冲刷对海洋平台桩基水平承载性能影响的研究
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摘要
近年来,随着我国乃至世界经济的发展,海洋石油的开发已然成为满足能源需求的一个焦点。在海洋石油的勘探开发过程中,海上自升式平台起着关键性作用。该类平台与普通作业平台相比,具有插桩入泥较浅、适于多种工作环境等特点。由于这些特点,该类平台被广泛地应用于水深不超过100米水域的钻井作业和修井作业等。然而,当这类平台桩基周围土体受到水流冲刷时,由于平台桩基水平承载力下降而可能发生事故,这在很大程度上影响着平台的安全性和稳定性。因此,开展平台冲刷条件下桩基水平承载力变化的研究将会对平台的安全监控起到重要作用。对此,本文主要做了以下工作：
(1)在国内外众多学者研究工作的基础上,对桩基水平承载力研究现状进行了总结。同时,还对平台桩基冲刷的研究现状进行了分析。在这些研究的基础上,结合实际情况计算了平台桩基的冲刷深度。
(2)对基于温克尔地基梁理论的p-y曲线法进行了相应的理论分析,并对桩的数学模型和接触面单元数学模型进行了简要分析。根据这些理论,将FLAC3D中计算桩基水平承载力的过程进行了简要的分析,并就群桩中单桩水平承载力的计算进行了分析。
(3)采用FLAC3D建立数值分析模型,对模型中单桩的水平承载力进行敏感性分析,包括：边界效应、长径比、土的弹性模量、模型的网格密度、接触面单元的粘聚力和摩擦角等。通过对比模型计算结果,来分析各种因素的敏感性。在分析Broms等人所作试验数据的基础上,根据敏感性分析所得到的结论建立数值模型,并选取相应的计算参数,对该试验进行了数值模拟分析。通过对比分析计算结果和试验结果,认为利用FLAC3D建立相应的模型可较好的模拟软粘土中水平荷载桩的变形。
(4)在模型桩的水平承载力参数敏感性分析的基础上,结合自升式平台资料,选取合适的冲刷深度和计算参数。采用FLAC3D建立模型,模拟分析初始冲刷和极限冲刷等几种冲刷状态,再通过对比分析模型计算结果,来研究不同冲刷深度对平台桩基水平承载力所造成的影响。
Recently, marine petroleum exploration and exploitation has alreadily focused on satisfying the requirements of energy for the development of economy of our country and even the world. And it plays a key role in the progress of exploration and exploration about Offshore Jack-up Platform, which has many characters such as shallower driving depth and suitable for a variety of work environment and so on, comparing to ordinary work platform. And because of these characters, it is widely applied to drilling operations and workover operations in the depth of water less than a hundred meters. However, when it is being scour from ocean current to the soil around pile foundation of the platform, there may be some accidents for the declined horizontal bearing capacity of the pile foundation. Therefore, when this kind of platform is being scour from ocean current to the soil around pile foundation, there may be some accidents for the declining horizontal bearing capacity of the pile foundation. Therefore, it will produce a large influence to the security monitor platform to develop the pile foundation's research of the changing horizontal bearing capacity under scour. In this paper, the main researching works include:
(1) It summaries research situation about horizontal bearing capacity of pile foundation on the basis of domestic and international scholars'studies and analyze research status on the pile foundation's scour. According to practical situation, it calculated the scour depth of pile foundation on these researches.
(2) It analyzes the corresponding theory of p-y curve method based on the foundation beam theory of Winkler and gives a brief analysis of mathematical model on pile and interface element. According to these theories, it briefly scribes the computing progress of pile foundation's horizontal bearing capacity of FLAC3D and single pile's horizontal bearing capacity of group piles.
(3) A sensitivity study is performed on deformation of single pile's model suffering horizontal loads from FLAC3D. And it includes various parameters: boundary effects, ratio of the pile's length to diameter, soil elastic modulus, mesh fineness, pile-soil adhesion and so on. And these parameters'analysis of sensitivity is made by comparing the results of model. According to the results of the sensitivity's analysis, it performs a numerical simulation analysis and selected calculating parameters based on the experimental research of Broms. Meantime, it makes a simulation analysis of the Brom's research. What's more, the good correspondence between the calculating results of models and field measurements indicates that the models of FLAC3D is suitable for simulating the deformation of laterally loaded pile in soft soil.
(4) Combined with the data of the Jack-up platform, it selected some suitable scour depths and model parameters based on the sensitivity analysis. And the established models of FLAC3D are used to simulate and analyze the different deformation of laterally loaded pile in some kinds of condition such as without scour and maximum scour and so on. According to compare the model's results, it studies the influence for the different two scour depth to pile foundation's horizontal bearing capacity.
(1)在国内外众多学者研究工作的基础上,对桩基水平承载力研究现状进行了总结。同时,还对平台桩基冲刷的研究现状进行了分析。在这些研究的基础上,结合实际情况计算了平台桩基的冲刷深度。
(2)对基于温克尔地基梁理论的p-y曲线法进行了相应的理论分析,并对桩的数学模型和接触面单元数学模型进行了简要分析。根据这些理论,将FLAC3D中计算桩基水平承载力的过程进行了简要的分析,并就群桩中单桩水平承载力的计算进行了分析。
(3)采用FLAC3D建立数值分析模型,对模型中单桩的水平承载力进行敏感性分析,包括：边界效应、长径比、土的弹性模量、模型的网格密度、接触面单元的粘聚力和摩擦角等。通过对比模型计算结果,来分析各种因素的敏感性。在分析Broms等人所作试验数据的基础上,根据敏感性分析所得到的结论建立数值模型,并选取相应的计算参数,对该试验进行了数值模拟分析。通过对比分析计算结果和试验结果,认为利用FLAC3D建立相应的模型可较好的模拟软粘土中水平荷载桩的变形。
(4)在模型桩的水平承载力参数敏感性分析的基础上,结合自升式平台资料,选取合适的冲刷深度和计算参数。采用FLAC3D建立模型,模拟分析初始冲刷和极限冲刷等几种冲刷状态,再通过对比分析模型计算结果,来研究不同冲刷深度对平台桩基水平承载力所造成的影响。
Recently, marine petroleum exploration and exploitation has alreadily focused on satisfying the requirements of energy for the development of economy of our country and even the world. And it plays a key role in the progress of exploration and exploration about Offshore Jack-up Platform, which has many characters such as shallower driving depth and suitable for a variety of work environment and so on, comparing to ordinary work platform. And because of these characters, it is widely applied to drilling operations and workover operations in the depth of water less than a hundred meters. However, when it is being scour from ocean current to the soil around pile foundation of the platform, there may be some accidents for the declined horizontal bearing capacity of the pile foundation. Therefore, when this kind of platform is being scour from ocean current to the soil around pile foundation, there may be some accidents for the declining horizontal bearing capacity of the pile foundation. Therefore, it will produce a large influence to the security monitor platform to develop the pile foundation's research of the changing horizontal bearing capacity under scour. In this paper, the main researching works include:
(1) It summaries research situation about horizontal bearing capacity of pile foundation on the basis of domestic and international scholars'studies and analyze research status on the pile foundation's scour. According to practical situation, it calculated the scour depth of pile foundation on these researches.
(2) It analyzes the corresponding theory of p-y curve method based on the foundation beam theory of Winkler and gives a brief analysis of mathematical model on pile and interface element. According to these theories, it briefly scribes the computing progress of pile foundation's horizontal bearing capacity of FLAC3D and single pile's horizontal bearing capacity of group piles.
(3) A sensitivity study is performed on deformation of single pile's model suffering horizontal loads from FLAC3D. And it includes various parameters: boundary effects, ratio of the pile's length to diameter, soil elastic modulus, mesh fineness, pile-soil adhesion and so on. And these parameters'analysis of sensitivity is made by comparing the results of model. According to the results of the sensitivity's analysis, it performs a numerical simulation analysis and selected calculating parameters based on the experimental research of Broms. Meantime, it makes a simulation analysis of the Brom's research. What's more, the good correspondence between the calculating results of models and field measurements indicates that the models of FLAC3D is suitable for simulating the deformation of laterally loaded pile in soft soil.
(4) Combined with the data of the Jack-up platform, it selected some suitable scour depths and model parameters based on the sensitivity analysis. And the established models of FLAC3D are used to simulate and analyze the different deformation of laterally loaded pile in some kinds of condition such as without scour and maximum scour and so on. According to compare the model's results, it studies the influence for the different two scour depth to pile foundation's horizontal bearing capacity.
引文
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