雨天溢流污水就地处理工艺开发及处理装置CFD模拟研究
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摘要
随着我国城市化进程的加快，城市雨天溢流污染问题日益凸现，雨天溢流污水含大量污染物质，若未经有效处理直接排放水体，将严重破坏水环境并危及人体健康。
根据上海市西干线雨天污水溢流的水质情况，研制一套采用强化絮凝+高效沉淀工艺的装置处理雨天溢流污水，对装置各单元的设计进行了介绍和分析，应用管道静态混合器取代传统混合池单元，设置导流筒强化反应池絮凝效果，增设斜管和悬浮填料提高沉淀池沉淀效率，采用fluent商业软件对装置沉淀单元流态进行模拟优化。
现场搭建溢流污水中试处理装置，考察各种相关因素对其的影响，捕获不同雨型进行现场试验，验证装置处理效能。分别对旱流污水、小雨情况混接雨污水、中强降雨混接雨污水和暴雨溢流污水、梅雨持续雨天、冬春季节持续降雨等工况进行了试验研究，装置能较大幅度地削减SS、TP和COD等各项污染物，有效控制雨天溢流污水对水体的污染。处理暴雨条件下雨天溢流污水，SS、浊度、TP和COD平均去除率分别达到82％、79％、77％和69％以上，装置沉淀池表面水力负荷可达32m~3／h.m~2，为普通沉淀池表面水力负荷的10倍以上。
分别考察装置污泥回流、沉淀池水力负荷和药剂投加点与出水水质的关系和影响，讨论底流排放措施、沉淀池设置斜管、管道混合器应用等各种措施对出水水质的改善情况。污泥回流在溢流污染控制中不建议采用，药剂最优投加点为反应池进水口部位，出水SS浓度随出水流速即沉淀池水力负荷的增加而上升，水质其他指标相应升高；装置底流排放措施是控制多余溢流污水的有效措施；
沉淀池斜管的设置主要起整流和泥水分离作用；管道混合器取代传统混合池单元，减少了混合池设施及其搅拌设备，防止药剂投加过程携带或混入空气，有效控制了反应池和沉淀池出现浮渣，改善沉淀池出水水质。
启动响应时间是溢流污水处理装置的重要指标，结合自主开发的溢流污水高效处理装置，研究了装置在不同启动方式下的响应时间及影响因素。研究表明，干式启动时装置响应时间达25～30min，响应时间内出水水质较差，浊度高达120NTU以上，SS浓度也在100mg/L以上；湿式启动运行时，装置响应时间为10min左右，响应时间内出水水质良好，出水浊度60NTU左右，SS浓度小于60mg/L。处理溢流污水时应采用湿式启动方式，以有效削减初期溢流污染。
对斜管滤料沉淀池的处理功能进行了探讨，在斜管上部加设滤料，利用滤料层稳定水流，拦截絮体；实验表明，提高沉淀池水力负荷，沉淀池较难出现矾花跑冒现象，出水效果较好，出水稳定，该措施能有效提高了沉淀池的处理负荷。
借助大型计算流体力学Fluent软件，采用标准κ-ε两方程湍流模型，对装置沉淀单元进行了数值模拟，发现目前运行的沉淀装置存在严重的回流区及其较大的死区。通过分析沉淀池中水流的运动规律，在沉淀池进水堰下方设置挡板，重新进行计算后表明，沉淀池流态较前模型合理，改善了沉淀池流态。
开发的高效溢流污水处理装置启动快，处理负荷高，耐水力冲击，出水水质稳定；处理单元少，结构紧凑，占地面积小，运行操作简单；污泥可回流入污水管网，减少了污泥处理设施，可推广应用于国内多雨城市溢流污染控制中。
With the accelerated urbanization of China, the Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs) pollution had become increasingly serious. The CSOs contained a large number of pollutants that would seriously damage the environment and threaten to the human health if they were directly discharged into rivers without any effective treatment.
According to the water quality of the wet sewer overflow from the Iranian wastewater transfer pipes in Shanghai, a set of device to treat the overflow was developed using the enhanced flocculation combined with the high-efficiency sedimentation. The design ideas, the mechanism and functions of the device were introduced. The pipeline static mixer were applied to replace the traditional mixing unit, the draft-tube was installed to rearrange the flow and enhance flocculation process . The inclined tubes and the suspended filters were added in the settling tank to improve the sedimentation efficiency. Moreover, the software FLUENT was used to simulate and optimize the flow status in the sedimentation unit.
Pilot experiments were conducted to treat the wet sewer overflow on-site. The relevant influence factors were investigated. Different kinds of wet sewer overflows in various weather conditions were researched. The flow of dry weather, drizzly day, strong rainfall, or storm even that in Meiyu period and winter season with persistent rainfall were treated by the polit device. The results showed that the device could greatly reduce SS, TP, COD and other pollutants, effectively control the wet sewer overflow pollution. The removal rate of SS, turbidity, TP and COD of the storm overflow reached 82%,79%, 77% and 69% on average, respectively. The surface hydraulic load of the sedimentation tank could reach 32m~3/h.m~2 that is 10 times more than the general precipitation used in wastewater plant.
The impacts of sludge recycling, the surface hydraulic load of the sedimentation and the pharmaceutical dosage positions on the water quality were investigated. It was to find out whether such measures as the underflow emissions, inclined tubes adding in sedimentation unit, the channel mixer application could improve outflow quality. Sludge recycling was not recommended in the overflow pollution control. The optimal pharmaceutical dosage point should set at the inlet pipe of the reaction tank. The concentration of effluent SS and other water quality index were increased with the hydraulic load of sedimentation unit. Underflow discharge could effectively control redundant sewage overflow.
The main functions of the inclined tubes in the sedimentation unit are to rectifier the flow and improve the water-solid separation. The applying of pipeline static mixer could reduce the mixed pool and relevant mixing equipments and prevent the pharmaceutical dosage from mixing with the air, which was effectively reduced the scum in the reaction unit and the sedimentation unit and improved outflow quality.
The respondent time of the device in different start-up modes and its impact factors were researched. The results showed that the respondent time was 25～30min in the dry mode start-up and the effluent quality was not so good. The NTU and SS reached to 120 degrees and 100mg/L, respectively. However, with the wet mode start-up, the respondent time was about 10min. The effluent quality was satisfactory. The NTU was about 60 degrees and the SS was less than 60mg/L during the start-up period. The wet mode start-up was recommended to apply in control with the wet sew overflow pollution.
Suspended filters were placed upper the inclined tubes to intercept the floc in the upflow. The performance of inclined tube combined filters sediment tank was investigated. Results showed the new sedimentation tank could increase the surface hydraulic load and greatly reduce the flocs in the effluent. Good and stable effluent quality was achieved.
The flow-field distribution in the sedimentation unit of the device was simulated by FLUENT using theκ-εtwo equations model. Serious back-flow and large hydraulic dead zones were found. Based on the analysis, the baffle plate was decided to set under the weir of the inlet zone, at the left of the tank bottom. The simulated result of the modified tank was showed that the flow-field distribution was much more reasonable than the old one.
The high-efficiency sewer overflow treatment device had a lot of advantages, such as quick start-up, high treating capacity, hydraulic Shock-Resistant, stable effluent quality, simple and compact treatment units, small occupied area, and easy operation and so on. Furthermore, the sludge produced by the device could flow back into the sewage pipeline, so the sludge treatment facilities were not necessary. The device can be used to control the wet sewer overflow pollution effectively in those rainy cities.
根据上海市西干线雨天污水溢流的水质情况，研制一套采用强化絮凝+高效沉淀工艺的装置处理雨天溢流污水，对装置各单元的设计进行了介绍和分析，应用管道静态混合器取代传统混合池单元，设置导流筒强化反应池絮凝效果，增设斜管和悬浮填料提高沉淀池沉淀效率，采用fluent商业软件对装置沉淀单元流态进行模拟优化。
现场搭建溢流污水中试处理装置，考察各种相关因素对其的影响，捕获不同雨型进行现场试验，验证装置处理效能。分别对旱流污水、小雨情况混接雨污水、中强降雨混接雨污水和暴雨溢流污水、梅雨持续雨天、冬春季节持续降雨等工况进行了试验研究，装置能较大幅度地削减SS、TP和COD等各项污染物，有效控制雨天溢流污水对水体的污染。处理暴雨条件下雨天溢流污水，SS、浊度、TP和COD平均去除率分别达到82％、79％、77％和69％以上，装置沉淀池表面水力负荷可达32m~3／h.m~2，为普通沉淀池表面水力负荷的10倍以上。
分别考察装置污泥回流、沉淀池水力负荷和药剂投加点与出水水质的关系和影响，讨论底流排放措施、沉淀池设置斜管、管道混合器应用等各种措施对出水水质的改善情况。污泥回流在溢流污染控制中不建议采用，药剂最优投加点为反应池进水口部位，出水SS浓度随出水流速即沉淀池水力负荷的增加而上升，水质其他指标相应升高；装置底流排放措施是控制多余溢流污水的有效措施；
沉淀池斜管的设置主要起整流和泥水分离作用；管道混合器取代传统混合池单元，减少了混合池设施及其搅拌设备，防止药剂投加过程携带或混入空气，有效控制了反应池和沉淀池出现浮渣，改善沉淀池出水水质。
启动响应时间是溢流污水处理装置的重要指标，结合自主开发的溢流污水高效处理装置，研究了装置在不同启动方式下的响应时间及影响因素。研究表明，干式启动时装置响应时间达25～30min，响应时间内出水水质较差，浊度高达120NTU以上，SS浓度也在100mg/L以上；湿式启动运行时，装置响应时间为10min左右，响应时间内出水水质良好，出水浊度60NTU左右，SS浓度小于60mg/L。处理溢流污水时应采用湿式启动方式，以有效削减初期溢流污染。
对斜管滤料沉淀池的处理功能进行了探讨，在斜管上部加设滤料，利用滤料层稳定水流，拦截絮体；实验表明，提高沉淀池水力负荷，沉淀池较难出现矾花跑冒现象，出水效果较好，出水稳定，该措施能有效提高了沉淀池的处理负荷。
借助大型计算流体力学Fluent软件，采用标准κ-ε两方程湍流模型，对装置沉淀单元进行了数值模拟，发现目前运行的沉淀装置存在严重的回流区及其较大的死区。通过分析沉淀池中水流的运动规律，在沉淀池进水堰下方设置挡板，重新进行计算后表明，沉淀池流态较前模型合理，改善了沉淀池流态。
开发的高效溢流污水处理装置启动快，处理负荷高，耐水力冲击，出水水质稳定；处理单元少，结构紧凑，占地面积小，运行操作简单；污泥可回流入污水管网，减少了污泥处理设施，可推广应用于国内多雨城市溢流污染控制中。
With the accelerated urbanization of China, the Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs) pollution had become increasingly serious. The CSOs contained a large number of pollutants that would seriously damage the environment and threaten to the human health if they were directly discharged into rivers without any effective treatment.
According to the water quality of the wet sewer overflow from the Iranian wastewater transfer pipes in Shanghai, a set of device to treat the overflow was developed using the enhanced flocculation combined with the high-efficiency sedimentation. The design ideas, the mechanism and functions of the device were introduced. The pipeline static mixer were applied to replace the traditional mixing unit, the draft-tube was installed to rearrange the flow and enhance flocculation process . The inclined tubes and the suspended filters were added in the settling tank to improve the sedimentation efficiency. Moreover, the software FLUENT was used to simulate and optimize the flow status in the sedimentation unit.
Pilot experiments were conducted to treat the wet sewer overflow on-site. The relevant influence factors were investigated. Different kinds of wet sewer overflows in various weather conditions were researched. The flow of dry weather, drizzly day, strong rainfall, or storm even that in Meiyu period and winter season with persistent rainfall were treated by the polit device. The results showed that the device could greatly reduce SS, TP, COD and other pollutants, effectively control the wet sewer overflow pollution. The removal rate of SS, turbidity, TP and COD of the storm overflow reached 82%,79%, 77% and 69% on average, respectively. The surface hydraulic load of the sedimentation tank could reach 32m~3/h.m~2 that is 10 times more than the general precipitation used in wastewater plant.
The impacts of sludge recycling, the surface hydraulic load of the sedimentation and the pharmaceutical dosage positions on the water quality were investigated. It was to find out whether such measures as the underflow emissions, inclined tubes adding in sedimentation unit, the channel mixer application could improve outflow quality. Sludge recycling was not recommended in the overflow pollution control. The optimal pharmaceutical dosage point should set at the inlet pipe of the reaction tank. The concentration of effluent SS and other water quality index were increased with the hydraulic load of sedimentation unit. Underflow discharge could effectively control redundant sewage overflow.
The main functions of the inclined tubes in the sedimentation unit are to rectifier the flow and improve the water-solid separation. The applying of pipeline static mixer could reduce the mixed pool and relevant mixing equipments and prevent the pharmaceutical dosage from mixing with the air, which was effectively reduced the scum in the reaction unit and the sedimentation unit and improved outflow quality.
The respondent time of the device in different start-up modes and its impact factors were researched. The results showed that the respondent time was 25～30min in the dry mode start-up and the effluent quality was not so good. The NTU and SS reached to 120 degrees and 100mg/L, respectively. However, with the wet mode start-up, the respondent time was about 10min. The effluent quality was satisfactory. The NTU was about 60 degrees and the SS was less than 60mg/L during the start-up period. The wet mode start-up was recommended to apply in control with the wet sew overflow pollution.
Suspended filters were placed upper the inclined tubes to intercept the floc in the upflow. The performance of inclined tube combined filters sediment tank was investigated. Results showed the new sedimentation tank could increase the surface hydraulic load and greatly reduce the flocs in the effluent. Good and stable effluent quality was achieved.
The flow-field distribution in the sedimentation unit of the device was simulated by FLUENT using theκ-εtwo equations model. Serious back-flow and large hydraulic dead zones were found. Based on the analysis, the baffle plate was decided to set under the weir of the inlet zone, at the left of the tank bottom. The simulated result of the modified tank was showed that the flow-field distribution was much more reasonable than the old one.
The high-efficiency sewer overflow treatment device had a lot of advantages, such as quick start-up, high treating capacity, hydraulic Shock-Resistant, stable effluent quality, simple and compact treatment units, small occupied area, and easy operation and so on. Furthermore, the sludge produced by the device could flow back into the sewage pipeline, so the sludge treatment facilities were not necessary. The device can be used to control the wet sewer overflow pollution effectively in those rainy cities.
引文
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