太平煤矿急倾斜煤层自然倾向性与火区治理技术研究
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摘要
本文在对煤的自燃机理、煤自然发火危险性判定、预测预报、火源区域探测方法、防灭火技术等方面研究现状分析的基础上,针对目前攀煤太平煤矿急倾斜煤层自燃与火区治理技术中存在的主要问题,开展了煤炭自燃及影响因素分析、攀煤太平矿煤层煤样自燃倾向性实验研究、复合胶体防灭火机理分析与复合胶体灭火材料制备、注胶防灭火方法与应用等方面的研究。论文研究得到的研究结论和取得的成果主要表现以下几个方面:
1)不同的煤岩组分在不同的温度阶段体现不同的氧化特性,煤的这种复杂性与不均一性,导致了不同的煤在不同的阶段体现出不同的氧化过程。
2)攀枝花太平矿21-2~#煤层(平均粒度为3.61mm)在起始温度为20℃时,实验最短自然发火期为65天;当煤温达到临界温度(60～75℃)时,离出现明火大约有16天左右。
3)攀枝花太平矿21-2~#煤层在60℃左右,浮煤厚度小于0.7m时,浮煤不会自燃;同时,浮煤厚度增加,下限氧浓度值迅速降低。在60℃左右,只要漏风强度高于此温度的上限漏风强度,浮煤也不会自燃;在60℃左右,只要浮煤厚度小于此温度的极限浮煤厚度,浮煤也不会自燃。
4)研究表明,由于复合胶体能阻碍煤体物理吸附、化学吸附和化学反应的发生和发展,加快高温煤体的散热和吸收大量热量,使煤温很快降低和煤氧复合放热速度减慢,并通过吸热降温,降低煤的氧化活性,实现快速灭火。
5)针对攀煤(集团)公司矸石电厂发电后产生的大量废弃的粉煤灰,研制出了适合于攀煤太平煤矿急倾斜煤层工作面上部采空区火区治理的复合胶体防灭火材料复合胶体;且不会产生有害物质污染井下环境,具有一定的堆积性,灭火成本低。
6)根据太平矿火区实际情况,提出了粉煤灰复合胶体防灭火技术,建立了井下移动式注胶防灭火系统,制定了可操作强的注胶防灭火实施工艺。
本研究利用复合胶体治理火区解决了正压通风条件下对火区无法观测及火区与地面连通难以治理的问题。火区治理效果表明,工作面开采有了安全保障,火区治理效果的经济效益与社会效益显著。
Based on the coal spontaneous combustion mechanism, judging hazard of coal spontaneous fire, prediction and forecast, regional detection method of fire source, prevention and extinguishments of coal fire and so on, this paper aimed at the main existing problem on management technology of coal spontaneous combustion and fire region in steeply inclined coal seam of Taiping coal mine of Panmei, the impact factors of coal spontaneous combustion were analyzed; spontaneous combustion tendency experiment was conducted; and the mechanism of complex colloids on prevention and extinguishments of coal fire, preparations of complex colloids and method and application of injected colloids were all researched. The conclusions and accomplishments acquired were as follows:
1) Different coal-rock composition exhibits different oxidation behavior during different temperature phases, due to such complication and heterogeneity, it resulted that different coal embodied different oxidation process during different phases.
2) when the initial temperature of 21-2~# coal seam of Tai-ping coal mine was 20 centigrade, average particle size 3.61mm, its natural ignition time was 65 days; while its temperature reached critical temperature, 60 to 75 centigrade, the obvious fire period was almost 16 days.
3) When the coal temperature of Tai-ping coal mine was around 60 centigrade, the thickness of float coal was lower than 0.7m, the float coal didn't combust; alternatively, with the thickness of float coal, the lower oxygen concentration decreased drastically; when the coal temperature was around 60 centigrade, if only air leakage strength was higher than the upward limit at this temperature, the float coal didn't combust either; while the coal temperature was around 60 centigrade, if the thickness of float coal was below the limited thickness, the float coal didn't combust either.
4) due to the complex colloids, which could hamper physical absorption, chemical absorption, and chemical reaction of coal seam, and it resulted that it increased the velocity of relieving heat and absorbing a large amount of heat, decreased the temperature of coal seam and velocity of relieving heat between coal and oxygen, and through absorbing heat to decrease temperature, it decreased the oxidant activity of coal, and thus resulted in the extinguishment of coal fire.
5) aimed at the fly ash abandoned largely after power plant produced coalmine waste, the complex colloids used as prevention and extinguishments of coal fire and suitable for the management of gob fire management in top working face in steeply inclined coal seam of Taiping coal mine was developed; besides, it didn't produce hazard materials polluting the coal mine environment, and it had the property of accumulation and low costing.
6) According to the actual situation of Tai-ping coal mine, the technology of prevention and extinguishments of coal fire was raised, the movable injected colloids system of prevention and extinguishments of coal fire underground was constructed, and operational crafts of injected colloids was ascertained.
The problem of impossible observation and the difficult management of fire region connected to the ground under positive pressure ventilation were solved. The outcome showed that the safety guarantee on working face was acquired and the economical and social benefits of fire region were enhanced.
1)不同的煤岩组分在不同的温度阶段体现不同的氧化特性,煤的这种复杂性与不均一性,导致了不同的煤在不同的阶段体现出不同的氧化过程。
2)攀枝花太平矿21-2~#煤层(平均粒度为3.61mm)在起始温度为20℃时,实验最短自然发火期为65天;当煤温达到临界温度(60～75℃)时,离出现明火大约有16天左右。
3)攀枝花太平矿21-2~#煤层在60℃左右,浮煤厚度小于0.7m时,浮煤不会自燃;同时,浮煤厚度增加,下限氧浓度值迅速降低。在60℃左右,只要漏风强度高于此温度的上限漏风强度,浮煤也不会自燃;在60℃左右,只要浮煤厚度小于此温度的极限浮煤厚度,浮煤也不会自燃。
4)研究表明,由于复合胶体能阻碍煤体物理吸附、化学吸附和化学反应的发生和发展,加快高温煤体的散热和吸收大量热量,使煤温很快降低和煤氧复合放热速度减慢,并通过吸热降温,降低煤的氧化活性,实现快速灭火。
5)针对攀煤(集团)公司矸石电厂发电后产生的大量废弃的粉煤灰,研制出了适合于攀煤太平煤矿急倾斜煤层工作面上部采空区火区治理的复合胶体防灭火材料复合胶体;且不会产生有害物质污染井下环境,具有一定的堆积性,灭火成本低。
6)根据太平矿火区实际情况,提出了粉煤灰复合胶体防灭火技术,建立了井下移动式注胶防灭火系统,制定了可操作强的注胶防灭火实施工艺。
本研究利用复合胶体治理火区解决了正压通风条件下对火区无法观测及火区与地面连通难以治理的问题。火区治理效果表明,工作面开采有了安全保障,火区治理效果的经济效益与社会效益显著。
Based on the coal spontaneous combustion mechanism, judging hazard of coal spontaneous fire, prediction and forecast, regional detection method of fire source, prevention and extinguishments of coal fire and so on, this paper aimed at the main existing problem on management technology of coal spontaneous combustion and fire region in steeply inclined coal seam of Taiping coal mine of Panmei, the impact factors of coal spontaneous combustion were analyzed; spontaneous combustion tendency experiment was conducted; and the mechanism of complex colloids on prevention and extinguishments of coal fire, preparations of complex colloids and method and application of injected colloids were all researched. The conclusions and accomplishments acquired were as follows:
1) Different coal-rock composition exhibits different oxidation behavior during different temperature phases, due to such complication and heterogeneity, it resulted that different coal embodied different oxidation process during different phases.
2) when the initial temperature of 21-2~# coal seam of Tai-ping coal mine was 20 centigrade, average particle size 3.61mm, its natural ignition time was 65 days; while its temperature reached critical temperature, 60 to 75 centigrade, the obvious fire period was almost 16 days.
3) When the coal temperature of Tai-ping coal mine was around 60 centigrade, the thickness of float coal was lower than 0.7m, the float coal didn't combust; alternatively, with the thickness of float coal, the lower oxygen concentration decreased drastically; when the coal temperature was around 60 centigrade, if only air leakage strength was higher than the upward limit at this temperature, the float coal didn't combust either; while the coal temperature was around 60 centigrade, if the thickness of float coal was below the limited thickness, the float coal didn't combust either.
4) due to the complex colloids, which could hamper physical absorption, chemical absorption, and chemical reaction of coal seam, and it resulted that it increased the velocity of relieving heat and absorbing a large amount of heat, decreased the temperature of coal seam and velocity of relieving heat between coal and oxygen, and through absorbing heat to decrease temperature, it decreased the oxidant activity of coal, and thus resulted in the extinguishment of coal fire.
5) aimed at the fly ash abandoned largely after power plant produced coalmine waste, the complex colloids used as prevention and extinguishments of coal fire and suitable for the management of gob fire management in top working face in steeply inclined coal seam of Taiping coal mine was developed; besides, it didn't produce hazard materials polluting the coal mine environment, and it had the property of accumulation and low costing.
6) According to the actual situation of Tai-ping coal mine, the technology of prevention and extinguishments of coal fire was raised, the movable injected colloids system of prevention and extinguishments of coal fire underground was constructed, and operational crafts of injected colloids was ascertained.
The problem of impossible observation and the difficult management of fire region connected to the ground under positive pressure ventilation were solved. The outcome showed that the safety guarantee on working face was acquired and the economical and social benefits of fire region were enhanced.
引文
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[4]罗海珠.我国煤矿火灾预测预报技术的发展与应用.矿井通风安全理论与技术[M].徐州矿业大学出版社,1999.
[5]余明高.煤层自燃发火期预测的研究.矿井通风安全理论与技术[M].徐州矿业大学出版社,1999.
[6]陈全,王省身.综放采场自燃发火规律及注氮防灭火技术研究[J].煤炭学报,1996,21(6):618-623.
[7]秦书玉.综采工作面采空区自燃发火的数值模拟研究.煤炭学报,1999,24(5):52-55.
[8]李舒伶.矿井火灾时间风流控制系统的研究.辽宁工程技术大学学报,1999,(2):54.
[9]吴中立.矿井通风与安全[M].中国矿业大学出版社,1988,373-408.
[10]程卫民,陈平.矿井煤炭自燃高温火源点区域的探测实践[J].煤炭科学技术,1999,27(11):4-7
[11]朱红青,刘宪申.矿井火灾初期自动风流控制系统的研究及应用[J].煤炭科学技术,2000,28(2):26-28.
[12]余明高.我国煤矿防灭火技术的最新发展及应用[J].矿业安全与环保,2000,27(2):21-23.
[13]刘英学,唐海清.防止采空区自燃减漏风措施的研究与应用[J].煤炭学报,1996,21(6):630-634.
[14]徐德平,李强.矿井防灭选用变压吸附制氮机[J].煤炭科学技术,1999,27(4):7-9.
[15]徐精彩,郭兴明.煤层火灾耐温高水胶体直接灭火技术[J].煤炭科学技术,2000,28(3):4-6.
[16]高广伟.中国煤矿氮气防灭火的现状与未来[J].煤炭学报,1999,24(1):48-52.
[17]李舒冷,王树刚.采场均压防灭火模型试验研究[J].煤炭学报,1999,24(2):151-154.
[18]杨运良,于水军.防止煤炭自燃的新型阻化剂研究[J].煤炭学报,1999,24(2):163-166
[19]张从力,刘元敏.一种新型火灾检测定位技术的试验研究[J].煤炭工程师,1997,24(5):4-6.
[20]田水承,李红霞.煤层开采自燃危险性预先分析与经济防灭火决策[J].煤炭学报,1998,23(5):486-490.
[21]王德明,王省身.矿井火灾救火决策支持系统研究[J].煤炭学报,1996,21(6):624-629.
[22]刘剑.大面积火区调压的仿真模型[J].煤炭学报,1996,21(5):21-25.
[23]胡社荣,蒋大成.煤层自燃灾害现状与防治对策[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2001,11(4):69-71.
[24]徐精彩.煤自燃危险区域判定理论[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2001.
[25]徐精彩,贺敦良.煤炭表面反应热与自燃性关系探讨[J].煤矿安全,1990(6):19-24.
[26]何启林,王德明,陆伟等.变温条件下煤结构与吸氧量的关系[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(8): 865-869.
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