不同运动模式下永磁轨道上方高温超导体悬浮性能的研究
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摘要
高温超导磁悬浮技术利用块状高温超导体的磁通钉扎原理,在外部磁激励条件下,实现无需主动控制的静态稳定悬浮,这种优良的被动悬浮技术,不仅具备普通磁悬浮系统的技术优势,而且结构简单,应用便利,可靠性高,在磁悬浮交通领域受到越来越多的关注。目前,世界各研究小组研究方向主要集中在高温超导体在永磁体及永磁轨道上做垂直方向、侧向、纵向单个自由度运动时高温超导体的电磁特性,以及高温超导体在永磁体及永磁轨道上做垂直方向与侧向两个自由度复合运动时高温超导体的电磁特性。而针对高温超导磁悬浮车在实际运行中可能出现的不同运动模式,例如从直道进入弯道时在水平面上所产生的圆弧曲线运动,侧向扰动下在水平面上可能出现的车体水平偏移运动即折线形运动以及加减速时车头在垂直面上可能产生的斜线往返运动轨迹,所引起高温超导磁悬浮车悬浮性能变化的研究,尚未见相关报导。为使高温超导磁悬浮实验车早日走出实验室,本论文对折线形运动、斜线往返运动以及圆弧曲线运动三种不同运动模式下永磁轨道上方高温超导块材YBCO(YBa2Cu30x+1)的悬浮性能进行了基础的实验与理论研究。
本论文在改造SCML-01高温超导磁悬浮测试系统基础上,搭建了可实现上述三种运动模式的高温超导磁悬浮实验平台,在垂直面上通过纵向与垂直两个自由度的复合运动,研究了场冷情况下块材组合、反应急缓加减速特点的斜线往返运动角度及运动次数对悬浮力的影响；在水平面上通过纵向与侧向两个自由度的复合运动,研究了场冷情况下折线形运动的侧向位移、角度与力矩的关系以及场冷情况下圆弧曲线运动的弧形大小、轨道倾斜角度与力矩的关系。本论文针对上述不同的运动模式,引入不同的运动控制方程,结合洛仑兹力公式和能量公式,建立高温超导磁悬浮不同运动模式下多物理场耦合暂态非线性模型；在学习相关电磁场理论与超导理论的基础上,利用高温超导电磁场的超导本构关系,即磁通流动与蠕动的E-J本构关系模型,求解高温超导体内部的电流密度J；通过改变块材的临界电流密度、不同的运动速度、不同运动模式下运动路径的大小以及改变轨道倾斜度等因素,采用comsol软件完成悬浮力与导向力的三维数值计算,进一步深入研究高温超导体的内在因素与外部条件对其悬浮性能的影响。
上述实验与理论研究结果表明,通过提高高温超导体的临界电流密度和适当地改变外部条件可以提高高温超导体在上述不同运动模式下的悬浮性能。论文的研究结果将为高温超导磁悬浮车的工程应用提供具有一定参考价值的测试数据和设计依据。
By using the flux pinning principle of high temperature superconductor bulk, high temperature superconducting (HTS) maglev technology can realize static stable suspension without active control in the appropriate external magnetic excitating condition. And this kind of excellent passive suspension technology, not only has the technical advantages of common magnetic levitation system, but also has such characters as simple structure, convenient application and high reliability. So this technology acquires more and more attention in the traffic field. Now, every HTS research group of the world maily focuses on HTS electromagnetic properties, occurring in the HTS specimens over permanent magnet (PM) or the permanent magnet guideway (PMG) moving along single direction of longitudinal, vertical or lateral direction respectively, or both vertical and lateral direction simultaneously. But in the actual operation conditions, HTS maglev train may experience different movement modes, such as arc curve movement in the horizontal plane when the HTS train enters into the curve from the straight guideway, train body lateral excursion movement (namely broken line movement) in the horizontal plane caused by lateral disturbances, and possible slant-line type movement in the vertical plane of the train tip edges when accelerating or decelerating. And the related reports of research on above different movement modes have not appeared yet. For the purpose of HTS maglev train practical application early, this dissertation does some basic experiment and theoretical research of the HTS bulk YBCO (YBa2Cu3Ox+1) maglev characters when bulks operate broken line type movement, slant-line movement and arc curve movement respectively above the PMG.
Based on improving the high-temperature superconducting maglev measuremeant system (SCML-01) of Applied Superconductivity Laboratory, Southwest Jiaotong University (ASCLab), this dissertation constructs the HTS experiment platform of above three movement modes. With the composite movement of longitudinal and vertical axises, this dissertation studies the influence on levitation force with different bulk combination, slant-line angle representing the feature of slow and softly or suddenly increasing or decreasing the speed, and the movement times on field-cooling (FC) position; With the composite movement of longitudinal and lateral axises, this dissertation discusses the relationship of torque and both different lateral displacement and broken line type angle on FC position, and researches the relationship of torque and both the size of arc movent and slant angle of the PMG on FC position. Meanwhile, by introducing different movement control equation according to different movement modes and combing with Lorenz force formula and energy formula, this dissertation establishes the transient nonlinear model with multi-physical field coupling. And through studying the related theory of electromagnetic fields and superconductivity theory, this dissertation solutes the current density J within HTS bulk, by using the superconducting constitutive relation of HTS electromagnetic fields, namely the E-J constitutive relation model of flux flow and creep. By changing such parameters of HTS bulk as critical current density, moving speed, the size of moving path and PMG slanting angle, the dissertation completes the three dimensional numerical calculation of levitation force and guiding force with the comsol software, and further studies that the HTS internal factors and external conditions influence on maglev performance.
The experimental and theoretical research results show that by improving HTS critical current density and external conditions, the HTS maglev performance can be improved in the case of above different movement modes. In addition, this dissertation research results will provide the test data and design consideration for engineering application of HTS maglev train.
本论文在改造SCML-01高温超导磁悬浮测试系统基础上,搭建了可实现上述三种运动模式的高温超导磁悬浮实验平台,在垂直面上通过纵向与垂直两个自由度的复合运动,研究了场冷情况下块材组合、反应急缓加减速特点的斜线往返运动角度及运动次数对悬浮力的影响；在水平面上通过纵向与侧向两个自由度的复合运动,研究了场冷情况下折线形运动的侧向位移、角度与力矩的关系以及场冷情况下圆弧曲线运动的弧形大小、轨道倾斜角度与力矩的关系。本论文针对上述不同的运动模式,引入不同的运动控制方程,结合洛仑兹力公式和能量公式,建立高温超导磁悬浮不同运动模式下多物理场耦合暂态非线性模型；在学习相关电磁场理论与超导理论的基础上,利用高温超导电磁场的超导本构关系,即磁通流动与蠕动的E-J本构关系模型,求解高温超导体内部的电流密度J；通过改变块材的临界电流密度、不同的运动速度、不同运动模式下运动路径的大小以及改变轨道倾斜度等因素,采用comsol软件完成悬浮力与导向力的三维数值计算,进一步深入研究高温超导体的内在因素与外部条件对其悬浮性能的影响。
上述实验与理论研究结果表明,通过提高高温超导体的临界电流密度和适当地改变外部条件可以提高高温超导体在上述不同运动模式下的悬浮性能。论文的研究结果将为高温超导磁悬浮车的工程应用提供具有一定参考价值的测试数据和设计依据。
By using the flux pinning principle of high temperature superconductor bulk, high temperature superconducting (HTS) maglev technology can realize static stable suspension without active control in the appropriate external magnetic excitating condition. And this kind of excellent passive suspension technology, not only has the technical advantages of common magnetic levitation system, but also has such characters as simple structure, convenient application and high reliability. So this technology acquires more and more attention in the traffic field. Now, every HTS research group of the world maily focuses on HTS electromagnetic properties, occurring in the HTS specimens over permanent magnet (PM) or the permanent magnet guideway (PMG) moving along single direction of longitudinal, vertical or lateral direction respectively, or both vertical and lateral direction simultaneously. But in the actual operation conditions, HTS maglev train may experience different movement modes, such as arc curve movement in the horizontal plane when the HTS train enters into the curve from the straight guideway, train body lateral excursion movement (namely broken line movement) in the horizontal plane caused by lateral disturbances, and possible slant-line type movement in the vertical plane of the train tip edges when accelerating or decelerating. And the related reports of research on above different movement modes have not appeared yet. For the purpose of HTS maglev train practical application early, this dissertation does some basic experiment and theoretical research of the HTS bulk YBCO (YBa2Cu3Ox+1) maglev characters when bulks operate broken line type movement, slant-line movement and arc curve movement respectively above the PMG.
Based on improving the high-temperature superconducting maglev measuremeant system (SCML-01) of Applied Superconductivity Laboratory, Southwest Jiaotong University (ASCLab), this dissertation constructs the HTS experiment platform of above three movement modes. With the composite movement of longitudinal and vertical axises, this dissertation studies the influence on levitation force with different bulk combination, slant-line angle representing the feature of slow and softly or suddenly increasing or decreasing the speed, and the movement times on field-cooling (FC) position; With the composite movement of longitudinal and lateral axises, this dissertation discusses the relationship of torque and both different lateral displacement and broken line type angle on FC position, and researches the relationship of torque and both the size of arc movent and slant angle of the PMG on FC position. Meanwhile, by introducing different movement control equation according to different movement modes and combing with Lorenz force formula and energy formula, this dissertation establishes the transient nonlinear model with multi-physical field coupling. And through studying the related theory of electromagnetic fields and superconductivity theory, this dissertation solutes the current density J within HTS bulk, by using the superconducting constitutive relation of HTS electromagnetic fields, namely the E-J constitutive relation model of flux flow and creep. By changing such parameters of HTS bulk as critical current density, moving speed, the size of moving path and PMG slanting angle, the dissertation completes the three dimensional numerical calculation of levitation force and guiding force with the comsol software, and further studies that the HTS internal factors and external conditions influence on maglev performance.
The experimental and theoretical research results show that by improving HTS critical current density and external conditions, the HTS maglev performance can be improved in the case of above different movement modes. In addition, this dissertation research results will provide the test data and design consideration for engineering application of HTS maglev train.
引文
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