基于MATLAB的温室作物适宜环境参数优化与调控技术研究
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摘要
设施农业是现代化农业的基本特征和必然趋势,作为高新技术产业,是世界各国用以提供新鲜农产品的重要技术措施。随着社会的进步和科技发展,设施农业已成为国民经济中的支柱产业。然而,长期以来,如何改善生产条件、调节和控制温室环境、最大限度地降低能耗、提高温室能源利用率和生产效率一直是温室产业发展面临的主要问题。本文在综述国内外已有文献资料的基础上,通过理论分析与试验研究确定影响温室环境主要因素,并对影响温室环境因子的设施条件和环境因子对作物生长的影响进行了试验研究,确定影响番茄评价指标的环境因素(温度、相对湿度、光照强度)的最优组合,并对影响作物生长的环境参数进行了多目标优化求解。通过研究设施条件对环境参数影响,改进温室设施,并设计温室环境调控系统,并以番茄、黄瓜为例,作出了经济最优目标的对比性试验。
论文主要工作及研究成果:
1.通过单因素试验研究了温室环境因子(光照、温度、湿度)对番茄根、茎、叶片、果径、果实干重、果实鲜重、作物长势的影响,确定了二次回归的通用旋转组合设计的试验因素及适合的变化范围。
2.采用二次回归的通用旋转组合设计的试验方法,选择番茄鲜重、干重、产投比作为评价指标,分别确定了开花到结果时期环境影响因素(温度、湿度、光照强度)的最优参数组合。根据试验得出的鲜重、干重和产投比的方程,运用方差法和权值法进行目标函数的统一,将主观赋权法中的AHP法和客观赋权法中的熵值法、均方差法结合到一起,得到一个主客观综合赋权法,该权值综合反映了主客观评价程度,其权值结果更具有可靠性;运用MATLAB软件对这三个目标函数进行多目标优化求解,并用三维实体上的颜色来描述函数值的变化情况,绘出三维实体的四维切片色图,当目标达到最优时,x_1=0.49(实际温度值23.9℃);x_2=0.46(实际相对湿度值79.6%):x_3=1.628(实际光照强度值71klx),最优解为f~*=59.5。
3.试验研究了温室内环境因子的变化规律和不同设施条件对温室环境参数的影响。通过研究温室覆盖层材料、内保温幕设置、灌溉条件对温室环境参数影响程度,确定了温室设施的合理选择与设计。
4.应用模糊控制理论和方法,对温室环境控制系统硬件进行了设计,确定系统的总体电路结构,包括系统的核心部分,扩展部分及配置部分,选择合适的传感器、控制芯片等器件。进行整个系统的软件设计,系统软件选用C语言进行编程,采用了模块化的程序设计方法,各程序模块相互独立,使软件具有扩展性强、维护方便、可靠性高的特点。
5.试验研究了温室内黄瓜生长的环境因素(温度、湿度、光照强度)对成本的影响,确定了温室环境因子的最佳参数组合。以番茄、黄瓜为研究对象,以经济最优目标——产投比作为评价指标进行决策,运用方差分析分别对番茄和黄瓜产投比的变化作显著性检验,在5%水平上差异均显著,说明设施的调整可以提高产投比。
The facility agriculture is a basic feature and inevitable trend of agriculture modernization.As a high-tech industry,it is an important technical measure to provide fresh products in all countries in the world.With social progress and technological development, facility agriculture has become a pillar industry in national economy.However,for a long time,how to improve production conditions,regulate and control greenhouse environment, minimize the energy consumption,improve energy efficiency and production efficiency has been a key problem of greenhouse industry development.Based on comprehensive analysis of facility agriculture and references,the experiment factors that affect greenhouse environment was conducted.Optimum parameters(temperature,relative humidity,light intensity) of microclimate system were studied,and the environment parameters that affect evaluating indicator of tomato in greenhouse were optimized.Based on Experimental study of the effect of facility conditions on environment parameters,conditions of greenhouse were improved. The regularity of soil moisture dynamics for greenhouse microclimate under the drop irrigation were studied.With the help of regularity mathematic models was created,and the drop irrigation was designed.Taken tomato and cucumber as sample,contrast experiment of economic optimization were studied.
Main research results of the study were as following:
1.Based on single factor experiment,the different factors such as light intensity, temperature,relative humidity and so on,influencing tomato root,stem,leafage,dry weight and fresh weight of fruit,and the growth of tomato,were analyzed systemically in greenhouse environment,and the main parameters and interval were determined in this paper.
2.Base on the method of general rotatory combination design quadratic regression,the experiment about the influence of parameters of microclimate(temperature,relative humidity, light intensity) upon the greenhouse fresh weight,dry weight,input/output of tomato were conducted during fructification,and optimum parameters of microclimate system were studied in this paper.The parameter optimizations have reached under optimization objective. Based on the test,the functions of fresh weight,dry weight and input/output were deduced in this paper.This model integrates the analytic hierarchy process method,entropy method and mean-variance method,and proposes a subjective and objective weighting method,which can not only reflect the objectivity and subjectivity of evaluation but also improve the reliability of weights.Based on MATLAB,multiobjective optimization of greenhouse environment parameter was put forward.By slice of three-dimensional produced four-dimensional images that expressed functions with changing in color.The optimization results show that the optimized combination of factors is temperature 23.9℃,relative humidity 79.6%and light intensity 71klx when optimum objective function,optimum solution is f~*=59.5.
3.The different conditions in greenhouse that impact on greenhouse environment and the altering regularity of factors of environment were studied.The influences of different covering materials,inside thermal screen and irrigation of different methods on environment inside greenhouse were studied,so facility conditions and design were conducted.With the application of creation of mathematics models,parameters for greenhouse environment were simulated by MATLAB and measured curve.
4.Hardware design of greenhouse fuzzy control system applies fuzzy control theory and method.It determines overall circuit structure,system hardcore section,expansion and configuration section,selection of right sensors and control chips included.Software design of greenhouse control system selects language C to program,it's readable and easy to update, meanwhile adopts modular programming method,each program module is mutual independent,the software has the advantages of extendibility,easy maintenance and high reliability.
5.Experimental study was conducted that affect economic optimization in greenhouse cucumber.The influence of parameters of microclimate(temperature,relative humidity,light intensity) upon the greenhouse input/output and optimum parameters of microclimate system were studied in this paper.Using variance analysis to make significance test of input/output of tomato and cucumber,difference are significance on the 5%level,which can be adjusted facilities to improve input/output.
论文主要工作及研究成果:
1.通过单因素试验研究了温室环境因子(光照、温度、湿度)对番茄根、茎、叶片、果径、果实干重、果实鲜重、作物长势的影响,确定了二次回归的通用旋转组合设计的试验因素及适合的变化范围。
2.采用二次回归的通用旋转组合设计的试验方法,选择番茄鲜重、干重、产投比作为评价指标,分别确定了开花到结果时期环境影响因素(温度、湿度、光照强度)的最优参数组合。根据试验得出的鲜重、干重和产投比的方程,运用方差法和权值法进行目标函数的统一,将主观赋权法中的AHP法和客观赋权法中的熵值法、均方差法结合到一起,得到一个主客观综合赋权法,该权值综合反映了主客观评价程度,其权值结果更具有可靠性;运用MATLAB软件对这三个目标函数进行多目标优化求解,并用三维实体上的颜色来描述函数值的变化情况,绘出三维实体的四维切片色图,当目标达到最优时,x_1=0.49(实际温度值23.9℃);x_2=0.46(实际相对湿度值79.6%):x_3=1.628(实际光照强度值71klx),最优解为f~*=59.5。
3.试验研究了温室内环境因子的变化规律和不同设施条件对温室环境参数的影响。通过研究温室覆盖层材料、内保温幕设置、灌溉条件对温室环境参数影响程度,确定了温室设施的合理选择与设计。
4.应用模糊控制理论和方法,对温室环境控制系统硬件进行了设计,确定系统的总体电路结构,包括系统的核心部分,扩展部分及配置部分,选择合适的传感器、控制芯片等器件。进行整个系统的软件设计,系统软件选用C语言进行编程,采用了模块化的程序设计方法,各程序模块相互独立,使软件具有扩展性强、维护方便、可靠性高的特点。
5.试验研究了温室内黄瓜生长的环境因素(温度、湿度、光照强度)对成本的影响,确定了温室环境因子的最佳参数组合。以番茄、黄瓜为研究对象,以经济最优目标——产投比作为评价指标进行决策,运用方差分析分别对番茄和黄瓜产投比的变化作显著性检验,在5%水平上差异均显著,说明设施的调整可以提高产投比。
The facility agriculture is a basic feature and inevitable trend of agriculture modernization.As a high-tech industry,it is an important technical measure to provide fresh products in all countries in the world.With social progress and technological development, facility agriculture has become a pillar industry in national economy.However,for a long time,how to improve production conditions,regulate and control greenhouse environment, minimize the energy consumption,improve energy efficiency and production efficiency has been a key problem of greenhouse industry development.Based on comprehensive analysis of facility agriculture and references,the experiment factors that affect greenhouse environment was conducted.Optimum parameters(temperature,relative humidity,light intensity) of microclimate system were studied,and the environment parameters that affect evaluating indicator of tomato in greenhouse were optimized.Based on Experimental study of the effect of facility conditions on environment parameters,conditions of greenhouse were improved. The regularity of soil moisture dynamics for greenhouse microclimate under the drop irrigation were studied.With the help of regularity mathematic models was created,and the drop irrigation was designed.Taken tomato and cucumber as sample,contrast experiment of economic optimization were studied.
Main research results of the study were as following:
1.Based on single factor experiment,the different factors such as light intensity, temperature,relative humidity and so on,influencing tomato root,stem,leafage,dry weight and fresh weight of fruit,and the growth of tomato,were analyzed systemically in greenhouse environment,and the main parameters and interval were determined in this paper.
2.Base on the method of general rotatory combination design quadratic regression,the experiment about the influence of parameters of microclimate(temperature,relative humidity, light intensity) upon the greenhouse fresh weight,dry weight,input/output of tomato were conducted during fructification,and optimum parameters of microclimate system were studied in this paper.The parameter optimizations have reached under optimization objective. Based on the test,the functions of fresh weight,dry weight and input/output were deduced in this paper.This model integrates the analytic hierarchy process method,entropy method and mean-variance method,and proposes a subjective and objective weighting method,which can not only reflect the objectivity and subjectivity of evaluation but also improve the reliability of weights.Based on MATLAB,multiobjective optimization of greenhouse environment parameter was put forward.By slice of three-dimensional produced four-dimensional images that expressed functions with changing in color.The optimization results show that the optimized combination of factors is temperature 23.9℃,relative humidity 79.6%and light intensity 71klx when optimum objective function,optimum solution is f~*=59.5.
3.The different conditions in greenhouse that impact on greenhouse environment and the altering regularity of factors of environment were studied.The influences of different covering materials,inside thermal screen and irrigation of different methods on environment inside greenhouse were studied,so facility conditions and design were conducted.With the application of creation of mathematics models,parameters for greenhouse environment were simulated by MATLAB and measured curve.
4.Hardware design of greenhouse fuzzy control system applies fuzzy control theory and method.It determines overall circuit structure,system hardcore section,expansion and configuration section,selection of right sensors and control chips included.Software design of greenhouse control system selects language C to program,it's readable and easy to update, meanwhile adopts modular programming method,each program module is mutual independent,the software has the advantages of extendibility,easy maintenance and high reliability.
5.Experimental study was conducted that affect economic optimization in greenhouse cucumber.The influence of parameters of microclimate(temperature,relative humidity,light intensity) upon the greenhouse input/output and optimum parameters of microclimate system were studied in this paper.Using variance analysis to make significance test of input/output of tomato and cucumber,difference are significance on the 5%level,which can be adjusted facilities to improve input/output.
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