镁合金拉拔工艺及组织性能的研究
摘要
本文设计了一种可加热控温的封闭的镁合金拉拔装置和拉拔模具,采用挤压和拉拔两种工艺成形了φ4.0mm×0.25mm的WE43镁合金细薄管;探讨了拉拔管材的壁厚变化特点;完成了对不同工艺参数条件下拉拔力的实测,分析了拉拔工艺参数对拉拔力的影响;并探讨了热处理对挤压WE43镁合金性能和组织的影响,以及变形量对WE43镁合金拉拔棒材的性能和组织的影响,分析了拉拔镁合金的变形机制。
实验结果表明,本课题设计的拉拔装置和拉拔模具能够实现镁合金棒材和管材的拉拔。采用挤压、拉拔、机械加工以及热处理等一系列工艺成形出的φ4.0mm×0.25mm细薄镁合金管材壁厚均匀,组织性能良好,表面光洁度好。此细薄镁合金管的力学性能可达到:σ_b＞200MPa,δ＞15%。
多道次拉拔和减小道次加工率能够减小管材在拉拔过程中所受的环向压应力,有效地阻止细薄管材在拉拔过程中增壁的倾向,也可以促进管材壁厚均匀化;T_4处理也可以减小管材壁厚的增长。
拉拔管材的延伸系数越大,所需的拉拔力越大;管材拉拔力随着拉拔速度的增加呈现先降低后增长的趋势,当v=0.25mm/s时拉拔力达到最小值,实现了拉拔速度的优化。本课题所设计的管材拉拔工艺切实可行,各道次的安全系数K均大于1,保证了棒材和管材拉拔过程中没有试样断裂现象。
固溶处理能够明显改善挤压WE43镁合金的组织和性能,极大地减小了管材拉拔过程中发生折叠的几率。经过525℃×8h的固溶处理,合金具备良好的室温综合力学性能,组织中的稀土相呈细小颗粒状均匀分布于α-基体中。
多道次拉拔使得WE43镁合金棒材的抗拉强度逐渐变大,伸长率逐渐减小。孪晶形核是拉拔镁合金的形核方式之一,有利于再结晶过程的进行和镁合金晶粒的细化。当变形程度达到84.2%时,晶粒由23μm减小到8μm以下。
In this paper,a kind of closed drawing device,with capacity of heating and temperature-controlling,and drawing die are designed.Extruding and drawing are used to form thin-walled WE43 magnesium alloy tubes ofΦ4.0mm×0.25mm and alternation rules of wall thickness of the tubes are discussed;drawing forces under different processing parameters are measured and effect of drawing processing parameter on drawing force is analyzed;effect of heat treatment on properties and structure of extruded WE43 magnesium is discussed,and impact of deformation degree on properties and structure of drawed WE43 magnesium alloy,as well as its deformation mechanics,is researched.
The results show that drawing processing of magnesium alloy bars and tubes can be realized in the presence of drawing device and dies designed.Thin-walled magnesium alloy tubes ofΦ4.0mm×0.25mm formed through a series of crafts of extruding,drawing, machining and heat treatment have homogeneous wall thickness,good performance and structure and surface quality.Mechanical properties of the tubes can reach:σ_b＞200MPa,δ＞15%.
Multi-pass drawing and decreasing elongation coefficient can reduce circumferential compressive stresses which tubes bears during drawing,prevent effectively increasing tendency of wall thickness,and are also favorable to homogeneous wall-thickness;T4 heat treatment can also prevent the increasing tendency of wall thickness.
The bigger the Elongation coefficient,the bigger the drawing force needed;drawing force first decline and then increase with the increasing of drawing velocity.When v equals to 0.25mm/s,drawing force is lowest,making that optimization of drawing velocity is realized.Drawing processing of tubes designed is feasible,and assurance coefficient K of all passes is much greater than 1,making sure that no breaking occurs during drawing.
Solution treatment can improve structure and properties of extruded WE43 magnesium alloy,and reduce probability of tubes overlapping during drawing.Through solution treatment of 525℃×8h,this alloy have excellent comprehensive properties in room temperature,rare-earth phases chang into fine particles and distribute homogeneously inα-matrix.
Multi-pass drawing makes tensile strength of WE43 magnesium alloy increase and elongation decrease.Twin nucleation is main nucleation way of drawed magnesium alloy, and is favorable to recrystallization and refinement of magnesium alloy grains.When deformation degree is up to 84.2%,grain size reduces from 23μm to below 8μm.
实验结果表明,本课题设计的拉拔装置和拉拔模具能够实现镁合金棒材和管材的拉拔。采用挤压、拉拔、机械加工以及热处理等一系列工艺成形出的φ4.0mm×0.25mm细薄镁合金管材壁厚均匀,组织性能良好,表面光洁度好。此细薄镁合金管的力学性能可达到:σ_b＞200MPa,δ＞15%。
多道次拉拔和减小道次加工率能够减小管材在拉拔过程中所受的环向压应力,有效地阻止细薄管材在拉拔过程中增壁的倾向,也可以促进管材壁厚均匀化;T_4处理也可以减小管材壁厚的增长。
拉拔管材的延伸系数越大,所需的拉拔力越大;管材拉拔力随着拉拔速度的增加呈现先降低后增长的趋势,当v=0.25mm/s时拉拔力达到最小值,实现了拉拔速度的优化。本课题所设计的管材拉拔工艺切实可行,各道次的安全系数K均大于1,保证了棒材和管材拉拔过程中没有试样断裂现象。
固溶处理能够明显改善挤压WE43镁合金的组织和性能,极大地减小了管材拉拔过程中发生折叠的几率。经过525℃×8h的固溶处理,合金具备良好的室温综合力学性能,组织中的稀土相呈细小颗粒状均匀分布于α-基体中。
多道次拉拔使得WE43镁合金棒材的抗拉强度逐渐变大,伸长率逐渐减小。孪晶形核是拉拔镁合金的形核方式之一,有利于再结晶过程的进行和镁合金晶粒的细化。当变形程度达到84.2%时,晶粒由23μm减小到8μm以下。
In this paper,a kind of closed drawing device,with capacity of heating and temperature-controlling,and drawing die are designed.Extruding and drawing are used to form thin-walled WE43 magnesium alloy tubes ofΦ4.0mm×0.25mm and alternation rules of wall thickness of the tubes are discussed;drawing forces under different processing parameters are measured and effect of drawing processing parameter on drawing force is analyzed;effect of heat treatment on properties and structure of extruded WE43 magnesium is discussed,and impact of deformation degree on properties and structure of drawed WE43 magnesium alloy,as well as its deformation mechanics,is researched.
The results show that drawing processing of magnesium alloy bars and tubes can be realized in the presence of drawing device and dies designed.Thin-walled magnesium alloy tubes ofΦ4.0mm×0.25mm formed through a series of crafts of extruding,drawing, machining and heat treatment have homogeneous wall thickness,good performance and structure and surface quality.Mechanical properties of the tubes can reach:σ_b＞200MPa,δ＞15%.
Multi-pass drawing and decreasing elongation coefficient can reduce circumferential compressive stresses which tubes bears during drawing,prevent effectively increasing tendency of wall thickness,and are also favorable to homogeneous wall-thickness;T4 heat treatment can also prevent the increasing tendency of wall thickness.
The bigger the Elongation coefficient,the bigger the drawing force needed;drawing force first decline and then increase with the increasing of drawing velocity.When v equals to 0.25mm/s,drawing force is lowest,making that optimization of drawing velocity is realized.Drawing processing of tubes designed is feasible,and assurance coefficient K of all passes is much greater than 1,making sure that no breaking occurs during drawing.
Solution treatment can improve structure and properties of extruded WE43 magnesium alloy,and reduce probability of tubes overlapping during drawing.Through solution treatment of 525℃×8h,this alloy have excellent comprehensive properties in room temperature,rare-earth phases chang into fine particles and distribute homogeneously inα-matrix.
Multi-pass drawing makes tensile strength of WE43 magnesium alloy increase and elongation decrease.Twin nucleation is main nucleation way of drawed magnesium alloy, and is favorable to recrystallization and refinement of magnesium alloy grains.When deformation degree is up to 84.2%,grain size reduces from 23μm to below 8μm.
引文
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[75]#12
[2]Villermaux F,Tabrizian M,Yahia L,et.al.Corrosion resistance improvement of NiTi osteosynthesis staples by plasma polymerized tetrafluoroethylene coating.Biome Mater Eng,1996,6(4):241.
[3]Saris NEL.An update on physiological,clinical and analytical aspects.Clin Chim Acta,2000,29(4):1-26.
[4]Vormann J.Nutrition and metabolism.Mol Aspects Med,2003,24(6):27-37.
[5]Vormann J.Bonding to hydroxyapatite.Key Eng Mater,2004,14(6):254-256.
[6]Yamasaki Y,Yoshida Y,Okazaki M,et.al.Action of FG-MgCO_3 Ap-collagen composite in promoting bone formation.Biomaterials,2003,24(2):13-20.
[7]Schranz D,Zartner P,Michel-Behnke I.Bioabsorble metal stents for percutaneous treatment of critical recoarctation of the aora in a newborn.Catheterization and Cardiovascular Intervention,2006,67(5):671-673.
[8]刘正,张奎,曾小勤.镁基轻质合金理论基础及其应用.北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[9]郭学峰,魏建峰,张忠明.镁合金与超高强度镁合金.铸造技术,2002,23(3):133-136.
[10]高仑.镁合金成形技术的开发与应用.轻合金加上技术,2004,32(3):5-12.
[11]达健,谢刚,戴水平.低密度汽车镁材料.中国有色金属学报,1997,7(1):390-393.
[12]余琨,黎文献,王日初.变形镁合金的研究、开发及应用.中国有色金属学报,2003,2:277-288.
[13]马图哈K H著.丁道云等译.材料科学与技术从书—非铁合金的结构与性能.北京:科学出版社,1999.
[14]萨维茨基著.张宝琦,孙志巨,刘志富译.稀土金属学.莫斯科:莫斯科科学出版社,1975.
[15]刘光华.稀土固体物理学.北京:机械工业出版社,1997.
[16]范才河,陈刚,严红革.稀土在镁及镁合金中的作用.材料导报,2005,19(3):61-63.
[17]郭旭涛,李培杰,刘树勋等.稀土耐热镁合金发展现状及展望.铸造,2002,51(2):68-71.
[18]赵志远.铸造稀土镁合金在我国航空工业中的应用.材料工程,1993;(7):8-10.
[19]杨遇春,金红.稀土有色金属材料及其发展前景.材料工程,1993,(6):45-48.
[20]Rokhlin L L.Magnesium alloys containing rare earth metals.Paris:Taylor and Francis,2003.
[21]Masalski T B,William W.Binary alloy phase diagrams.Second Edition.Scot.Jr,1990,(5):45-47.
[22]Drits M E,Rokhlin L L.Izv Vyss Uchebn Zaved.Tsvetn Metall,1997,1(7):168-171.
[23]李亚国.Mg-Zn-Zr-Y系镁合金X射线衍射分析.中国稀土学报,1992,10(4):360.
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