工业锅炉冷凝水余热利用与回收一体化装置
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摘要
工业锅炉冷凝水回收是提高锅炉热效率、降低能耗的重要途径之一。蒸汽的热能由显热和潜热两部分组成,通常用汽设备只利用蒸汽的潜热和少量的显热,释放潜热和少量的显热后的蒸汽还原成高温的冷凝水,冷凝水是饱和的高温软化水,其热能价值占蒸汽热能价值的25%左右,而且也是洁净的蒸馏水,适合重新作为锅炉给水。蒸汽在各用汽设备中放出汽化潜热后,变为近乎同温同压下的饱和冷凝水,冷凝水所具有的热量压力、温度越高,冷凝水具有的热量就越多,占蒸汽总热量的比例也就越大。理论上冷凝水是纯净的蒸馏水,适合重新作为工业锅炉给水,但是由于工业锅炉给水是软化水,而且除氧工艺不完善,导致了工业锅炉蒸汽冷凝水pH值偏低、氧含量偏高,氧腐蚀和酸腐蚀严重,这是冷凝水污染程度大小的主要原因。此外,换热设备频繁的蒸汽供停,产生热应力拉伸而导致设备泄漏以及回收管网的不严密,造成混入不纯物质或不凝气也导致冷凝水杂质含量偏高,污染严重。本研究课题主要针对目前冷凝水系统特点,解决目前工业锅炉冷凝水回收装置存在的闪蒸损失大、无净化水质装置、管路系统腐蚀大的缺点,通过研究开发一种密闭式冷凝水回收一体化装置,集热量回收、水质净化和系统防腐于一体,使得经过此装置处理后的冷凝水不仅热量得到了很好的利用,而且水质达到GB/T 1576-2008《工业锅炉水质》的要求,可直接作为给水输送进入锅炉。消除目前一些冷凝水回收装置在节能的同时又增加锅炉的结垢速率和带入锅炉腐蚀性杂质的问题,真正达到节能、节水、环保的目的。该研究的关键在于冷凝水回收净化的过程始终在闭式系统中进行,不与空气接触,而且回收过程水质得到净化,系统得到防腐,因而要依据科学的理论进行回收系统的合理设计和研究选择合适的净化防腐技术。同时,作为一项完整的系统工程,冷凝水闭式回收净化系统不仅需要有能力解决水击、泵汽蚀、高低压共网、水质保证等问题的专有回收设备,还需要锅炉、热设备、疏水装置、收集装置、管网、水处理装置、控制系统等各环节的有效匹配,才能最大限度地发挥系统的效率和优势。
Industrial boiler condensate recovery is one of the important ways to improve boiler thermal efficiency and reducing energy consumption .Steam heat includes sensible heat and latent heat. Steam equipment usually used steam latent heat and a small amount of sensible heat. The steam has a high-temperature condensation after the release of latent heat and a small amount of sensible heat. Condensate is saturate softened water with a high-temperature , and take about 25% heat energy of steam, suited for boiler feed water again for clean distilled water. after the release of latent heat of vaporization , the Steam becomes almost the same temperature and pressure of saturated condensate in the steam equipment. The heat of Condensation water is increase with pressure and temperature, and has a higher proportion of total calories. Condensate is pure distilled water in theory, suited for boiler feed water .But in the fact, It easy lead to the industrial boiler steam condensate low pH, , high oxygen content because of the industrial boiler feed water softened and the oxygen process is imperfectmake severe acid corrosion and oxygen corrosion, which is the main reason for the condensation water pollution. In addition, the steam heat exchanger stops, frequently resulting in thermal stress caused in recovery equipment, pipe leakage and resulting in non-condensable gas mixed with impure substances and condensed water pollution. The research focused on the characteristics of the current condensate system, which can resolve the current industrial boiler condensate recovery problems such as: flash loss, water purification, piping system corrosion major shortcomings. By studying the development of an integrated closed condensate recovery unit, including heat recovery, water purification and corrosion in one system. this treatment device not only put the heat of condensation of water has been used, and water suit for GB / T 1576-2008《Industrial Boiler Water Quality》requirements,but also directly as boiler feed delivery. Eliminate the boiler corrosion problems in for increasing the boiler fouling rate and impurities in some of current condensate recovery ,and get a good energy efficiency, water conservation, environmental protection. The key of this study is the system closed and without contact air in purification condensate recovery, and purify the recycling water the system has corrosion prevention. Based on scientific theory of rational recovery system design and research, we will get to choose the right cleaning anti-corrosion technology. Meanwhile, as a complete system engineering, closed recycling condensate purification system not only capable of solving water hammer, pump cavitations, high and low pressure mixed network, but also need to considerate collection in heating, drainage devices, collect device, pipe network, water treatment equipment, control systems, in the end for attaining maximize system efficiency and advantages.
Industrial boiler condensate recovery is one of the important ways to improve boiler thermal efficiency and reducing energy consumption .Steam heat includes sensible heat and latent heat. Steam equipment usually used steam latent heat and a small amount of sensible heat. The steam has a high-temperature condensation after the release of latent heat and a small amount of sensible heat. Condensate is saturate softened water with a high-temperature , and take about 25% heat energy of steam, suited for boiler feed water again for clean distilled water. after the release of latent heat of vaporization , the Steam becomes almost the same temperature and pressure of saturated condensate in the steam equipment. The heat of Condensation water is increase with pressure and temperature, and has a higher proportion of total calories. Condensate is pure distilled water in theory, suited for boiler feed water .But in the fact, It easy lead to the industrial boiler steam condensate low pH, , high oxygen content because of the industrial boiler feed water softened and the oxygen process is imperfectmake severe acid corrosion and oxygen corrosion, which is the main reason for the condensation water pollution. In addition, the steam heat exchanger stops, frequently resulting in thermal stress caused in recovery equipment, pipe leakage and resulting in non-condensable gas mixed with impure substances and condensed water pollution. The research focused on the characteristics of the current condensate system, which can resolve the current industrial boiler condensate recovery problems such as: flash loss, water purification, piping system corrosion major shortcomings. By studying the development of an integrated closed condensate recovery unit, including heat recovery, water purification and corrosion in one system. this treatment device not only put the heat of condensation of water has been used, and water suit for GB / T 1576-2008《Industrial Boiler Water Quality》requirements,but also directly as boiler feed delivery. Eliminate the boiler corrosion problems in for increasing the boiler fouling rate and impurities in some of current condensate recovery ,and get a good energy efficiency, water conservation, environmental protection. The key of this study is the system closed and without contact air in purification condensate recovery, and purify the recycling water the system has corrosion prevention. Based on scientific theory of rational recovery system design and research, we will get to choose the right cleaning anti-corrosion technology. Meanwhile, as a complete system engineering, closed recycling condensate purification system not only capable of solving water hammer, pump cavitations, high and low pressure mixed network, but also need to considerate collection in heating, drainage devices, collect device, pipe network, water treatment equipment, control systems, in the end for attaining maximize system efficiency and advantages.
引文
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[2]国家特种设备安全监察局.关于2010年全国特种设备安全状况的情况通报[R].北京:国家质检总局,2011(6)
[3]国务院.国务院关于印发“十二五”节能减排综合性工作方案的通知,国发〔2011〕26号
[4]张翠清,杜铭华,郭冶等.工业锅炉及窑炉节能减排技术途径与关键问题分析[J].中国能源,2008,(2):16～20
[5]国家发展和改革委员会.节能中长期专项规划.(2004)
[6]T. West, From mechanical to electronic control in industrial burners, Technical Bulletin Energy Technology and Control Ltd., 2002.
[7] D. Chau et al., The industrial assessment center energy and waste management assistance for industry, A Department of Energy Sponsored Program, Assessment Report, Arizona, 1996.
[8] N.A. Oseland, Acceptable temperature ranges in naturally ventilated and air-conditioned offices, ASHRAE Technical Data Bulletin 14 (1) (1998) :50～62.
[9]邝平健,过伟权,王显章等.工业锅炉节能方法及应用[J].黑龙江电力,2007,29(26):464～466
[10]陈慧,愈增盛,晏富年.节煤改造炉拱技术的应用[J].上海节能,2007(2):40～42
[11]张润霞,肖继昌.企业热平衡与节能技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993
[12]车得福,刘银河供热锅炉及其系统节能[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2008
[13]宋徐辉.我国蒸汽锅炉系统现状及节能潜力[J].节能与环保,2007(1):52～54.
[14]高田敏则,平正登.凝结水回收与利用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1992
[15]马隆龙,肖艳京.密闭式蒸汽冷凝水回收技术及其应用[J].中国能源.1995,09:30～33
[16]李茂东,黎华,钟志强.工业锅炉能耗现状分析与节能措施[J].节能减排,2009:67～69
[17]王善武,吕岩岩,吴晓云,范兵兵.工业锅炉行业节能减排与战略性发展[J],工业锅炉2011(1):1～4
[18]王睿,李莹.影响燃煤工业锅炉锅炉能耗的因素及技改措施[J],装备制造技术.2011(9):210～212
[19]钟玲仪,袁华强.水处理在锅炉节能降耗方面的应用[J],广东化工.2007(7):210～212
[20]美国能源部.国际能源展望2004[M],2004
[21]汤凤,尹显录,胡念武,黄禄全.蒸汽锅炉冷凝水回收控制方法及效益分析[J].2008(4):32～35
[22]崔忠毅.冷凝水回收项目热力分析与经济评价研究[D].上海:同济大学,2008
[23]DL/T 5068-2006,火力发电厂化学设计技术规程[S].中国:中华人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会,2006.9
[24]工业锅炉设计制造、安装调试与安全检验及国家强制性标准规范[S].中国:工业科学出版社,2009.5
[25]关文吉,刘伟,冯圣红.蒸汽锅炉连续排污余热回收分析[J],暖通空调.2010(40),1:51～54
[26]Gnielinski V.New equations for heat and transfer in turbulent pipe channel flows [J].Int Chem Eng,1976,16:359-368
[27]何华.连续排热量回收利用[J],北京节能.1997(2):28～29
[28]吴味隆.锅炉及锅炉房设备[M].4版.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006
[29]陈善生,饶玉明,李雪松.蒸汽系统节能方案[A].2007年全国水处理、节水节能及环保精细化学品学术论文交流会论文集[C].南京,2007:298～302
[30]吴新.浅谈染整企业蒸汽冷凝水的回收设计[J],节能.2002(3):17～20
[31]龚洵洁.热力设备的腐蚀与防护[M].北京:中国电力出版社,1998: 118～152
[32]李茂东.工业锅炉铁杂质污染与控制.腐蚀与防护[J].2002, 23(9):26～28
[33]聂玉强,陈永根,黄仕伟.蒸汽管网凝结水闭式回收装置原理及应用[J],热能动力工程.2002,17(98):204～206
[34]郝景泰.工业锅炉水处理技术[M].北京:气象出版社,2003:183～192
[35]江学成,胡宁利,张家应,李玺,金义生,赵美玲,曹志章,袁福华.射流负压吸引器[P]中华人民共和国:CN01217695.8 ,2001年
[36]费志雄.高温泵机械密封失效分析与改进[J]..中国设备工程,2005(2):24～26
[37]关醒凡,邱光纯.现代泵技术手册[M].中国宇航出版社.1995:1～808
[38]李敬泽.电磁除铁过滤器在供热回水系统的应用[J]..工业水处理,1986,03: 8～19
[39]高登山.冷凝水回收处理技术[J]..河南化工.2008,11,27～30
[40]王杏卿.热力设备的腐蚀与防护[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1994(82～84)
[41]姚继贤,张辉.工业锅炉防垢除垢技术[M].北京:原子能出版社,1993(355～359)
[42]固定式压力容器安全技术监察规程[S].中国:国家质量监督检验检疫总局,2010.11.05
[43]GB/T 1576-2008 ,工业锅炉水质[S].中国:国家质量技术监督局,2008-09-26
[44] GB/T10180-2003,工业锅炉热工性能试验规程[S].中国:刘复田沈元龙,2004-8-1
[2]国家特种设备安全监察局.关于2010年全国特种设备安全状况的情况通报[R].北京:国家质检总局,2011(6)
[3]国务院.国务院关于印发“十二五”节能减排综合性工作方案的通知,国发〔2011〕26号
[4]张翠清,杜铭华,郭冶等.工业锅炉及窑炉节能减排技术途径与关键问题分析[J].中国能源,2008,(2):16～20
[5]国家发展和改革委员会.节能中长期专项规划.(2004)
[6]T. West, From mechanical to electronic control in industrial burners, Technical Bulletin Energy Technology and Control Ltd., 2002.
[7] D. Chau et al., The industrial assessment center energy and waste management assistance for industry, A Department of Energy Sponsored Program, Assessment Report, Arizona, 1996.
[8] N.A. Oseland, Acceptable temperature ranges in naturally ventilated and air-conditioned offices, ASHRAE Technical Data Bulletin 14 (1) (1998) :50～62.
[9]邝平健,过伟权,王显章等.工业锅炉节能方法及应用[J].黑龙江电力,2007,29(26):464～466
[10]陈慧,愈增盛,晏富年.节煤改造炉拱技术的应用[J].上海节能,2007(2):40～42
[11]张润霞,肖继昌.企业热平衡与节能技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993
[12]车得福,刘银河供热锅炉及其系统节能[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2008
[13]宋徐辉.我国蒸汽锅炉系统现状及节能潜力[J].节能与环保,2007(1):52～54.
[14]高田敏则,平正登.凝结水回收与利用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1992
[15]马隆龙,肖艳京.密闭式蒸汽冷凝水回收技术及其应用[J].中国能源.1995,09:30～33
[16]李茂东,黎华,钟志强.工业锅炉能耗现状分析与节能措施[J].节能减排,2009:67～69
[17]王善武,吕岩岩,吴晓云,范兵兵.工业锅炉行业节能减排与战略性发展[J],工业锅炉2011(1):1～4
[18]王睿,李莹.影响燃煤工业锅炉锅炉能耗的因素及技改措施[J],装备制造技术.2011(9):210～212
[19]钟玲仪,袁华强.水处理在锅炉节能降耗方面的应用[J],广东化工.2007(7):210～212
[20]美国能源部.国际能源展望2004[M],2004
[21]汤凤,尹显录,胡念武,黄禄全.蒸汽锅炉冷凝水回收控制方法及效益分析[J].2008(4):32～35
[22]崔忠毅.冷凝水回收项目热力分析与经济评价研究[D].上海:同济大学,2008
[23]DL/T 5068-2006,火力发电厂化学设计技术规程[S].中国:中华人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会,2006.9
[24]工业锅炉设计制造、安装调试与安全检验及国家强制性标准规范[S].中国:工业科学出版社,2009.5
[25]关文吉,刘伟,冯圣红.蒸汽锅炉连续排污余热回收分析[J],暖通空调.2010(40),1:51～54
[26]Gnielinski V.New equations for heat and transfer in turbulent pipe channel flows [J].Int Chem Eng,1976,16:359-368
[27]何华.连续排热量回收利用[J],北京节能.1997(2):28～29
[28]吴味隆.锅炉及锅炉房设备[M].4版.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006
[29]陈善生,饶玉明,李雪松.蒸汽系统节能方案[A].2007年全国水处理、节水节能及环保精细化学品学术论文交流会论文集[C].南京,2007:298～302
[30]吴新.浅谈染整企业蒸汽冷凝水的回收设计[J],节能.2002(3):17～20
[31]龚洵洁.热力设备的腐蚀与防护[M].北京:中国电力出版社,1998: 118～152
[32]李茂东.工业锅炉铁杂质污染与控制.腐蚀与防护[J].2002, 23(9):26～28
[33]聂玉强,陈永根,黄仕伟.蒸汽管网凝结水闭式回收装置原理及应用[J],热能动力工程.2002,17(98):204～206
[34]郝景泰.工业锅炉水处理技术[M].北京:气象出版社,2003:183～192
[35]江学成,胡宁利,张家应,李玺,金义生,赵美玲,曹志章,袁福华.射流负压吸引器[P]中华人民共和国:CN01217695.8 ,2001年
[36]费志雄.高温泵机械密封失效分析与改进[J]..中国设备工程,2005(2):24～26
[37]关醒凡,邱光纯.现代泵技术手册[M].中国宇航出版社.1995:1～808
[38]李敬泽.电磁除铁过滤器在供热回水系统的应用[J]..工业水处理,1986,03: 8～19
[39]高登山.冷凝水回收处理技术[J]..河南化工.2008,11,27～30
[40]王杏卿.热力设备的腐蚀与防护[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1994(82～84)
[41]姚继贤,张辉.工业锅炉防垢除垢技术[M].北京:原子能出版社,1993(355～359)
[42]固定式压力容器安全技术监察规程[S].中国:国家质量监督检验检疫总局,2010.11.05
[43]GB/T 1576-2008 ,工业锅炉水质[S].中国:国家质量技术监督局,2008-09-26
[44] GB/T10180-2003,工业锅炉热工性能试验规程[S].中国:刘复田沈元龙,2004-8-1