特高含水期水驱增产增注技术适应性研究
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摘要
水力压裂是目前油田广泛应用的改造油层,提高油井单井日产水平、减缓油田产量递减速度的主要措施。2005年以来,萨南开发区全面进入特高含水开发阶段,油井压裂挖潜难度不断加大,油井压前含水不断升高,压裂井、层条件日益变差,重复压裂比例逐年升高,潜力井中套损井所占比例逐年增大,以往压裂的选井选层原则适应性变差,压裂潜力小,无法满足高含水后期措施挖潜的需求。本文详细论述了影响压裂效果的主要因素和现阶段压裂技术的发展现状。通过统计分析近几年来大量的压裂油井的选井选层的条件及压裂效果,在各种动静态资料及监测资料录取更加详实,对地下储层和构造的认识更加深刻的基础上,搞清了特高含水期剩余油分布特征及规律,拓宽了压裂井选井选层范围,进一步明确了萨南开发区特高含水期压裂选井选层原则,并结合措施目的层油层条件不同,总结了优化压裂方式、层段组合以及施工参数的方法。为改善萨南开发区特高含水期油井压裂效果,最大限度的挖掘剩余油潜力,提高区块采收率提供了技术保障。
水井酸化增注措施是提高单井吸水能力,改善薄差油层动用状况的有效技术手段。目前水井酸化增注的措施类型很多,各类措施的适应油层条件不同,措施效果也参差不齐。本文详细分析了萨南开发区特高含水期注水井吸水能力差的原因,论述了层内生气、表面活性剂、低碳酸活性水等几种解堵增注技术的作用机理,统计分析了2008年以来区块开展的多种增注措施的试验效果,在此基础上,总结评价了各类措施对不同区块不同油层的适应性,明确了各类措施的选井选层原则,为今后萨南开发区注水井增注措施的优化提供的有力的技术指导。
The hydro- fracturing is the main measure which was used wildly for the oil layer reconstructing, improving the daily production and slow down the decline rate of production. Sanan oilfield has been into the extra-high water cut stage since 2005. the tapping becoming difficult by fracturing, the water cut is higher and higher of pro-fracturing, the well and zone's condition for fracture being badly and the ratio of repeat fracture increase yearly. The case damage ratio of the potential well increased. The rules of well and zone choose has can't meet the demand of tapping in the extra-high water cut period. The article discussed the effect items and the technical development status of fracture detailed. Base on the deep understand of oil zone and construe by analyses the effect of number of fracture wells and the static and dynamic data. We has Understood the characteristics and laws of the remaining oil distribution in extra-high water cut period. The scope of choose the well and zone for fracturing being wildly and make the rules of choose the well and zone for fracture be true. The article give the optimize methods, zone group and construct parameters of fracture. All of this supplies the guaranties for IOR and EOR in Sannan oilfield.
The acidification of injector is the effective methods for improving the absorption and the employ status of thin and poor oil zone. There are many methods of acidification methods, the effect is different because the feasible of oil zone. The item analyzed different reason of the absorptions of injector and discussed the mechanism of improving water injection technical by associated gas, surfactants, low-carbon active water. Statistic and analysis the pilot effect of number of improving injection methods since 2008. On the basic, sum up and evaluate the feasible of different methods in oil zone. We make the rule of well and zone choice and supply powerful instruct for improving the injection and optimization.
水井酸化增注措施是提高单井吸水能力,改善薄差油层动用状况的有效技术手段。目前水井酸化增注的措施类型很多,各类措施的适应油层条件不同,措施效果也参差不齐。本文详细分析了萨南开发区特高含水期注水井吸水能力差的原因,论述了层内生气、表面活性剂、低碳酸活性水等几种解堵增注技术的作用机理,统计分析了2008年以来区块开展的多种增注措施的试验效果,在此基础上,总结评价了各类措施对不同区块不同油层的适应性,明确了各类措施的选井选层原则,为今后萨南开发区注水井增注措施的优化提供的有力的技术指导。
The hydro- fracturing is the main measure which was used wildly for the oil layer reconstructing, improving the daily production and slow down the decline rate of production. Sanan oilfield has been into the extra-high water cut stage since 2005. the tapping becoming difficult by fracturing, the water cut is higher and higher of pro-fracturing, the well and zone's condition for fracture being badly and the ratio of repeat fracture increase yearly. The case damage ratio of the potential well increased. The rules of well and zone choose has can't meet the demand of tapping in the extra-high water cut period. The article discussed the effect items and the technical development status of fracture detailed. Base on the deep understand of oil zone and construe by analyses the effect of number of fracture wells and the static and dynamic data. We has Understood the characteristics and laws of the remaining oil distribution in extra-high water cut period. The scope of choose the well and zone for fracturing being wildly and make the rules of choose the well and zone for fracture be true. The article give the optimize methods, zone group and construct parameters of fracture. All of this supplies the guaranties for IOR and EOR in Sannan oilfield.
The acidification of injector is the effective methods for improving the absorption and the employ status of thin and poor oil zone. There are many methods of acidification methods, the effect is different because the feasible of oil zone. The item analyzed different reason of the absorptions of injector and discussed the mechanism of improving water injection technical by associated gas, surfactants, low-carbon active water. Statistic and analysis the pilot effect of number of improving injection methods since 2008. On the basic, sum up and evaluate the feasible of different methods in oil zone. We make the rule of well and zone choice and supply powerful instruct for improving the injection and optimization.
引文
[1]刘俊君,王小松,蒋茂春.压裂技术在低渗油藏中的应用与研究[J].内蒙古石油化工,2006,6：86-87.
[2]李远超,师俊峰.突变评价法在压裂选井选层中的应用[J].钻采工艺,2008,11：56-58.
[3]吴建发,郭建春,赵金洲.模糊分析方法优选压裂井层[J].天然气工业,2005,25(2)：84-86.
[4]吴建发,郭建春,赵金洲.压裂酸化选井模糊综合评判方法[J].石油钻采工艺,2004,26(2)：54-56.
[5]杨小松,孙良田,孙雷,等.模糊数学在气井压裂酸化选井选层因素分析中的应用[J].钻采工艺,2005,28(4)：39-43.
[6]位云生,胡永全,赵金洲等.人工神经网络方法在水力压裂选井评层中的应用[J].断块油气田,2005,12(4)：42-44.
[7]易祖坤,蒋海,杨亚东.人工神经网络复合压裂选井选层中的应用[J].西部探矿工程,1997(9)：53-55.
[8]刘长印,孔令飞,张国英,等.人工智能系统在压裂选井选层方面的应用[J].钻采工艺,2003,26(1)：37-38.
[9]张国东,林辉,李运辉.GM(1,N)灰色模型在压裂井评井选层中的应用[J].天然气工业,2002,22(3)：31-34.
[8]李静群,赵忠诚.对老油田井重复压裂增产措施的认识[J].长庆石油经济,2002,(2)：41-44.
[9]赵祥生,柯仲华.高能气体压裂在安塞油田的应用[J].石油钻采工艺,1992,14(6)：57-58.
[10]王成旺,范文敏,陆红军.长庆油田老井增产增注工艺技术研究与应用[J].油气井测试,2007,12(16)：63-67.
[11]杨永超.高压水射流解堵技术在中原油田的应用[J].试采技术,1998,19(4)33-35.
[12]杨兵,王福旺.水力割缝技术在油田开发中的应用[J].油气井测试,2002,11(4)：25-26.
[13]王鸿勋.水力压裂原理[M].北京：石油工业出版社,1987：46-52.
[14]王鸿勋,张琪.采油工艺原理[M].北京：石油工艺出版社,1990：205-214.
[15]张向阳,师国际.沙埝油田低渗透储层的压裂改造效果评价[J].新疆石油天然气2006,2(2)：68-73.
[16]闫庆来,何求选.低渗透油田开发技术[M].北京：石油工业出版社,1994：75-82.
[17]李四军.江汉油田低渗透储层提高压裂效果技术对策[J].石油天然气学报,2006,28(3)：355-356.
[18]吉得利JL.水力压裂技术新发展[M].蒋阗,单文文译.北京：石油工业出版社1995：37-54.
[19]王宇,郎学军,刘洪升.户部寨地区Es23—Es43段压裂损害机理与地层保护[J].断块油气田,7(2)：57-58.
[20]K.D.Mahrerand, W.W.Aud, J.T.Hansen.Far-Field Hy-draulic Fracture GeometryAchanging Paradigm[J].SPE36441,1996:57-58.
[21]A.Chudnovsky,J.Fan,Y.Shulkin,J.W.DudleyIIJ, Shlyapobersky, R.Schraufnagel.A new Hydraulic Fracture Tip Me chanismina Statistically Homogeneous Medium[J].SPE36442,1996:36-42.
[22]JiangTingxue, WangXugang, ShanWenwenetal.A new compre-hensive hydraulic fracturing technology to minimize formation dam-agein low permeability reservoirs[J].SPE82222,2003:36-42.
[23]C.E.Cooke,Jr.Effect of fracturing fluids on fracture conductivity[J].SPE, 1975:1273-1282.
[24]Pye,K.s., Smith W.a.Fluid lossaddi-tive seriously reduces fracture proppant con-ductivity and formation permeability[J].SPE4680,1973:10.
[25]刘洪升,王俊英,党民芳.水力压裂支撑裂缝损害机理试验研究断块油气田[J].2001,5：46-48.
[26]AblbO, MorettiFJ, CenMetal.Application of geological modeling and reservoir simulation to the west Saertu Areaofthe Daqing oil field [J].SPE Reservoir Evaluation& Engineering,1991(Feb.):99-106.
[27]Donald PW.New method forrepresenting multiple wells with arbitrary rates in numerical reservoir simulation[J].SPE Reser-voir Evaluation&Engineering, 1995(Nov.):253-257.
[28]Stalk up FL, Crane SD.Reservoir description detail required to predict solvent and water saturation satan observation Well[J].SPE Reservoir Evaluation&Engineering,1994(Feb.):35-43.
[29]MahendraKV, MichelB, LucienneB.Evaluatio nofresidual oil saturation after water flood in a carbonate reservoir[J].SPE Reservoir Evaluation&Engineering, 1994(Nov):247-253.
[30]Thakur GC.Water flood surveillance techniques-Are servoir manage mentapproach[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,1991,10:1180.
[31]Horne RN.Relative roductivities and Pressure Transient Modeling of Horizontal Wells with Multiple Fractures[J].SPE29891,1995:253-257.
[32]官长质,杨静波.压裂作业中的保护油气层技术[J].压裂酸化技术论文集,2004,11(3)：51-53.
[33]C.E.Cooke,Jr.Effect of fracturing fluids on fracture conductivity[J].SPE1975:1273-128.
[34]张兆林,潘晓霞.安丰油田开发后期挖潜技术[J].油气地质与采油率,2004,11(3)：51-53.
[35]冈秦麟.高含水油田改善水驱效果新技术[M].北京：石油工业出版社1999：36-42.
[36]PushkarA,HallFL, Acha-DazaJA.Estimation of speeds from single-loop freeway flow and occupancy data using cuspcatast rophe theory model[J].Transportation Research Record1457, TRB,National ResearchCounci lWashington,D.C.1994:149-157.
[37]D.S.Pope, L.K.Leung, J.Gulbis.粘滞指进对裂缝导流能力的影响[J].国外油田工程,1997,12：149-152.
[38]郑志,马达波,刘建山,等.树脂涂层砂压裂封口技术在辽河油田的研究与应用[J].压裂酸化技术论文集：164-166.
[2]李远超,师俊峰.突变评价法在压裂选井选层中的应用[J].钻采工艺,2008,11：56-58.
[3]吴建发,郭建春,赵金洲.模糊分析方法优选压裂井层[J].天然气工业,2005,25(2)：84-86.
[4]吴建发,郭建春,赵金洲.压裂酸化选井模糊综合评判方法[J].石油钻采工艺,2004,26(2)：54-56.
[5]杨小松,孙良田,孙雷,等.模糊数学在气井压裂酸化选井选层因素分析中的应用[J].钻采工艺,2005,28(4)：39-43.
[6]位云生,胡永全,赵金洲等.人工神经网络方法在水力压裂选井评层中的应用[J].断块油气田,2005,12(4)：42-44.
[7]易祖坤,蒋海,杨亚东.人工神经网络复合压裂选井选层中的应用[J].西部探矿工程,1997(9)：53-55.
[8]刘长印,孔令飞,张国英,等.人工智能系统在压裂选井选层方面的应用[J].钻采工艺,2003,26(1)：37-38.
[9]张国东,林辉,李运辉.GM(1,N)灰色模型在压裂井评井选层中的应用[J].天然气工业,2002,22(3)：31-34.
[8]李静群,赵忠诚.对老油田井重复压裂增产措施的认识[J].长庆石油经济,2002,(2)：41-44.
[9]赵祥生,柯仲华.高能气体压裂在安塞油田的应用[J].石油钻采工艺,1992,14(6)：57-58.
[10]王成旺,范文敏,陆红军.长庆油田老井增产增注工艺技术研究与应用[J].油气井测试,2007,12(16)：63-67.
[11]杨永超.高压水射流解堵技术在中原油田的应用[J].试采技术,1998,19(4)33-35.
[12]杨兵,王福旺.水力割缝技术在油田开发中的应用[J].油气井测试,2002,11(4)：25-26.
[13]王鸿勋.水力压裂原理[M].北京：石油工业出版社,1987：46-52.
[14]王鸿勋,张琪.采油工艺原理[M].北京：石油工艺出版社,1990：205-214.
[15]张向阳,师国际.沙埝油田低渗透储层的压裂改造效果评价[J].新疆石油天然气2006,2(2)：68-73.
[16]闫庆来,何求选.低渗透油田开发技术[M].北京：石油工业出版社,1994：75-82.
[17]李四军.江汉油田低渗透储层提高压裂效果技术对策[J].石油天然气学报,2006,28(3)：355-356.
[18]吉得利JL.水力压裂技术新发展[M].蒋阗,单文文译.北京：石油工业出版社1995：37-54.
[19]王宇,郎学军,刘洪升.户部寨地区Es23—Es43段压裂损害机理与地层保护[J].断块油气田,7(2)：57-58.
[20]K.D.Mahrerand, W.W.Aud, J.T.Hansen.Far-Field Hy-draulic Fracture GeometryAchanging Paradigm[J].SPE36441,1996:57-58.
[21]A.Chudnovsky,J.Fan,Y.Shulkin,J.W.DudleyIIJ, Shlyapobersky, R.Schraufnagel.A new Hydraulic Fracture Tip Me chanismina Statistically Homogeneous Medium[J].SPE36442,1996:36-42.
[22]JiangTingxue, WangXugang, ShanWenwenetal.A new compre-hensive hydraulic fracturing technology to minimize formation dam-agein low permeability reservoirs[J].SPE82222,2003:36-42.
[23]C.E.Cooke,Jr.Effect of fracturing fluids on fracture conductivity[J].SPE, 1975:1273-1282.
[24]Pye,K.s., Smith W.a.Fluid lossaddi-tive seriously reduces fracture proppant con-ductivity and formation permeability[J].SPE4680,1973:10.
[25]刘洪升,王俊英,党民芳.水力压裂支撑裂缝损害机理试验研究断块油气田[J].2001,5：46-48.
[26]AblbO, MorettiFJ, CenMetal.Application of geological modeling and reservoir simulation to the west Saertu Areaofthe Daqing oil field [J].SPE Reservoir Evaluation& Engineering,1991(Feb.):99-106.
[27]Donald PW.New method forrepresenting multiple wells with arbitrary rates in numerical reservoir simulation[J].SPE Reser-voir Evaluation&Engineering, 1995(Nov.):253-257.
[28]Stalk up FL, Crane SD.Reservoir description detail required to predict solvent and water saturation satan observation Well[J].SPE Reservoir Evaluation&Engineering,1994(Feb.):35-43.
[29]MahendraKV, MichelB, LucienneB.Evaluatio nofresidual oil saturation after water flood in a carbonate reservoir[J].SPE Reservoir Evaluation&Engineering, 1994(Nov):247-253.
[30]Thakur GC.Water flood surveillance techniques-Are servoir manage mentapproach[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,1991,10:1180.
[31]Horne RN.Relative roductivities and Pressure Transient Modeling of Horizontal Wells with Multiple Fractures[J].SPE29891,1995:253-257.
[32]官长质,杨静波.压裂作业中的保护油气层技术[J].压裂酸化技术论文集,2004,11(3)：51-53.
[33]C.E.Cooke,Jr.Effect of fracturing fluids on fracture conductivity[J].SPE1975:1273-128.
[34]张兆林,潘晓霞.安丰油田开发后期挖潜技术[J].油气地质与采油率,2004,11(3)：51-53.
[35]冈秦麟.高含水油田改善水驱效果新技术[M].北京：石油工业出版社1999：36-42.
[36]PushkarA,HallFL, Acha-DazaJA.Estimation of speeds from single-loop freeway flow and occupancy data using cuspcatast rophe theory model[J].Transportation Research Record1457, TRB,National ResearchCounci lWashington,D.C.1994:149-157.
[37]D.S.Pope, L.K.Leung, J.Gulbis.粘滞指进对裂缝导流能力的影响[J].国外油田工程,1997,12：149-152.
[38]郑志,马达波,刘建山,等.树脂涂层砂压裂封口技术在辽河油田的研究与应用[J].压裂酸化技术论文集：164-166.