2005,10(1):1-10
    [118]李永军.彩色图像分割技术综述[J].综述科技情报开发与经济,2008,18(10):122-124
    [119]陈科庆,何茂军.彩色图像分割综述[J].湖北师范学院学报(自然科学版),2002,24(4):32-36
    [120]宋淑娜,庄凤庭,高尚.基于背景检测的图像分割方法[J].计算机工程与设计,2009,30(20):4671-4673
    [121]杨合超,周雪梅.几种图像分割技术的比较[J].电脑知识与技术,2009,5(9):2440-2441
    [122]黄峰茜,陈春晓,姚均营.图像分割方法的研究进展[J].中国医疗器械信息,2006,12(12):23-27
    [123]冯湘.图像分割的计算机实现[J].郑州铁路职业技术学院学报,2007,19(4):10-11
    [124]L. S. Davis. A survey of edge detection techniques[A]. Proc. of Computer Vision Graphics and Image Processing,1975:248-270
    [125]王晓亚,刘素芳.图像分割中的边缘检测[J].无线电工程,2006,36(12):21-23
    [126]刘榴娣,刘明奇,党长民,等.实用数字图像处理[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,1998:180-183
    [127]贾永红.数字图像处理[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2003:133-141
    [128]章霄,董艳雪,赵文娟,等.数字图像处理技术[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2005:178-184
    [129]黄艺,杜宇人.基于边缘信息的图像分割技术研究[J].现代电子技术,2005(5):116-117+120
    [130]J. Canny. A computational approach to edge detection[A]. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,1986:679-714
    [131]吴国平.数字图像处理[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2007:169-185
    [132]唐良瑞,马全明,景晓军,等.图像处理实用技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2002:74-94
    [133]贾永红.数字图像处理[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2003:197-199
    [134]沈清,汤霖.模式识别导论[M].长沙:国防科技大学出版社,1991:27-36
    [135]陈尚勤,魏洪骏.模式识别[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,1984:8-14
    [136]陈尚勤,魏鸿骏.模式识别理论及应用[M].成都:成都电讯工程学院出版社,1985:6-9
    [137]郭德方.遥感图像的计算机处理和模式识别[M].北京:电子工业出版社,1987:243-260
    [138]赵树芗.模式识别的模糊数学方法[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1987:8-12
    [139]黄振华,吴诚一.模式识别原理[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,1991:40-45
    [140]刘国权,李守轩.基于小波图像金字塔的SSDA快速模板匹配算法[J].科技广场,2007(11):134-136
    [141]余立功,王强,陈纯.多尺度模板匹配算法[J].工程图学学报,2005(3):80-82
    [142]高新杰,李德胜.基于比值法和模板匹配法的灰度图像拼接[J].微计算机信息,2007,23(3):277-279
    [143]邵平,杨路明,黄海滨,等.基于积分图像的快速模板匹配[J].计算机科学,2006,33(12):225-229
    [144]董志国,胡忠文,李元宗.基于模板匹配的轨道基桩识别研究[J].太原理工大学学报,2008,39(1):87-89
    [145]易丛琴,梁静.基于灰度特征和模板匹配的人眼定位[J].计算机与信息技术,2008(7):17-19
    [146]陈皓,马彩文,陈岳承,等.基于灰度统计的快速模板匹配算法[J].光子学报,2009,38(6):1586-1589
    [147]于泓,陈辉,赵辉.基于形状模板匹配的图像拼接算法[J].计算机工程与应用,2006(28):80-82
    [148]李军,周起勃,葛军,等.动态模板匹配算法对运动目标进行自动锁定跟踪的研究[J].红外技术,2005,27(4):62-66
    [149]程小明,林金森,张正国.高分辨心电图中模板匹配算法的改进[J].中国生物医学工程学报,1999,18(1):89-96+108
    [150]柴饶军,马彩文.高速运动弱小目标的可调模板匹配算法[J].遥感技术与应用,2005,20(4):443-446
    [151]侯梦华,吕文阁,梁亮.基于竞选算法的模板匹配算法[J].机电工程技术,2008,37(4):75-76+86+111
    [152]张红民.基于模板匹配的彩色图像自动拼接方法[J].微机发展,2003,13(7):40-42
    [153]郑顺义,周朗明,王晓南,等.基于模板匹配的电子元器件针脚检测方法[J].2009(11):25-27
    [154]伍文峰,王虎帮.基于模板匹配的目标识别算法的设计与实现[J].计算机应用,2006,26(S2):133-134
    [155]高峰,雷志勇,易娟.基于模板匹配的图像跟踪技术[J].国外电子元器件,2008(10):34-36
    [156]沈庭芝,方子文.数字图像处理及模式识别[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,1998:150-161
    [157]王诚,李琳.基于模板匹配的全景图像拼接[J].福建电脑,2008(4):104-105
    [158]高军,李学伟,张建,等.基于模板匹配的图像配准算法[J].西安交通大学学报,2007,41(3):307-311
    [159]王培容,龚卫国.基于模板匹配的装配缺陷检测算法研究[J].计算机工程与应用,2008,44(10):209-210+213
    [160]魏武,黄心汉,张起森,等.基于模板匹配和神经网络的车牌字符识别方法[J].模式识别与人工智能,2001,14(1):123-127
    [161]朱伟,姚莉秀.基于模板匹配搜索的人脸特征点定位[J].上海交通大学学报,2009,43(12):1858-1862
    [162]刘书俊,徐友春,赵明,等.基于动态模板匹配的车辆障碍识别算法研究[J].军事交通学院学报,2008,10(6):57-61
    [163]向卫军,韩根甲.基于模板匹配的目标跟踪算法在红外热成像跟踪技术上的应用[J],电子技术应用,2003(3):12-14
    [164]朱正平,孙传庆,王阳萍.基于肤色与模板匹配的人脸检测方法研究[J].自动化与仪器仪表,2008(6):91-93+105
    [165]王平,白秀玲.基于改进模板匹配的芯片缺陷检测方法[J].微计算机信息,2007(1):135-136
    [166]吴小洪,钟石明.基于互相关边界特性和图像积分的快速模板匹配算法[J].计 算机应用,2009,29(7):1914-1917
    [167]陈运文.形状识别与图像分割方法研究[D].复旦大学,博士学位论文,2008
    [168]方宏,王仲.基于复杂背景的图像分割算法[J].装甲兵工程学院学报,2006,20(2):77-80
    [169]宋雨潭,纪秀.基于数学形态学二值图像分割算法的研究[J].长春工程学院学报(自然科学版),2008,9(3):68-70
    [170]曹彪,刘奇.结合数学形态学和Level Set超声图像的分割方法[J].中国测试技术,2007,33(5):114-117
    [171]游亚平,袁保宗.复杂背景下人脸检测的数学形态学运算方法[J].电子与信息学报,2004,26(12):1863-1870
    [172]章霄,董艳雪,赵文娟,等.数字图像处理技术[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2005:217-233
    [173]邓继忠,张泰岭.数字图像处理技术[M].广州:广东科技出版社,2005:187-198
    [174]孙兆林MATLAB 6.x图像处理[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002:267-269
    [175]苏金明,王永利MATLAB图形图像[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005:218-229
    [176]何东健,耿楠,张义宽.数字图像处理[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2003:161-166
    [177]F. Meyer, S. Beucher. Morphological segmentation[J]. Journal of Visual Communica-tion and Image Representation,1990,1(1):21-46
    [178]R. M. Haralick, S. R. Sternberg, and X. Zhuang. Image analysis using mathematical morphology[J]. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,1987,9(4):532-550
    [179]P. Maragos. Tutorial on advances in morphological image processing and analysis[J]. Optical Engineering,1987,26(7):623-632
    [180]J. Serra. Introduction to mathematical morphology[J]. Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing,1986,35(3):283-305
    [181]S. R. Sternberg. Grayscale morphology[J]. Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing,1986,35(3):333-355
    [182]崔屹.数字图像处理技术与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,1997:201-224
    [183]崔屹.图像处理与分析--数学形态学方法及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2000:1-148
    [184]章毓晋.图像工程中册--图像分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005:367-428
    [185]李在铭.数字图像处理、压缩与识别技术[M].成都:电子科技大学出版社,2000:237-240
    [186]黄贤武,王加俊,李家华.数字图像处理与压缩编码技术[M].成都:电子科技大学出版社,2000:139-148
    [187]阮秋琦.数字图像处理学[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2001:429-480
    [188]朱秀昌,刘峰,胡栋.数字图像处理与图像通信[M].北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2002:137-153
    [189]史健芳,张富军,郝宝峰.基于小波变换和数学形态学的图像分割算法[J].太原理工大学学报,2009,40(5):490-493
    [190]王宇宙,赵宗涛,王旭红.基于数学形态学的遥感图像分割算法[J].微电子学与计算机,2004,21(4):35-36
    [191]刘云如,郭竑辉.基于形态学的微目标的图像分割[J].湖南人文科技学院学报,2005(05):87-89
    [192]袁晓辉,许东,夏良正,等.基于形态学滤波和分水线算法的目标图像分割[J].数据采集与处理,2003,18(4):95-99
    [193]左奇,史忠科.一种基于数学形态学的实时车牌图像分割方法[J].中国图像图形学报,2003,8(5):281-285
    [194]王钧铭,赵力.一种基于数学形态学的车牌图像分割方法[J].电视技术,2007,31(10):84-86
    [195]J. Yang, X. Li. Boundary detection using mathematical morphology[J]. Pattern Recognition Letters,1995,16(12):1277-1286
    [196]C. Huang and R. Wang. An integrated edge detection method using mathematical morphology[J]. Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis,2006,16(3):406-412.
    [197]A. Mansoor, A. S. Mian, A. K. and S. A. Khan. Fuzzy morphology for edge detection and segmentation[J]. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Advances in Visual Computing,2007:811-821
    [198]S. Godbole, A. Amin. Mathematical morphology for edge and overlap detection for medical images[J]. Real-Time Imaging,1995,1(3):191-201
    [199]张硕,彭冬亮.基于数学形态学的细胞图像分割[J].杭州电子科技大学学报,2008,28(6):52-55
    [200]秦剑,李林,李绍明,等.基于梯度的图像分割新方法[J].计算机应用,2009,29(8):2071-2073
    [201]马丽红,张宇.基于形态滤波器组的图像分割预处理算法[J].计算机工程, 2003,29(19):154-155+194
    [202]宋晓东,高勇,阙大顺.一种遥感图像的分割方法[J].西部探矿工程,2003,15(3):187-189
    [203]A. Prati, I. Mikic, and C. Grana, et al. Shadow detection algorithms for traffic flow analysis:a comparative study[A]. IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference Proceedings, Oakland, California,2001:342-347
    [204]R. Cucchiara, C. Grana, and M. Piccardi, et al. Improving shadow suppression in moving object detection with HSV color information[A]. IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference Proceedings, Ocaland, USA,2001:336-341
    [205]S. Agarwal, A. Awan, and D. Roth. Learning to detect objects in images via a sparse, part-based representation[A]. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,2004,26(11):1475-1490
    [206]H. Chi, C. Lu, and F. Zhao, et al. An intensity, chromaticity, and lane based method for vehicle detection from satellite images[A]. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, DC, USA,2009

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700