AIS技术在VTS系统中的应用研究
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摘要
为了实现船舶航行的安全性，航运技术发展到目前，主要采取两个方面措施，一方面是船靠港时依赖于船舶交管系统VTS，另一方面是船与船操作时依赖于船舶避碰规则。而雷达一直作为这两个方面主要的观测设备，用来监测和识别船舶。虽然随着技术的进步，雷达的性能得到了一定的提高，但始终难以克服其自身的局限性。随着通信技术和计算机技术的飞速发展，应运而生的AIS技术显示出了卓越的优势。
AIS系统提供了前所未有的船舶标识信息和高实时性的精确的船舶运动参数。它与当前的雷达相比具有提供信息量大，准确性高，实时性好(适用于高速船)，抗干扰能力强和越障碍传输等优点，AIS系统将会给海上船舶监视带来革命性的进步。
国外在AIS技术方面已经做了大量的研究工作，技术标准不断更新。而国内在这方面的研究却很少，相关资料缺乏。为了跟踪国际AIS的发展动态，以及掌握AIS技术的应用，本论文将研究AIS系统的技术特点，提出了AIS技术如何应用于现有的VTS系统的思想，并根据国际上发布的AIS技术特性标准来搭建一个试验仿真平台来辅以说明。本文提出的理论思路和仿真技术可以为今后的产品开发做先期研究。本论文主要包括以下的内容：
1、对MS信息特点、信息格式和数据传输进行了重点研究，尤其对AIS技术在VTS中如何应用进行了较详细的讨论，提出了AIS技术作为现有VTS系统补充的思想：这里具体提出了AIS基站网络系统的建设方案；同时提出了如何利用AIS数据、VTS雷达数据实现最优船舶识别和跟踪的思想。
2、论文仿真系统分两部分：VTS系统对AIS信息数据的自动采集；以及模拟VTS显示平台用AIS数据精确识别和跟踪船舶。系统仿真可以说明利用AIS信息补充雷达信息的优点。
Making a comprehensive survey of the developing shipping technology history, there are mainly two ways to increase the security of the vessels' navigating in the sea recently: one is depending on the VTS when ships arrive at harbors; the other one is depending on the rules of vessel collision resolution when ships navigating in the sea. Radar is regarded as the mainly observation equipment of the two approaches which is used to supervise and identify ships. Although the function of radar keeping on being improved, its disadvantages are still exist. With the rapid developing of technology of communication and computers, AIS is born to live and will be stronger and stronger.
AIS has provided the unprecedented vessels tag information and high real time and accurate parameter of ships navigating. It can provide more information, better real time and stronger anit-jamming than radar, also it has other virtues such as transmitting over obstacles. In a word, AIS can bring the revolutionary progress to the supervision of the vessels navigating in the sea.
In foreign countries, many research works have been taken on the AIS technology, so the criterion of AIS has been updated continually. But in our nation, research of AIS is poor and the relevant information is lack. In order to keep up with the international AIS's developing trends and master the applications of AIS technology, the article will reveal how to apply AIS technology to the VTS system, then put forward the project of AlS-based VTS. This article will also discuss a testing simulation system, which will become a part of preparative works for the latter productions. My article include two parts:
1 , The first is focusing on the format, characteristics and transmission of the information of AIS. Especially, it makes a detailed discussion about how to use the AIS technology in VTS systems, and put forward the idea that AIS can be a complement of VTS systems: it concretely proposes how to build up AIS base station network and how to use both of AIS and Radar data to realize the perfect vessel identification and track.
2, The second is focusing on an AIS simulation system, which is composed of two parts: one makes a automatic collection of the AIS information; and the other one simulates how to show the information on the VTS display. By means of the simulation it can prove the advantage of the AIS information as the complementarity to the Radar information.
AIS系统提供了前所未有的船舶标识信息和高实时性的精确的船舶运动参数。它与当前的雷达相比具有提供信息量大，准确性高，实时性好(适用于高速船)，抗干扰能力强和越障碍传输等优点，AIS系统将会给海上船舶监视带来革命性的进步。
国外在AIS技术方面已经做了大量的研究工作，技术标准不断更新。而国内在这方面的研究却很少，相关资料缺乏。为了跟踪国际AIS的发展动态，以及掌握AIS技术的应用，本论文将研究AIS系统的技术特点，提出了AIS技术如何应用于现有的VTS系统的思想，并根据国际上发布的AIS技术特性标准来搭建一个试验仿真平台来辅以说明。本文提出的理论思路和仿真技术可以为今后的产品开发做先期研究。本论文主要包括以下的内容：
1、对MS信息特点、信息格式和数据传输进行了重点研究，尤其对AIS技术在VTS中如何应用进行了较详细的讨论，提出了AIS技术作为现有VTS系统补充的思想：这里具体提出了AIS基站网络系统的建设方案；同时提出了如何利用AIS数据、VTS雷达数据实现最优船舶识别和跟踪的思想。
2、论文仿真系统分两部分：VTS系统对AIS信息数据的自动采集；以及模拟VTS显示平台用AIS数据精确识别和跟踪船舶。系统仿真可以说明利用AIS信息补充雷达信息的优点。
Making a comprehensive survey of the developing shipping technology history, there are mainly two ways to increase the security of the vessels' navigating in the sea recently: one is depending on the VTS when ships arrive at harbors; the other one is depending on the rules of vessel collision resolution when ships navigating in the sea. Radar is regarded as the mainly observation equipment of the two approaches which is used to supervise and identify ships. Although the function of radar keeping on being improved, its disadvantages are still exist. With the rapid developing of technology of communication and computers, AIS is born to live and will be stronger and stronger.
AIS has provided the unprecedented vessels tag information and high real time and accurate parameter of ships navigating. It can provide more information, better real time and stronger anit-jamming than radar, also it has other virtues such as transmitting over obstacles. In a word, AIS can bring the revolutionary progress to the supervision of the vessels navigating in the sea.
In foreign countries, many research works have been taken on the AIS technology, so the criterion of AIS has been updated continually. But in our nation, research of AIS is poor and the relevant information is lack. In order to keep up with the international AIS's developing trends and master the applications of AIS technology, the article will reveal how to apply AIS technology to the VTS system, then put forward the project of AlS-based VTS. This article will also discuss a testing simulation system, which will become a part of preparative works for the latter productions. My article include two parts:
1 , The first is focusing on the format, characteristics and transmission of the information of AIS. Especially, it makes a detailed discussion about how to use the AIS technology in VTS systems, and put forward the idea that AIS can be a complement of VTS systems: it concretely proposes how to build up AIS base station network and how to use both of AIS and Radar data to realize the perfect vessel identification and track.
2, The second is focusing on an AIS simulation system, which is composed of two parts: one makes a automatic collection of the AIS information; and the other one simulates how to show the information on the VTS display. By means of the simulation it can prove the advantage of the AIS information as the complementarity to the Radar information.
引文
1．王世远、许开宁．AIS的发展及其前景．航海技术，2001(5)
2．吴兆麟．海上交通工程大连海事大学出版社1996
3．郑佳春．船舶航行信息自动收发系统．中国航海学会通信导航专业委员会等编．大连海事大学校庆暨中国高等航海教育90周年论文集(船舶通信与导航分册)．大连：大连海事大学出版社．1999．181～186
4．方祥麟．VTS当前发展未来展望与AIS技术的应用．中国航海，2000(1)
5．冷向君．Visual Basic 6.0入门和提高清华大学出版社 1999．6
6．姚巍．Visual Basic数据库开发及工程实例 人民邮电出版社 2003．4
7．李善茂．Visual Basic 6.0高级编程技巧 电子工业出版社 1999
8．史雄．自动识别系统．航海科技动态，2000
9．Mapinfo Corp．Mapinfo Professional/Mapbasic程序开发参考手册 1996
10．郭梯云，杨家玮，李建东．数字移动通信 人民邮电出版社 2001
11．刘人杰，刘畅，黄习刚．船舶自动识别系统的信息传输．中国航海，2002
12．赵丽宁，赵德鹏，谷伟．AIS与现代航海技术的关系及对未来航海的影响．大连海事大学学报，2002(11)
13．杨帆．内河船舶管理数据处理系统的研究．交通科技，2000(4)
14．李国斌．美国正在建设中的自动识别系统AIS链式海/河岸站台．航海科技动态，2001(9)
15．张弦．AIS技术在VTS系统中的应用研究．电信快报，2003(8)
1. Saab Celsius TransponderTech AB Reference Manual—AIS1999-12
2. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IEC61993-2 Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems—Automatic Identification Systems(AIS)-Test Standard for Class A Shipborne Mobile AIS Station IEC 2001-12
3. Recommendaton ITU-RM. 1371* technical characteristics for a universal shipborne automatic identification system using time division multiple access in the VHF maritime mobile band 1998
4. IMO NAV45-1999, Automatic Identification System(MS)
5. Automatic Identification System. 109CIRM Technical Committee Meeting Agenda Item 4.2001.04.20
6. Draft Recommendation of Performance Standards for an Universal Shipborne Automatic Identification Systems(MS). IMO NAY43.1997
7. AIS Test British Columbia By Marine Management Consulting. October 13, 1999
9. Intermediate Mapinfo Professional Student Workbook. Mapinfo Corporation, 1999
10. Mapinfo Corp. Mapbasic Reference Guide. Third Edition, 1998
11. Maritime Navigation and Radiocommunication. Equipment and Systems Automatic Identification System(AIS)[S],2001.14-15
12. Resolution A. 917(22).Guidelines for Onboard Perational Use of Shipborneautomatic Identification Systems(AIS)[S],2002.8-10
2．吴兆麟．海上交通工程大连海事大学出版社1996
3．郑佳春．船舶航行信息自动收发系统．中国航海学会通信导航专业委员会等编．大连海事大学校庆暨中国高等航海教育90周年论文集(船舶通信与导航分册)．大连：大连海事大学出版社．1999．181～186
4．方祥麟．VTS当前发展未来展望与AIS技术的应用．中国航海，2000(1)
5．冷向君．Visual Basic 6.0入门和提高清华大学出版社 1999．6
6．姚巍．Visual Basic数据库开发及工程实例 人民邮电出版社 2003．4
7．李善茂．Visual Basic 6.0高级编程技巧 电子工业出版社 1999
8．史雄．自动识别系统．航海科技动态，2000
9．Mapinfo Corp．Mapinfo Professional/Mapbasic程序开发参考手册 1996
10．郭梯云，杨家玮，李建东．数字移动通信 人民邮电出版社 2001
11．刘人杰，刘畅，黄习刚．船舶自动识别系统的信息传输．中国航海，2002
12．赵丽宁，赵德鹏，谷伟．AIS与现代航海技术的关系及对未来航海的影响．大连海事大学学报，2002(11)
13．杨帆．内河船舶管理数据处理系统的研究．交通科技，2000(4)
14．李国斌．美国正在建设中的自动识别系统AIS链式海/河岸站台．航海科技动态，2001(9)
15．张弦．AIS技术在VTS系统中的应用研究．电信快报，2003(8)
1. Saab Celsius TransponderTech AB Reference Manual—AIS1999-12
2. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IEC61993-2 Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems—Automatic Identification Systems(AIS)-Test Standard for Class A Shipborne Mobile AIS Station IEC 2001-12
3. Recommendaton ITU-RM. 1371* technical characteristics for a universal shipborne automatic identification system using time division multiple access in the VHF maritime mobile band 1998
4. IMO NAV45-1999, Automatic Identification System(MS)
5. Automatic Identification System. 109CIRM Technical Committee Meeting Agenda Item 4.2001.04.20
6. Draft Recommendation of Performance Standards for an Universal Shipborne Automatic Identification Systems(MS). IMO NAY43.1997
7. AIS Test British Columbia By Marine Management Consulting. October 13, 1999
9. Intermediate Mapinfo Professional Student Workbook. Mapinfo Corporation, 1999
10. Mapinfo Corp. Mapbasic Reference Guide. Third Edition, 1998
11. Maritime Navigation and Radiocommunication. Equipment and Systems Automatic Identification System(AIS)[S],2001.14-15
12. Resolution A. 917(22).Guidelines for Onboard Perational Use of Shipborneautomatic Identification Systems(AIS)[S],2002.8-10