国产X80管线钢用于大口径输气管道的工程应用研究
|
摘要
随着石油、天然气需求量的不断增加,管道的输送压力和管径也不断地增大,以增加其输送效率。现在的管道建设主要以长距离、大管径、高压输送为特征,考虑到管道的结构稳定性和安全性,从而对管线钢的强度和韧性提出了更高的要求,提高管线钢钢级是当今建设管道首先考虑的措施。
国外X70级管线钢已成为上世纪90年代末输气管材用钢的主流。而作为更高钢级的产品,迄今全世界已建成的X80钢级输气管道总长已超过500km,并且在生产技术与管理方面均日趋成熟,大面积推广的条件基本具备。国家经贸委于2000年立项开展X80管线钢的应用研究。
本文首先对国内外X80管线钢的应用情况和技术发展趋势进行了分析研究。从X80管线钢的应用情况可以看出,国外X80管线钢的制造在技术上是成熟的。从API 5L和GB/T 9711.2可以看出,无论是国外还是国内,X80级管线钢都已正式进入标准体系,在工程上应用X80管线钢是有标准依据的。
本文通过大量的试验,对国产X80管线钢及钢管的化学成分、强度、韧性、显微组织等进行了性能检测及质量分析。通过综合质量分析对比,认为在国产X80管线钢及钢管中,鞍钢生产的X80宽厚板和巨龙钢管公司生产的X80直缝埋弧焊管的综合力学性能最优。通过实际验证表明,国产X80管线钢及钢管的各项性能指标符合中石油企业有关X80级热轧钢板卷、钢板、螺旋埋弧焊钢管和直缝埋弧焊钢管等技术条件的要求。
本文还进行了实际工程经济效益对比分析。如果工作压力保持不变,提高钢的强度则可大幅度减小钢管壁厚。带来的经济效益不仅仅是钢材重量减少,还有焊接成本以及从轧板厂至制管厂、从制管厂至施工现场的运输成本都相应下降。钢管每米单重的降低对于管线建设的经济性和施工可行性都有很重要的意义。
最后通过爆破试验验证表明,管道建成后强度试验以及管道在设计压力下正常运行均是安全可靠的。因此在国内长距离、大管径、高压输气管道建设中应用X80管线钢,特别是在某个管线工程上建立X80管线钢工业性应用是可行的。
With the increasing demands for oil and natural gas, the transportation pressureand diameter of pipeline are becoming higher and larger for getting highertransmission efficiency. Now, long distance, large diameter and high transportationpressure have been the main characteristics of oil and gas pipelines, which demandthe steel pipe with higher strength and better toughness in order to guarantee thestructure stability and safety of the pipeline. The first measure to get this goal is to usethe higher strength steel pipe.
API 5L X70 steel had been the dominated steel used for gas transportationpipeline in the later of 1990's. API 5L X80, as a higher grade product, has been usedfor more than 500km gas transportation pipelines abroad, and the relevantmanufacturing technologies and QA/QC are now becoming more and more practicaland perfect, which provide the essential condition for large scale adoption of thisgrade steel pipe. The relevant application researches had been carried out in 2000assigned by China National Economy and Trade Committee.
This thesis analyzed the application and technical progressing trend of X80 steelpipe, and draw a conclusion that the relevant treatment processes in X80 steel pipemanufacturing are all practical, and the applicable technical demands have been listedin API 5L and GB/T 9711.2.
The chemical composition, strength, toughness, micro-structure of domesticmanufactured X80 steel had been tested, analyzed and compared with each other by alarge amount of experiments, and a conclusion has been drawn that the wide and thicksteel plate provided by Anshan Steel Factory and the steel pipe manufactured byJulong Steel Pipe Company have the best quality, and the relevant experiments alsoshown that the quality of domestically manufactured X80 steel, including hot rolledplate coils, steel plates and steel pipes for both SSAW and LSAW, meet the pertinentspecifications by CNPC.
Economic analysis has also been done in this thesis. By adoption of higherstrength steel pipe, not only the pipe weight, but also the connected welding, platerolling, pipe manufacturing and transportation cost can be decreased. Especially, thedecrease of pipe weight per meter means much to the economy and feasibility ofpipeline construction.
The explosion fracture test has also been done, which proves that the pipelinewill be safe when operated at the designed pressure and tested at the hydraulicpressure during the strength testing.
Totally, the adoption of X80 steel pipe in domestic long distance, large diameterand high transportation pressure pipeline project is feasible based on the experimentsand researches above.
国外X70级管线钢已成为上世纪90年代末输气管材用钢的主流。而作为更高钢级的产品,迄今全世界已建成的X80钢级输气管道总长已超过500km,并且在生产技术与管理方面均日趋成熟,大面积推广的条件基本具备。国家经贸委于2000年立项开展X80管线钢的应用研究。
本文首先对国内外X80管线钢的应用情况和技术发展趋势进行了分析研究。从X80管线钢的应用情况可以看出,国外X80管线钢的制造在技术上是成熟的。从API 5L和GB/T 9711.2可以看出,无论是国外还是国内,X80级管线钢都已正式进入标准体系,在工程上应用X80管线钢是有标准依据的。
本文通过大量的试验,对国产X80管线钢及钢管的化学成分、强度、韧性、显微组织等进行了性能检测及质量分析。通过综合质量分析对比,认为在国产X80管线钢及钢管中,鞍钢生产的X80宽厚板和巨龙钢管公司生产的X80直缝埋弧焊管的综合力学性能最优。通过实际验证表明,国产X80管线钢及钢管的各项性能指标符合中石油企业有关X80级热轧钢板卷、钢板、螺旋埋弧焊钢管和直缝埋弧焊钢管等技术条件的要求。
本文还进行了实际工程经济效益对比分析。如果工作压力保持不变,提高钢的强度则可大幅度减小钢管壁厚。带来的经济效益不仅仅是钢材重量减少,还有焊接成本以及从轧板厂至制管厂、从制管厂至施工现场的运输成本都相应下降。钢管每米单重的降低对于管线建设的经济性和施工可行性都有很重要的意义。
最后通过爆破试验验证表明,管道建成后强度试验以及管道在设计压力下正常运行均是安全可靠的。因此在国内长距离、大管径、高压输气管道建设中应用X80管线钢,特别是在某个管线工程上建立X80管线钢工业性应用是可行的。
With the increasing demands for oil and natural gas, the transportation pressureand diameter of pipeline are becoming higher and larger for getting highertransmission efficiency. Now, long distance, large diameter and high transportationpressure have been the main characteristics of oil and gas pipelines, which demandthe steel pipe with higher strength and better toughness in order to guarantee thestructure stability and safety of the pipeline. The first measure to get this goal is to usethe higher strength steel pipe.
API 5L X70 steel had been the dominated steel used for gas transportationpipeline in the later of 1990's. API 5L X80, as a higher grade product, has been usedfor more than 500km gas transportation pipelines abroad, and the relevantmanufacturing technologies and QA/QC are now becoming more and more practicaland perfect, which provide the essential condition for large scale adoption of thisgrade steel pipe. The relevant application researches had been carried out in 2000assigned by China National Economy and Trade Committee.
This thesis analyzed the application and technical progressing trend of X80 steelpipe, and draw a conclusion that the relevant treatment processes in X80 steel pipemanufacturing are all practical, and the applicable technical demands have been listedin API 5L and GB/T 9711.2.
The chemical composition, strength, toughness, micro-structure of domesticmanufactured X80 steel had been tested, analyzed and compared with each other by alarge amount of experiments, and a conclusion has been drawn that the wide and thicksteel plate provided by Anshan Steel Factory and the steel pipe manufactured byJulong Steel Pipe Company have the best quality, and the relevant experiments alsoshown that the quality of domestically manufactured X80 steel, including hot rolledplate coils, steel plates and steel pipes for both SSAW and LSAW, meet the pertinentspecifications by CNPC.
Economic analysis has also been done in this thesis. By adoption of higherstrength steel pipe, not only the pipe weight, but also the connected welding, platerolling, pipe manufacturing and transportation cost can be decreased. Especially, thedecrease of pipe weight per meter means much to the economy and feasibility ofpipeline construction.
The explosion fracture test has also been done, which proves that the pipelinewill be safe when operated at the designed pressure and tested at the hydraulicpressure during the strength testing.
Totally, the adoption of X80 steel pipe in domestic long distance, large diameterand high transportation pressure pipeline project is feasible based on the experimentsand researches above.
引文
[1] 庄传晶、冯耀荣等。国内 X80 管线钢的发展及今后的研究方向(C)。X80钢级管线钢国际技术研讨会会议文集,北京,2004,22-32
[2] H.G.Hillenbrand. Development and Production of High-Strength Pipelines Steels(C)。X80 钢级管线钢国际技术研讨会会议文集,北京,2004,199-228
[3] Alan Glover. Research and Application of X100 and X120(C)。X80 钢级管线钢国际技术研讨会会议文集,北京,2004,108-142
[4] Alan Glover. X80 Design, Construction and Operation(C)。X80 钢级管线钢国际技术研讨会会议文集,北京,2004,143-198
[5] 熊林玉、杜则裕。X80 钢管的焊接(J)。油气储运,2003,22(10):53-56
[6] 潘家华。我国管材及制管工业的发展趋势(C)。2003 国际管线钢学术报告会论文集,廊坊,2003,1-5
[7] 高惠临。管线钢——组织、性能、焊接行为(M)。西安:陕西科学技术出版社,1995
[8] Naoshi Ayukawa. Design Concept of High Strength UOE Line Pipes(C)。X80钢级管线钢国际技术研讨会会议文集,北京,2004,320-335
[9] 孔君华,郑琳等。武钢 X80 热轧厚板卷的研制与生产(C)。X80 钢级管线钢国际技术研讨会会议文集,北京,2004,12-16
[10] 束德林。金属力学性能(M)。北京:机械工业出版社,1987
[11] 高珊,郑磊。宝钢 X80 管线钢热轧板卷的研制(C)。X80 钢级管线钢国际技术研讨会会议文集,北京,2004,1-5
[12] 王晓香。X-80 管线钢管及感应加热弯管的研制和试验(C)。X80 钢级管线钢国际技术研讨会会议文集,北京,2004,44-58
[13] 王仪康等。我国高压输送天然气管线钢管的发展(C)。2003 国际管线钢学术报告会论文集,廊坊,2003,71-99
[14] 丁晓军,杨忠文等。国内石油天然气输送用 X80 级焊管的开发(C)。X80钢级管线钢国际技术研讨会会议文集,北京,2004,75-93
[15] 臧铁军。螺旋焊管的特性(J)。焊管,1995,18(1):5-10
[16] 潘家华。关于输气管道的止裂研究(J)。焊管,2001,24(7):1-9
[17] 王茂堂。低温用大直径钢管(译文)(J)。国外油气储运,1992,10(2-2):48-54
[18] 丁晓军。高强度管线钢管的技术性能及发展应用(J)。焊管,1998,21(5):1-8
[19] 史耀武。油气输送焊管的韧性要求(J)。焊管,1995,18(1):1-4
[20] 潘家华。关于板材的包辛格效应(J)。焊管,1997,20(1):1-3
[21] 沈中华。钢管制造工艺及材料(J)。管线钢管,1995,1:6-10
[22] 张有渝。大口径长输管道用弯管的设计制造(J)。油气储运,1996,1:48-51
[23] 郑磊、高珊。宝钢管线钢的开发与应用(J)。钢铁(增刊),2002,37:417-421
[24] 王茂堂。X80 钢级管线钢技术条件制订若干问题探讨(C)。X80 钢级管线钢国际技术研讨会会议文集,北京,2004,96-107
[25] 高惠临、石凯。管线钢控制轧制与控制冷却的应用和进展(J)。焊管,1995,18(3):7-11
[26] G.knauf. Full Scale Behaviour of High Strength Steels(C)。X80 钢级管线钢国际技术研讨会会议文集,北京,2004,229-243
[27] Michael Steiner. Experience of E.ON Ruhrgas with X80(C)。X80 钢级管线钢国际技术研讨会会议文集,北京,2004,244-278
[28] JFE Steel Corporation. Production and Application of Grade X80 Line Pipe(C)。X80 钢级管线钢国际技术研讨会会议文集,北京,2004,300-305
[29] Jang-Yong Yoo. Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of API-X80 Grade Hot Rolled Strips and Plate(sC)。X80 钢级管线钢国际技术研讨会会议文集,北京,2004,352-358
[30] 高惠临、辛希贤。论管线钢韧性的控制因素(J)。焊管,1995.5:7-11
[31] Izumi Takeuchi. Prospects for High-strength Line Pipes for Gas transmission Pipelines(C)。2003 国际管线钢学术报告会论文集,廊坊,2003,110-121
[2] H.G.Hillenbrand. Development and Production of High-Strength Pipelines Steels(C)。X80 钢级管线钢国际技术研讨会会议文集,北京,2004,199-228
[3] Alan Glover. Research and Application of X100 and X120(C)。X80 钢级管线钢国际技术研讨会会议文集,北京,2004,108-142
[4] Alan Glover. X80 Design, Construction and Operation(C)。X80 钢级管线钢国际技术研讨会会议文集,北京,2004,143-198
[5] 熊林玉、杜则裕。X80 钢管的焊接(J)。油气储运,2003,22(10):53-56
[6] 潘家华。我国管材及制管工业的发展趋势(C)。2003 国际管线钢学术报告会论文集,廊坊,2003,1-5
[7] 高惠临。管线钢——组织、性能、焊接行为(M)。西安:陕西科学技术出版社,1995
[8] Naoshi Ayukawa. Design Concept of High Strength UOE Line Pipes(C)。X80钢级管线钢国际技术研讨会会议文集,北京,2004,320-335
[9] 孔君华,郑琳等。武钢 X80 热轧厚板卷的研制与生产(C)。X80 钢级管线钢国际技术研讨会会议文集,北京,2004,12-16
[10] 束德林。金属力学性能(M)。北京:机械工业出版社,1987
[11] 高珊,郑磊。宝钢 X80 管线钢热轧板卷的研制(C)。X80 钢级管线钢国际技术研讨会会议文集,北京,2004,1-5
[12] 王晓香。X-80 管线钢管及感应加热弯管的研制和试验(C)。X80 钢级管线钢国际技术研讨会会议文集,北京,2004,44-58
[13] 王仪康等。我国高压输送天然气管线钢管的发展(C)。2003 国际管线钢学术报告会论文集,廊坊,2003,71-99
[14] 丁晓军,杨忠文等。国内石油天然气输送用 X80 级焊管的开发(C)。X80钢级管线钢国际技术研讨会会议文集,北京,2004,75-93
[15] 臧铁军。螺旋焊管的特性(J)。焊管,1995,18(1):5-10
[16] 潘家华。关于输气管道的止裂研究(J)。焊管,2001,24(7):1-9
[17] 王茂堂。低温用大直径钢管(译文)(J)。国外油气储运,1992,10(2-2):48-54
[18] 丁晓军。高强度管线钢管的技术性能及发展应用(J)。焊管,1998,21(5):1-8
[19] 史耀武。油气输送焊管的韧性要求(J)。焊管,1995,18(1):1-4
[20] 潘家华。关于板材的包辛格效应(J)。焊管,1997,20(1):1-3
[21] 沈中华。钢管制造工艺及材料(J)。管线钢管,1995,1:6-10
[22] 张有渝。大口径长输管道用弯管的设计制造(J)。油气储运,1996,1:48-51
[23] 郑磊、高珊。宝钢管线钢的开发与应用(J)。钢铁(增刊),2002,37:417-421
[24] 王茂堂。X80 钢级管线钢技术条件制订若干问题探讨(C)。X80 钢级管线钢国际技术研讨会会议文集,北京,2004,96-107
[25] 高惠临、石凯。管线钢控制轧制与控制冷却的应用和进展(J)。焊管,1995,18(3):7-11
[26] G.knauf. Full Scale Behaviour of High Strength Steels(C)。X80 钢级管线钢国际技术研讨会会议文集,北京,2004,229-243
[27] Michael Steiner. Experience of E.ON Ruhrgas with X80(C)。X80 钢级管线钢国际技术研讨会会议文集,北京,2004,244-278
[28] JFE Steel Corporation. Production and Application of Grade X80 Line Pipe(C)。X80 钢级管线钢国际技术研讨会会议文集,北京,2004,300-305
[29] Jang-Yong Yoo. Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of API-X80 Grade Hot Rolled Strips and Plate(sC)。X80 钢级管线钢国际技术研讨会会议文集,北京,2004,352-358
[30] 高惠临、辛希贤。论管线钢韧性的控制因素(J)。焊管,1995.5:7-11
[31] Izumi Takeuchi. Prospects for High-strength Line Pipes for Gas transmission Pipelines(C)。2003 国际管线钢学术报告会论文集,廊坊,2003,110-121