黄芩苷在黄芩植株体内积累规律的研究
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摘要
为了解黄芩植株体内黄芩苷的合成积累规律及其影响因素，达到控制或提高栽培药材质量的目的，我们采用种子发芽与盆栽方式，利用高效毛细管电泳、高效液相色谱等手段，研究了黄芩苷在黄芩植株各器官中的分布及生长时间、温度、光照、营养元素等因素对黄芩苷含量的影响。结果表明：黄芩种子不含黄芩苷，植株其它器官中均含有，但含量多少依次为：根>花>叶>茎，主根>侧根>支根，韧皮部>木质部；种子萌发至子叶展开时，黄芩苷才开始产生，随着幼苗不断长大含量逐步提高，一年生植株的生长时间越长，根中黄芩苷的含量越高：光照具有促进黄芩苷合成的作用，光照条件下生长幼苗中的黄芩苷含量显著高于黑暗条件下生长者，光照越强，植株根部的黄芩苷含量越高；温度对黄芩苷的合成也有影响，以25℃最适。补充营养元素能促进黄芩苷合成，在种子发芽时以钾肥和氮磷复合肥的促进作用最大，对砂培植株来讲，铜有抑制作用，而磷、钾等元素有促进作用；在植株营养状况较差的情况下，补充蔗糖与葡萄糖能够提高黄芩苷含量，正常植株补充蔗糖与葡萄糖时，黄芩苷的含量有所降低；黄芩苷含量与可溶性蛋白质含量之间具有一定的相关性，在种子萌发幼苗生长期间为明显的负相关性，在施肥补充营养元素后为明显的正相关性：各器官均有过氧化物酶存在，但POD酶谱中的带1，只存在于根中，在茎、叶及花中存在较少或不存在，既使在根中也会因生长时间不同而存在谱带宽度的差异；不同产地种子的蛋白电泳图谱有明显差异，证明其遗传性发生了变化。
To control and improve the quantity of the medicinal material by understanding baicalin accumulating law in the Scutellaria baicalensis georgi and external factors on accumulating baicalin, we studied baicalin distributing law in individual organs and the external factors to the content of baicalin such as temperature, light, fertilizer, and so forth. The content of baicalin during germinating of seeds was monitored by HPLC and HPCE. Individual tissues and segments of particular organs differ in their ability to accumulate secondary products. Therefore, particular organs, individual parts and different level radix were our studying objects. Moreover, PAGE was used to indicate the changes of POD in the different growth phases and individual organs of the plant. Histochemistry method was also used to determine baicalin content in different parts.
Studies have shown that the baicalin is in every organ rather than in the seeds; the content of baicalin in radix is higher than that of flowers, then in leaves and then in stems; That in taproot is highest, in turn is sideroot, and fibreroot; The content in phloem is higher than that of xylem. The results have also demonstrated that baicalin begins to produce in the seventh day during germination of seeds and increases with the growth of young plant; Light accelerates the synthesis of baicalin, that is to say, the stronger the light is, the higher the content is. Besides light, temperature also has effects and 25C is the best temperature to the synthesis of baicalin; Fertilizer is also an important external factor to increase the content; the better fertilizer is one containing K+ and compound one containing N and P during germinating of seeds; Cu2+ restrains the baicalin synthesis of the plant cultured in sands, on the other hand, P and K elements increase the content of baicalin; sugars make different eff
ects on different conditions; the content of protein and baicalin in linear correlation during germination of seeds; baicalin in the plant is in relation
with band 1 of peroxidase(POD).
To control and improve the quantity of the medicinal material by understanding baicalin accumulating law in the Scutellaria baicalensis georgi and external factors on accumulating baicalin, we studied baicalin distributing law in individual organs and the external factors to the content of baicalin such as temperature, light, fertilizer, and so forth. The content of baicalin during germinating of seeds was monitored by HPLC and HPCE. Individual tissues and segments of particular organs differ in their ability to accumulate secondary products. Therefore, particular organs, individual parts and different level radix were our studying objects. Moreover, PAGE was used to indicate the changes of POD in the different growth phases and individual organs of the plant. Histochemistry method was also used to determine baicalin content in different parts.
Studies have shown that the baicalin is in every organ rather than in the seeds; the content of baicalin in radix is higher than that of flowers, then in leaves and then in stems; That in taproot is highest, in turn is sideroot, and fibreroot; The content in phloem is higher than that of xylem. The results have also demonstrated that baicalin begins to produce in the seventh day during germination of seeds and increases with the growth of young plant; Light accelerates the synthesis of baicalin, that is to say, the stronger the light is, the higher the content is. Besides light, temperature also has effects and 25C is the best temperature to the synthesis of baicalin; Fertilizer is also an important external factor to increase the content; the better fertilizer is one containing K+ and compound one containing N and P during germinating of seeds; Cu2+ restrains the baicalin synthesis of the plant cultured in sands, on the other hand, P and K elements increase the content of baicalin; sugars make different eff
ects on different conditions; the content of protein and baicalin in linear correlation during germination of seeds; baicalin in the plant is in relation
with band 1 of peroxidase(POD).
引文
[1]国家药典委员会．中华人民共和国药典(一部)[M]．北京：化学工业出版社，2000
[2]邹琦．植物生理生化实验指导[M]．北京：中国农业出版社，1997：78—82
[3]韩凤梅，程智勇，杨新，等．高效毛细管电泳法分离测定黄芩复方制剂中的黄芩苷[J]．色谱，2000，18(3)：280—282
[4]赵世杰，刘华山，董新纯．植物生理学实验指导[M]．北京：中国农业科技出版社，1998：123-125
[5]Fuglevand G. Jackson JA, Jenkins GL (1996). UV-B, UV-A, and blue light signal transduction pathways interact synergistically to regulate chalcone synthase gene expression in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell.1996,(8):2347-2357
[6]蒋选利，李振岐，康振生．过氧化物酶与植物抗病性研究进展[J]．西北农林科技大学学报，2001，29(6)：124-129
[7]Zaprometovmetov, M. N.. (1977). Flavonoids Bioflavonoids, proc.Hung..Bioflavonoid Symp., 1977, (5):257-269.
[8]Huang Hongwen, Fenny Dane, Jiang Zhongwang Inheritance and Diverisity of PGI in Chestrut [J].Journal of Wuhan Botanical Reseache, 1999, 17(1):1-4.
[9]Wellmann, E. (1974).Ber.Dtsch.Bot.Ges., 1974(87),275-279
[10]袁艺，李纯，卢配玲，等．紫萁发育过程中的过氧化物酶同工酶的研究[J]．安徽农业大学学报，2000，27(1)：94—96
[11]谢小群，高山林．黄芩过氧化酶同工酶电泳和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性分析植[J]．物资源与环境学报，2002，11(1)：5—8
[12]程柯，程惠贞，王厚麟，等．几种红树植物叶片中过氧化物酶同工酶[J]．广州师院学报(自然科学版)，2000，21(5)：1—3，7
[13]黄青，何和明．几种药用植物过氧化物酶同工酶的比较分析[J]．中国野生植物资源，1999，18(2)：32—35
[2]邹琦．植物生理生化实验指导[M]．北京：中国农业出版社，1997：78—82
[3]韩凤梅，程智勇，杨新，等．高效毛细管电泳法分离测定黄芩复方制剂中的黄芩苷[J]．色谱，2000，18(3)：280—282
[4]赵世杰，刘华山，董新纯．植物生理学实验指导[M]．北京：中国农业科技出版社，1998：123-125
[5]Fuglevand G. Jackson JA, Jenkins GL (1996). UV-B, UV-A, and blue light signal transduction pathways interact synergistically to regulate chalcone synthase gene expression in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell.1996,(8):2347-2357
[6]蒋选利，李振岐，康振生．过氧化物酶与植物抗病性研究进展[J]．西北农林科技大学学报，2001，29(6)：124-129
[7]Zaprometovmetov, M. N.. (1977). Flavonoids Bioflavonoids, proc.Hung..Bioflavonoid Symp., 1977, (5):257-269.
[8]Huang Hongwen, Fenny Dane, Jiang Zhongwang Inheritance and Diverisity of PGI in Chestrut [J].Journal of Wuhan Botanical Reseache, 1999, 17(1):1-4.
[9]Wellmann, E. (1974).Ber.Dtsch.Bot.Ges., 1974(87),275-279
[10]袁艺，李纯，卢配玲，等．紫萁发育过程中的过氧化物酶同工酶的研究[J]．安徽农业大学学报，2000，27(1)：94—96
[11]谢小群，高山林．黄芩过氧化酶同工酶电泳和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性分析植[J]．物资源与环境学报，2002，11(1)：5—8
[12]程柯，程惠贞，王厚麟，等．几种红树植物叶片中过氧化物酶同工酶[J]．广州师院学报(自然科学版)，2000，21(5)：1—3，7
[13]黄青，何和明．几种药用植物过氧化物酶同工酶的比较分析[J]．中国野生植物资源，1999，18(2)：32—35