化学驱采出水中保留聚合物配聚再利用可行性研究
摘要
国内油田为提高原油采收率而广泛应用的聚合物驱油技术是用自来水配制驱油剂母液,再用采油污水稀释注驱的工艺。因采油污水的矿化度高,造成了对驱油剂的降粘幅度大、配聚效果差等不利影响。此外,因聚合物的存在使得采出液乳化稳定增强,造成了难以破乳和油水分离困难等问题。鉴于此,本文通过ARK-88综合处理剂对含聚采出液进行处理后,将其中所含的聚合物保留于水中获得含聚污水(简称“保聚水”)。以实现减少聚合物投入量,废弃资源再利用为目的,系统研究了将其直接用于配制驱油体系的可行性。本文系统考察了金属离子类型、含量和悬浮物等与水质有关的影响驱油聚合物溶液粘度的因素及其影响的程度,提出了配制聚合物溶液的水质控制指标和条件。
聚合物在经过地层运移前、后水解度从原来的25%上升为32%左右;平均相对分子量从原来的1500万左右下降为200万左右。对保聚水重新配聚后的聚合物溶液初始粘度、稳粘性能等随温度、剪切速率、pH值、配聚水质等影响因素变化的规律进行了研究。用含聚采出液经处理后获得的保聚水作为配聚用水,相同的聚合物驱油剂母液用保聚水配聚的体系比自来水配聚体系的初始粘度约高3mPa·s,保聚水配聚体系具有较强的粘度稳定性。实验选择了粘度稳定剂(简称“稳粘剂”)的种类和用量,及其对保聚水配聚体系的粘度稳定性的影响,结果为保聚水配聚体系的初始粘度上升了约3~8mPa·s,增强了保聚水配聚体系的稳粘性能。研究确定了保聚水配聚适用的范围和条件,为油田采出废水的回用、回注和节水减排奠定了技术基础资料。文中对相关的增粘、稳粘作用的机理进行了简要阐述。综合研究的结论为:用保聚水代替自来水作为配制母液用水在技术、环保和经济上都可行。
Polymer flooding technology is widely used by Domestic oil fields to enhance oil recovery, displacing agent mother liquor is prepared by running water and diluted by produced water. Due to high salinity produced water, viscosity of displacing agent declines. In addition, the polymer makes the produced fluid emulsion stability increased and causes difficult oil-water separation. In this view, polymer produced fluid is handled with ARK-88 comprehensive treatment agent, and remnant polymer is reserved. In order to achieve reduction of polymer input, resource recycling, we study the feasibility of displacement. In this paper, water-related factors such as types and contents of metal ions,dissolved oxygen, suspended particles,bacterium which influence viscosity and degree of polymer solution are systematically studied and water quality controlling targets and the limits is put forward.
Through the stratum transport hydrolysis degree shift from 25% to 32%, average molecular weight fall down from 15 million to 2 million. Changing the measurement conditions such as temperature, shear rate and the system environment such as pH and water quality, polymer was re-equipped and the change of initial viscosity and viscosity stability is studied. As a kind of injection water polymer reversed water is obtained by dealing produced fluid, under the same condition of mother liquor, the initial viscosity of polymer reversed water system is 3mPa·s higher than tap water system, and the system also possesses strong viscosity stability. Different type viscosity stabilizer is added, the results show that the initial viscosity of polymer systems increased by about 3-8mPa·s and the viscosity stability is also enhanced. The research determines the suitable scope and conditions of reversed polymer water, which provides technical basis information for oilfield produced wastewater reuse, recharge and emission reduction. This paper briefly described the mechanism of viscosity addition and stability. Comprehensive study concluded that it is feasible for reversed polymer water instead of tap water on technology, environmental protection and economy.
聚合物在经过地层运移前、后水解度从原来的25%上升为32%左右;平均相对分子量从原来的1500万左右下降为200万左右。对保聚水重新配聚后的聚合物溶液初始粘度、稳粘性能等随温度、剪切速率、pH值、配聚水质等影响因素变化的规律进行了研究。用含聚采出液经处理后获得的保聚水作为配聚用水,相同的聚合物驱油剂母液用保聚水配聚的体系比自来水配聚体系的初始粘度约高3mPa·s,保聚水配聚体系具有较强的粘度稳定性。实验选择了粘度稳定剂(简称“稳粘剂”)的种类和用量,及其对保聚水配聚体系的粘度稳定性的影响,结果为保聚水配聚体系的初始粘度上升了约3~8mPa·s,增强了保聚水配聚体系的稳粘性能。研究确定了保聚水配聚适用的范围和条件,为油田采出废水的回用、回注和节水减排奠定了技术基础资料。文中对相关的增粘、稳粘作用的机理进行了简要阐述。综合研究的结论为:用保聚水代替自来水作为配制母液用水在技术、环保和经济上都可行。
Polymer flooding technology is widely used by Domestic oil fields to enhance oil recovery, displacing agent mother liquor is prepared by running water and diluted by produced water. Due to high salinity produced water, viscosity of displacing agent declines. In addition, the polymer makes the produced fluid emulsion stability increased and causes difficult oil-water separation. In this view, polymer produced fluid is handled with ARK-88 comprehensive treatment agent, and remnant polymer is reserved. In order to achieve reduction of polymer input, resource recycling, we study the feasibility of displacement. In this paper, water-related factors such as types and contents of metal ions,dissolved oxygen, suspended particles,bacterium which influence viscosity and degree of polymer solution are systematically studied and water quality controlling targets and the limits is put forward.
Through the stratum transport hydrolysis degree shift from 25% to 32%, average molecular weight fall down from 15 million to 2 million. Changing the measurement conditions such as temperature, shear rate and the system environment such as pH and water quality, polymer was re-equipped and the change of initial viscosity and viscosity stability is studied. As a kind of injection water polymer reversed water is obtained by dealing produced fluid, under the same condition of mother liquor, the initial viscosity of polymer reversed water system is 3mPa·s higher than tap water system, and the system also possesses strong viscosity stability. Different type viscosity stabilizer is added, the results show that the initial viscosity of polymer systems increased by about 3-8mPa·s and the viscosity stability is also enhanced. The research determines the suitable scope and conditions of reversed polymer water, which provides technical basis information for oilfield produced wastewater reuse, recharge and emission reduction. This paper briefly described the mechanism of viscosity addition and stability. Comprehensive study concluded that it is feasible for reversed polymer water instead of tap water on technology, environmental protection and economy.
引文
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[3]李玉春,黄素兰,闫希勇,等.浅谈聚驱采出液处理工艺的设计[J].油气田地面工程,2001,20(1):24
[4]陈雷,祁佩时,曹振坤,等.聚合物驱采油废水处理工艺的试验研究[J].哈尔滨建筑大学学报,1999,32(6):117-120
[5]崔万军.含聚污水对常规重力式罐的影响[J].油气田地面工程,1999,18(4):36-38
[6]邱辉,班辉.污水处理组合工艺方式研究[J].油气田地面工程,2001,20(4):26-27
[7]蒋明虎.注聚采出水脱油用水力悬流器机理研究[J].石油机械,1998,26(8):14-16
[8]陈忠喜,邓述波,夏福军.横向流除油器处理油田含油污水的研究[J].工业水处理,2001,21(1):3133
[9]夏福军,邓述波,张宝良.水力旋流器处理聚合物驱含油污水的研究[J].工业水处理,2002,22(2):14-16
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[11]陈绍炳,李学军,张树平.聚合物聚采出液游离水沉降脱除试验[J].油气田地面工程,1997,16(2):16-18
[12] David B, Rochford. Enhancing produced water quality in Kuwait oil company[J]. Society of Petroleum Engineerings, 1997, 10:5-8
[13] Garbutt C. F. Innovative fretting processes allow steam flooding with poor quality oilfield water[J]. Society of Petroleum Engineerings, 1997, 10:5-8
[14] Madian. Treating of produced water for surface discharge at the arum gas condensate field[J]. Society of Petroleum Engineerings, 1995, 2:17
[15] Sebold A. Demonstration of dissolved organics removal from produced water[J]. Society of Petroleum Engineerings, 1997, 3:9-11
[16]吴红军,张铁借,王宝辉,等.油田回注水水质劣化原因及机理分析[J].油气田地面工程,2005,24(1):25-27
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[19]朱麟勇,常志英,李明宇,等.聚合物性质研究[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2000,16(2):112-114
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[23]王宝辉,孔凡贵,张铁锴,等.高锰酸钾氧化聚丙烯酰胺试验研究[J].工业水处理,2004,24(1):21-23
[24] Shupe R. Chemical stability of polyacrylamide polymers. SPE9299, 1983
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[26]周江.pH值对油田用聚合物粘度的影响[J].新疆石油技术,2003,2(13):18-20
[27]李杰训,张伟,芦维年.聚合物溶液配注过程中的粘度损失[J].石油规划设计,1999,11(2):22-25
[28] Lange E. A polymer thermal decomposition model and its application in chemical EOR process simulation. SPE 27822, 1994
[29]张金国.聚合物溶液粘度的主要影响因素分析[J].断块油气田,2005,12(1):57-59
[30]李强.抗高温弱凝胶的研究及在歧五断块的应用[D].西南石油学院,南充:2002
[31] Ahmad M.A., Peter H. D. Hydrolysis and precipitation of Polyacrylamides in hard brines at elevated temperatures. SPE13033, 1987
[32] Paola A, Lockhart T. P. Divalent ion-resistant polymer gels for high-temperature applications: syneresis inhibiting additives. SPE 25220, 1993
[33]罗一菁,张忠智,赵树英,等.聚合物驱采油污水处理研究进展[N].石油化工高等学校学报,2003,16(1):9-13
[34] Huang F. Study on biodegration of partially hydrolyzed polyamide by sulfate-reducing bacteria[J]. Petroleum processing and petrochemicals, 1999, 30(1):33-36
[35]邵振波,周吉生.部分水解聚丙烯酰胺驱油过程中机械降解研究—分子量、粘度及相关参数的变化[J].油田化学2005,22(1):72-73
[36]谢小清,刘家恒.聚合物驱地面配注工艺研究[J].河南石油,2001,15(6):41-44
[37]冯永训.油田采出水处理设计手册[M].中国北京:中国石化出版社,2005:20-21
[38]邓秀英.油田采出水处理技术综述[J].工业用水与废水,1999,30(2):7-9
[39]卢祥国,高振环,闫文化,等.大庆油田聚合物驱采出水配制的聚合物溶液驱油效果研究[J].油田化学,1996,13(4):361-363
[40]于洪江,刘祥,史俊,等.污水配制聚合物驱油体系可行性研究[J].西安石油学院学报(自然科学版),2000,15(1):2-29
[41]苏延昌,高峰,舒方春,等.污水配制聚合物研究[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2003,22(6):44-48
[42]张云涛,宋社民,陈福有,等.低矿化度污水对聚合物粘度的影响[J].石油钻采工艺,1998,20(2):97-98
[43]方洪波.聚合物采出液破乳机理研究[D].东营:2004
[44] GB12005.1-89
[45] GB/T12005.10-92
[46] GB12005.6-89
[47]方洪波.三次采油采出液处理技术研究[J].油田建设设计,1998,44(1):34-36
[48]赵福麟.油田化学[M].东营:石油大学出版社,2000:65-68
[49]王宝江,李彦兴,姚兰.清水配制污水稀释聚合物溶液试验研究[J].大庆石油地质与发,2001,20(2):86-88
[50] Wang D. Chemical absorption and stabilization energy ofimidalines and Featon[J]. Petroleum Science, 2001, 4(3):22-25
[51]张兴英.高分子化学[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2000:287-290
[52]卢祥国,高振环,闰文华.大庆油田聚合物驱采出水配制的聚合物溶液驱油效果研究[J].油田化学,1996,13(4):361-363
[53]赵福麟.采油化学[M].东营:石油大学出版社,1997:211-212
[2]王明信.含聚污水给普通含油污水处理带来的影响[J].油气田地面工程,2001,20(5):35
[3]李玉春,黄素兰,闫希勇,等.浅谈聚驱采出液处理工艺的设计[J].油气田地面工程,2001,20(1):24
[4]陈雷,祁佩时,曹振坤,等.聚合物驱采油废水处理工艺的试验研究[J].哈尔滨建筑大学学报,1999,32(6):117-120
[5]崔万军.含聚污水对常规重力式罐的影响[J].油气田地面工程,1999,18(4):36-38
[6]邱辉,班辉.污水处理组合工艺方式研究[J].油气田地面工程,2001,20(4):26-27
[7]蒋明虎.注聚采出水脱油用水力悬流器机理研究[J].石油机械,1998,26(8):14-16
[8]陈忠喜,邓述波,夏福军.横向流除油器处理油田含油污水的研究[J].工业水处理,2001,21(1):3133
[9]夏福军,邓述波,张宝良.水力旋流器处理聚合物驱含油污水的研究[J].工业水处理,2002,22(2):14-16
[10]陈雷,祁佩时,曹振坤.聚合物驱采油废水处理工艺的试验研究[J].哈尔滨建筑大学学报,1999,32(6):117-120
[11]陈绍炳,李学军,张树平.聚合物聚采出液游离水沉降脱除试验[J].油气田地面工程,1997,16(2):16-18
[12] David B, Rochford. Enhancing produced water quality in Kuwait oil company[J]. Society of Petroleum Engineerings, 1997, 10:5-8
[13] Garbutt C. F. Innovative fretting processes allow steam flooding with poor quality oilfield water[J]. Society of Petroleum Engineerings, 1997, 10:5-8
[14] Madian. Treating of produced water for surface discharge at the arum gas condensate field[J]. Society of Petroleum Engineerings, 1995, 2:17
[15] Sebold A. Demonstration of dissolved organics removal from produced water[J]. Society of Petroleum Engineerings, 1997, 3:9-11
[16]吴红军,张铁借,王宝辉,等.油田回注水水质劣化原因及机理分析[J].油气田地面工程,2005,24(1):25-27
[17]邓述波,周抚生,陈忠喜.聚丙烯酰胺对聚合物驱含油污水中油珠沉降分离的影响[J].环境科学,2002,23(2):69-72
[18]荆国林,于水利,韩强.聚合物采油污水处理技术研究进展[J].工业用水与废水,2004,35(2):16-18
[19]朱麟勇,常志英,李明宇,等.聚合物性质研究[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2000,16(2):112-114
[20]李宜强,沈传海,景贵成,胡锦强.微生物降解聚合物的机理及其应用[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,23(6):738-742
[21]孔柏岭.污水聚丙烯酰胺溶液高温稳定性研究[J].石油勘探与开发,2001,28(1):66-70
[22]张铁锴,吴红军,王宝辉.聚丙烯酰胺氧化降解机理研究[J].化学工程师,2004,108(9):6-8
[23]王宝辉,孔凡贵,张铁锴,等.高锰酸钾氧化聚丙烯酰胺试验研究[J].工业水处理,2004,24(1):21-23
[24] Shupe R. Chemical stability of polyacrylamide polymers. SPE9299, 1983
[25]雒维国,徐苏欣,王世和.光催化氧化聚合物研究[J].环境污染治理技术与设备,2004,5(12):38-42
[26]周江.pH值对油田用聚合物粘度的影响[J].新疆石油技术,2003,2(13):18-20
[27]李杰训,张伟,芦维年.聚合物溶液配注过程中的粘度损失[J].石油规划设计,1999,11(2):22-25
[28] Lange E. A polymer thermal decomposition model and its application in chemical EOR process simulation. SPE 27822, 1994
[29]张金国.聚合物溶液粘度的主要影响因素分析[J].断块油气田,2005,12(1):57-59
[30]李强.抗高温弱凝胶的研究及在歧五断块的应用[D].西南石油学院,南充:2002
[31] Ahmad M.A., Peter H. D. Hydrolysis and precipitation of Polyacrylamides in hard brines at elevated temperatures. SPE13033, 1987
[32] Paola A, Lockhart T. P. Divalent ion-resistant polymer gels for high-temperature applications: syneresis inhibiting additives. SPE 25220, 1993
[33]罗一菁,张忠智,赵树英,等.聚合物驱采油污水处理研究进展[N].石油化工高等学校学报,2003,16(1):9-13
[34] Huang F. Study on biodegration of partially hydrolyzed polyamide by sulfate-reducing bacteria[J]. Petroleum processing and petrochemicals, 1999, 30(1):33-36
[35]邵振波,周吉生.部分水解聚丙烯酰胺驱油过程中机械降解研究—分子量、粘度及相关参数的变化[J].油田化学2005,22(1):72-73
[36]谢小清,刘家恒.聚合物驱地面配注工艺研究[J].河南石油,2001,15(6):41-44
[37]冯永训.油田采出水处理设计手册[M].中国北京:中国石化出版社,2005:20-21
[38]邓秀英.油田采出水处理技术综述[J].工业用水与废水,1999,30(2):7-9
[39]卢祥国,高振环,闫文化,等.大庆油田聚合物驱采出水配制的聚合物溶液驱油效果研究[J].油田化学,1996,13(4):361-363
[40]于洪江,刘祥,史俊,等.污水配制聚合物驱油体系可行性研究[J].西安石油学院学报(自然科学版),2000,15(1):2-29
[41]苏延昌,高峰,舒方春,等.污水配制聚合物研究[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2003,22(6):44-48
[42]张云涛,宋社民,陈福有,等.低矿化度污水对聚合物粘度的影响[J].石油钻采工艺,1998,20(2):97-98
[43]方洪波.聚合物采出液破乳机理研究[D].东营:2004
[44] GB12005.1-89
[45] GB/T12005.10-92
[46] GB12005.6-89
[47]方洪波.三次采油采出液处理技术研究[J].油田建设设计,1998,44(1):34-36
[48]赵福麟.油田化学[M].东营:石油大学出版社,2000:65-68
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