WiMAX终端的研究与设计
摘要
随着社会信息化的不断推进，通信网络的宽带化成为一个必然的趋势，而传统的接入网技术已成为新一代宽带通信网络建设的瓶颈。在众多新兴的接入技术中，无线宽带接入技术以其特有的优势成为近年来通信技术市场的最大亮点。WiMAX作为一种面向无线城域网的宽带接入方案，以其优异的性能和广阔的市场前景而倍受关注。
WiMAX终端作为一种无线宽带接入的产品，必将是未来无线宽带接入重要手段，它以其高速率，移动性，覆盖范围广等特点，将会越来越受到业界的关注。本文对WiMAX终端进行研究，Wimax技术对终端平台处理能力提出更高的要求，要求平台具有更大的吞吐率，为了正确的解调64QAM的数字信号，平台的数据吞吐率将达到至少960Mbit／s。WiMAX的终端平台需要多个处理核心同时分工并行工作。对于终端系统，移动设备往往对系统的体积有着苛刻的要求，这意味着WiMAX的终端系统必须走SoC的道路。WiMAX终端主要分为两大部分，基带通信平台和射频前端。本文提出了基带平台的设计方案，并且分析了WiMAX射频前端存在的设计挑战和解决办法。本文重点讨论了WiMAX终端基带平台设计与实现，主要包括嵌入式处理器模块的设计，如系统结构，操作系统的定制。还讨论的DSP模块的系统结构和软件框架。本文还重点讨论了WiMAX终端射频前端电路的设计，各个电路模块的指标与性能，包括放大器模块、震荡器模块、混频器模块、滤波器模块，以及射频前端的三种结构，分别是TDD结构，FDD结构，HFDD结构。还讨论了固定和移动WiMAX射频前端的设计挑战以及解决办法。最后还设计了一款基于三星S3C2410芯片的WiMAX终端方案，主要讨论的基于ARM920T的硬件平台的设计，以及采用WinCE系统的软件平台的设计。
With the rapid advancement of social informatization, traditional access techniqueshave become the bottleneck in the development of the next generation broadbandcommunication networks, and therefore broadband access is considered to be aninevitable trend. Among the numerous burgeoning access technologies, broadbandwireless access has attracted the most attention from the communication industryduring recent years, due to its particular advantages in system performance. As abroadband wireless access scheme for WMAN (Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks),WiMAX (World Interoperability for Microwave Access) has received primary concernbecause of its outstanding system performance and wide market outlook.
As an wireless broadband access product, WiMAX mobile station must be the most important access solution。With the character of high date rate, mobility, wide coverage area, WiMAX will become the highlight technique. Therefore, greater demands are made on the platform for the WiMAX system. And only the buses supporting large bandwidth and high speed can satisfy the request for large data throughput. In order to demod 64QAM signal, the through put of the platform must higher than 960Mbps at least. WiMAX MS platform need multiple core work together to support the high calculate demand of WiMAX system. For MS system, the outline size always is strictly controlled, so the solution of this issue must be the SOC. The WiMAX MS generally consist two large sections, one is the Base band section and another is RF front end. In this paper we mainly discuss the base band platform include system design and OS configure of the embedded processor and system structure and software underline of the DSP part. Another emphasis of this article is about the design of RF circuit and the method of some key issues. At last we give an MS solution based on the SAMSUNG S3C2410 chipset, and it is embedded with an ARM920 processor and run on the WinCE OS.
WiMAX终端作为一种无线宽带接入的产品，必将是未来无线宽带接入重要手段，它以其高速率，移动性，覆盖范围广等特点，将会越来越受到业界的关注。本文对WiMAX终端进行研究，Wimax技术对终端平台处理能力提出更高的要求，要求平台具有更大的吞吐率，为了正确的解调64QAM的数字信号，平台的数据吞吐率将达到至少960Mbit／s。WiMAX的终端平台需要多个处理核心同时分工并行工作。对于终端系统，移动设备往往对系统的体积有着苛刻的要求，这意味着WiMAX的终端系统必须走SoC的道路。WiMAX终端主要分为两大部分，基带通信平台和射频前端。本文提出了基带平台的设计方案，并且分析了WiMAX射频前端存在的设计挑战和解决办法。本文重点讨论了WiMAX终端基带平台设计与实现，主要包括嵌入式处理器模块的设计，如系统结构，操作系统的定制。还讨论的DSP模块的系统结构和软件框架。本文还重点讨论了WiMAX终端射频前端电路的设计，各个电路模块的指标与性能，包括放大器模块、震荡器模块、混频器模块、滤波器模块，以及射频前端的三种结构，分别是TDD结构，FDD结构，HFDD结构。还讨论了固定和移动WiMAX射频前端的设计挑战以及解决办法。最后还设计了一款基于三星S3C2410芯片的WiMAX终端方案，主要讨论的基于ARM920T的硬件平台的设计，以及采用WinCE系统的软件平台的设计。
With the rapid advancement of social informatization, traditional access techniqueshave become the bottleneck in the development of the next generation broadbandcommunication networks, and therefore broadband access is considered to be aninevitable trend. Among the numerous burgeoning access technologies, broadbandwireless access has attracted the most attention from the communication industryduring recent years, due to its particular advantages in system performance. As abroadband wireless access scheme for WMAN (Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks),WiMAX (World Interoperability for Microwave Access) has received primary concernbecause of its outstanding system performance and wide market outlook.
As an wireless broadband access product, WiMAX mobile station must be the most important access solution。With the character of high date rate, mobility, wide coverage area, WiMAX will become the highlight technique. Therefore, greater demands are made on the platform for the WiMAX system. And only the buses supporting large bandwidth and high speed can satisfy the request for large data throughput. In order to demod 64QAM signal, the through put of the platform must higher than 960Mbps at least. WiMAX MS platform need multiple core work together to support the high calculate demand of WiMAX system. For MS system, the outline size always is strictly controlled, so the solution of this issue must be the SOC. The WiMAX MS generally consist two large sections, one is the Base band section and another is RF front end. In this paper we mainly discuss the base band platform include system design and OS configure of the embedded processor and system structure and software underline of the DSP part. Another emphasis of this article is about the design of RF circuit and the method of some key issues. At last we give an MS solution based on the SAMSUNG S3C2410 chipset, and it is embedded with an ARM920 processor and run on the WinCE OS.
引文
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[2] IEEEP802.16e/DB,Draft IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks[S]. America:IEEE, 2005.
[3] 杨文东IEEE802．16宽带无线接入标准体系介绍[J]．电信工程技术与标准化，2003，(2)：57-60．
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[7] 袁旭峰李泽滔等．嵌入式Linu：系统实时性的研究[J]．贵州土业大学学报：自然科学版，2003．32(1)：66-69．
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[10] 周宗仪．WiMAX系统及其设备研发．中兴通讯技术，2005(2)
[11] P Vizmuller. RF Circuits and Systems. Artech House,MA,USA,1995
[12] 陈邦媛编著．射频通信电路．北京：科学出版社，2002
[13] 汪晓阳．无线通信新技术展望．电信快报，2003(4)
[14] 谢显中．TDD模式与第三代移动通信系统．现代电信科技，2000(2)
[15] 梁青，张晓燕，刘毓．基于TDMA/TDD的MAC协议．西安邮电学院学报，2001(1)
[16] 丁方乐．FDD/TDD在我国移动通信业务中的规划和应用．中国无线电，2004(8)
[17] 郭俭．TDD与FDD在第三代移动通信系统中的应用．当代通信，2001(21)
[18] 射频集成电路发展趋势．今日电子，2003(10)：48-49
[19] 程思远，范善焕．CDMA系统RF设计流程初探．电信工程技术与标准化，2003(9)：73-77
[20] Ulrich L．Rohde,David P．Newkirk．无线应用射频微波电路设计．北京：电子工业出版社，2004
[21] S3C2410XUSER'S MANUAL 2003, SAMSUNG Co., Ltd
[22] 陈章龙，涂时亮．嵌入式系统一Intel StrongARM结构与开发，北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2002-10．
[23] 微软公司．Windows CE开发人员指南系列．北京：北京希望电子出版社，1999-09．
[24] 贺科峰，李式巨．S3C2410X在无线宽带通信网中的应用．《电子技术应用》2004年第五期．
[2] IEEEP802.16e/DB,Draft IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks[S]. America:IEEE, 2005.
[3] 杨文东IEEE802．16宽带无线接入标准体系介绍[J]．电信工程技术与标准化，2003，(2)：57-60．
[4] Freescale Inc. MC9328MXI i.MX Integrated Portable System Processor ReferenceManual [DB/OL].http://www.freescale.com/files/32bit/doc/ref一manual/MC9328MX1RM.pdf,2004-8-11
[5] hillmanweb.通用CPU历史简介[EB/OL]. http://pop.pcpop.com/0040002/945236.html,2000-4-2.
[6] 李小群赵慧斌叶以民．RFRTOS：基于Linux的实时操作系统[J]．软件学报，2003，14(7)1203-1212．
[7] 袁旭峰李泽滔等．嵌入式Linu：系统实时性的研究[J]．贵州土业大学学报：自然科学版，2003．32(1)：66-69．
[8] Anand K Santhanam, Vishal Kulkami,嵌入式设备卜的Linux系统开发[EB/OL].http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/cn八inux/embed/embdev/.2002-3.
[9] Analog Devices Inc. ADSP-TS201 TigerSHARC. Processor Hardware Reference[DB/OL]. http://www.analog.com/UploadedFiles/Data Sheets/850429978ADSP-TS201S_a.pdf,2005-10.
[10] 周宗仪．WiMAX系统及其设备研发．中兴通讯技术，2005(2)
[11] P Vizmuller. RF Circuits and Systems. Artech House,MA,USA,1995
[12] 陈邦媛编著．射频通信电路．北京：科学出版社，2002
[13] 汪晓阳．无线通信新技术展望．电信快报，2003(4)
[14] 谢显中．TDD模式与第三代移动通信系统．现代电信科技，2000(2)
[15] 梁青，张晓燕，刘毓．基于TDMA/TDD的MAC协议．西安邮电学院学报，2001(1)
[16] 丁方乐．FDD/TDD在我国移动通信业务中的规划和应用．中国无线电，2004(8)
[17] 郭俭．TDD与FDD在第三代移动通信系统中的应用．当代通信，2001(21)
[18] 射频集成电路发展趋势．今日电子，2003(10)：48-49
[19] 程思远，范善焕．CDMA系统RF设计流程初探．电信工程技术与标准化，2003(9)：73-77
[20] Ulrich L．Rohde,David P．Newkirk．无线应用射频微波电路设计．北京：电子工业出版社，2004
[21] S3C2410XUSER'S MANUAL 2003, SAMSUNG Co., Ltd
[22] 陈章龙，涂时亮．嵌入式系统一Intel StrongARM结构与开发，北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2002-10．
[23] 微软公司．Windows CE开发人员指南系列．北京：北京希望电子出版社，1999-09．
[24] 贺科峰，李式巨．S3C2410X在无线宽带通信网中的应用．《电子技术应用》2004年第五期．