清净分散剂提高喷气燃料热氧化安定性研究
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摘要
喷气燃料是国民经济的重要能源，它作为飞机血液在飞机的发展过程中起着重要的作用，尤其是喷气燃料的质量问题关系到飞机的性能与安全。随着航空技术的发展，对喷气燃料的质量要求越来越高，而原有喷气燃料的热氧化安定性已不能满足现代飞机的需要。为了适应现代飞机对喷气燃料热氧化安定性的需求，必须提高喷气燃料的热氧化安定性。
提高喷气燃料热氧化安定性的方法主要有两种：改变炼油工艺和向喷气燃料中添加抗高温添加剂。
本文在国内首次提出了通过选用清净分散剂来提高喷气燃料的高热氧化安定性的可能性，并对清狰分散剂进行了筛选。第一次使用高雷诺数热氧化安定性实验机来定量检测喷气燃料的热氧化安定性。
本文合成了新型耐高温无灰型清净分散剂——大分子硫磷酯，并证明其在喷气燃料中使用有较好的抗高温氧化安定性效果。
通过静态热氧化安定性实验和动态热氧化安定性实验，研究考察了清净分散剂对喷气燃料热氧化安定性的影响。结果证明：大分子硫磷酯和辅助剂共同使用，能显著提高喷气燃料的热氧化安定性，可使喷气燃料的使用温度提高50℃以上。
同时，本文在理论上对清净分散剂的抗氧化机理进行了探讨，并通过元素分析、红外光谱等技术对大分子硫磷酯的结构进行了表征。
Jet fuel is a sort of important energy to national economy and It is the blood of aircrafts. Jet fuel play a important role during the development of aircrafts. Especially the quality of Jet fuel inflences the performance and safety of aircraft. Along with the development of the aviation technology, the superior quality Jet fuel is needed. But now, the thermal stability of Jet fuel doesn' t meet the need of modern aircraft. In order to suit the need of modern aircraft, the thermal oxidation stability of Jet fuel must be improved.
There are two sort of methods to improve the thermal oxidation stability of Jet fuel, one is changing technology of refine, another is adding the additive to Jet fuels.
This thesis for the internal first time puts forward the possibility of using dispersant for improving the thermal oxidation stability of Jet fuel, at same time the dispersant were chosen.
This thesis discribed the method of synthesizing the ashless dispersant梑ig molecule phosphosulfurized ester, and certify that It is good for improving thermal stability of Jet fuel.
Through the experiment of thermal stability of Jet fuel, the inflence of dispersant to thermal stability of Jet fuel was inspected, the result expresses that one kind of dispersant and assistant can remarkably improve the thermal oxidition stability of Jet fuel.
This paper principially discusses the theories of anoxidition of dispersant. this thesis uses the chemical element analysis, IR ect. for the token of the big molecule phosphosulfurized ester.
提高喷气燃料热氧化安定性的方法主要有两种：改变炼油工艺和向喷气燃料中添加抗高温添加剂。
本文在国内首次提出了通过选用清净分散剂来提高喷气燃料的高热氧化安定性的可能性，并对清狰分散剂进行了筛选。第一次使用高雷诺数热氧化安定性实验机来定量检测喷气燃料的热氧化安定性。
本文合成了新型耐高温无灰型清净分散剂——大分子硫磷酯，并证明其在喷气燃料中使用有较好的抗高温氧化安定性效果。
通过静态热氧化安定性实验和动态热氧化安定性实验，研究考察了清净分散剂对喷气燃料热氧化安定性的影响。结果证明：大分子硫磷酯和辅助剂共同使用，能显著提高喷气燃料的热氧化安定性，可使喷气燃料的使用温度提高50℃以上。
同时，本文在理论上对清净分散剂的抗氧化机理进行了探讨，并通过元素分析、红外光谱等技术对大分子硫磷酯的结构进行了表征。
Jet fuel is a sort of important energy to national economy and It is the blood of aircrafts. Jet fuel play a important role during the development of aircrafts. Especially the quality of Jet fuel inflences the performance and safety of aircraft. Along with the development of the aviation technology, the superior quality Jet fuel is needed. But now, the thermal stability of Jet fuel doesn' t meet the need of modern aircraft. In order to suit the need of modern aircraft, the thermal oxidation stability of Jet fuel must be improved.
There are two sort of methods to improve the thermal oxidation stability of Jet fuel, one is changing technology of refine, another is adding the additive to Jet fuels.
This thesis for the internal first time puts forward the possibility of using dispersant for improving the thermal oxidation stability of Jet fuel, at same time the dispersant were chosen.
This thesis discribed the method of synthesizing the ashless dispersant梑ig molecule phosphosulfurized ester, and certify that It is good for improving thermal stability of Jet fuel.
Through the experiment of thermal stability of Jet fuel, the inflence of dispersant to thermal stability of Jet fuel was inspected, the result expresses that one kind of dispersant and assistant can remarkably improve the thermal oxidition stability of Jet fuel.
This paper principially discusses the theories of anoxidition of dispersant. this thesis uses the chemical element analysis, IR ect. for the token of the big molecule phosphosulfurized ester.
引文
[1] A．A．勃拉特科夫主编．常汝楫译．发动机化学理论基础．空军油料研究所．1986．12-16
[2] Thermal Decomposition of Aircraft Fuel, Marteney P J, Spadaccini L J, ASME J. ENG. GAS TURB., POWER, 108, 648 (1986)
[3] B．A．皮斯库诺夫，B．H．兹列洛夫著．常汝楫译．发动机化学手册．解放军出版社．1983．45-46
[4] E．T．杰尼索夫，F．N．柯瓦列夫著．常汝楫译．喷气燃料的氧化及其抑制．烃加工出版社．1987．15-17
[5] 杜博夫金，马苏尔，马拉尼切娃，费奥多罗夫著．常汝楫译．喷气燃料性能手册．航空工业出版社．1990．10
[6] B．A．皮斯库诺夫，B．H．兹列洛夫著．常汝楫译．燃料对喷气发动机和飞机可靠性的影响．中国人民解放军空军后勤部油料部．1981．48-52
[7] 刘济瀛著．中国喷气燃料．中国石化出版社．1991．40-43
[8] 郑发正主编．油料应用学．中国矿业大学出版社．1998．13
[9] 费逸伟，郑发正编著．石油化学与炼制．中国矿业大学出版社．1996．24-25
[10] 毕载俊等著．喷气燃料性能手册．石油化工科学研究院．1984．33
[11] Bolshakov G F, The Physico-Chemical Principles of the Formation of Deposits in Jet Fuels, AD-781 164 Foreign Technology Division, pp. 19-23 (1974)
[12] Edwards T, Research in Hydrocarbon Fuels for Hypersonics, JANNAF, December 1996.11-14
[13] J. S. Ervin, T. F. Williams, etc, The Effects of Dissolved Oxygen Concentration, Fractional Oxygen Consumption, and Additives on JP-8 Thermal Stability, ASME J. ENG. GAS TURB. POWER, 119, 822 (1997)
[14] Jamme S. Ervin, etc, The Effects of Oxygen Scavenging on Jet Fuel Thermal Stability, Petroleum Chemical Inc 211th National Meeting, 1996.36
[15] 黎文济著．喷气燃料应用．石油工业出版社．1996．55-57
[16] 高尚志，李斌才编著．航空油料应用手册．空军后勤部油料部．1984．17-18
[17] 黎文济．航空油料应用丛书(喷气燃料应用)．石油工业出版社．1996．12
[18] 常汝楫编著．俄罗斯航空油料史．空军油料研究所．1998．39-42
[19] 黎文济，常汝楫编著．美苏航空油料发展简史．国防工业出版社．1993．6-10
[20] K．K．巴帕克等编著，张溥译．喷气燃料与火箭燃料．中国工业出版社．1965．22-23
[21] 黄毅．国外航空油料研究现状及发展趋势．军用航油．2001，4，42-45
[22] T. Edwards, S. D. Anderson, etc, High Temperature Thermally Stable JP Fuels—An Overview, AIAA-92-0683. 1992.10-12
[23] S. P. Henghan, S. Zabarnick, D. R. Ballal, W. E. Harrison, IP-8+100: The Development of High Thermal Stability Jet Fuel, AIAA-96-0403. 1996.
[24] Spencer. E. Taylor, Design and Current Status of Development of A Jet Fuel Thermal Stability Additive, ISABE-99-7276. 1999.14-15
[25] Yoon EM, Selvaraj L, etc, High-Temperature Stabilizers for Jet Fuels and Similar Hydrocarbon Mixtures, 1, Comparative Studies of Hydrogen Donors, Energy& Fuels, Vol. 10, pp. 806-811, 1996.3-5
[26] Wade A. Wegner, JP-8+100 New additive improves thermal stability of jet fuel, RAF Lakenheath ushered in jet fuel for the 21st century on March 16 1998.13-14
[27] K. E. Binns, Evaluation of High Thermal Stability Fuels for Future Aircraft, G. L. Dieterle, AIAA-94-3171. 1994. 15
[28] Edwin. Corporan, etc, Assessment of Radical Stabilizing Additives for JP-8 Fuel, AIAA-98-35693. 1998.22-23
[29] Air Force fuel additive saves police departments money, Sdrena Mosley-Day, Air Force News, 26 Apr 1999.5
[30] Ed Owen, ere, Implications of JPS+100 for Army Aviation and Ground Forces, Fuel line, Vol. 2, 1999.13
[31] 张东，王海鸣．美军先进燃料研究综述．军用航油，2001，1
[32] 黄文轩，韩长宁编．润滑油与燃料添加剂手册．中国石化出版社．1994．21-23
[33] 毕载俊．国外喷气燃料添加剂使用情况．国外航空油料．1987，3
[34] 井俊男编著．石油产品添加剂翻译组译．石油产品添加剂．石油工业出版社．1980．3-7
[35] A. Jgrodzek, Chem. Ind.,1965,482
[36] J. W. verway and J. T. G. overbeek," Theory of the Stability of Lyophobic Colloid," Elsevier (1948)
[37] K. Tamaribuch and M. 1. smith, J. Colloid &Interface Sci.,22, 404(1969)
[2] Thermal Decomposition of Aircraft Fuel, Marteney P J, Spadaccini L J, ASME J. ENG. GAS TURB., POWER, 108, 648 (1986)
[3] B．A．皮斯库诺夫，B．H．兹列洛夫著．常汝楫译．发动机化学手册．解放军出版社．1983．45-46
[4] E．T．杰尼索夫，F．N．柯瓦列夫著．常汝楫译．喷气燃料的氧化及其抑制．烃加工出版社．1987．15-17
[5] 杜博夫金，马苏尔，马拉尼切娃，费奥多罗夫著．常汝楫译．喷气燃料性能手册．航空工业出版社．1990．10
[6] B．A．皮斯库诺夫，B．H．兹列洛夫著．常汝楫译．燃料对喷气发动机和飞机可靠性的影响．中国人民解放军空军后勤部油料部．1981．48-52
[7] 刘济瀛著．中国喷气燃料．中国石化出版社．1991．40-43
[8] 郑发正主编．油料应用学．中国矿业大学出版社．1998．13
[9] 费逸伟，郑发正编著．石油化学与炼制．中国矿业大学出版社．1996．24-25
[10] 毕载俊等著．喷气燃料性能手册．石油化工科学研究院．1984．33
[11] Bolshakov G F, The Physico-Chemical Principles of the Formation of Deposits in Jet Fuels, AD-781 164 Foreign Technology Division, pp. 19-23 (1974)
[12] Edwards T, Research in Hydrocarbon Fuels for Hypersonics, JANNAF, December 1996.11-14
[13] J. S. Ervin, T. F. Williams, etc, The Effects of Dissolved Oxygen Concentration, Fractional Oxygen Consumption, and Additives on JP-8 Thermal Stability, ASME J. ENG. GAS TURB. POWER, 119, 822 (1997)
[14] Jamme S. Ervin, etc, The Effects of Oxygen Scavenging on Jet Fuel Thermal Stability, Petroleum Chemical Inc 211th National Meeting, 1996.36
[15] 黎文济著．喷气燃料应用．石油工业出版社．1996．55-57
[16] 高尚志，李斌才编著．航空油料应用手册．空军后勤部油料部．1984．17-18
[17] 黎文济．航空油料应用丛书(喷气燃料应用)．石油工业出版社．1996．12
[18] 常汝楫编著．俄罗斯航空油料史．空军油料研究所．1998．39-42
[19] 黎文济，常汝楫编著．美苏航空油料发展简史．国防工业出版社．1993．6-10
[20] K．K．巴帕克等编著，张溥译．喷气燃料与火箭燃料．中国工业出版社．1965．22-23
[21] 黄毅．国外航空油料研究现状及发展趋势．军用航油．2001，4，42-45
[22] T. Edwards, S. D. Anderson, etc, High Temperature Thermally Stable JP Fuels—An Overview, AIAA-92-0683. 1992.10-12
[23] S. P. Henghan, S. Zabarnick, D. R. Ballal, W. E. Harrison, IP-8+100: The Development of High Thermal Stability Jet Fuel, AIAA-96-0403. 1996.
[24] Spencer. E. Taylor, Design and Current Status of Development of A Jet Fuel Thermal Stability Additive, ISABE-99-7276. 1999.14-15
[25] Yoon EM, Selvaraj L, etc, High-Temperature Stabilizers for Jet Fuels and Similar Hydrocarbon Mixtures, 1, Comparative Studies of Hydrogen Donors, Energy& Fuels, Vol. 10, pp. 806-811, 1996.3-5
[26] Wade A. Wegner, JP-8+100 New additive improves thermal stability of jet fuel, RAF Lakenheath ushered in jet fuel for the 21st century on March 16 1998.13-14
[27] K. E. Binns, Evaluation of High Thermal Stability Fuels for Future Aircraft, G. L. Dieterle, AIAA-94-3171. 1994. 15
[28] Edwin. Corporan, etc, Assessment of Radical Stabilizing Additives for JP-8 Fuel, AIAA-98-35693. 1998.22-23
[29] Air Force fuel additive saves police departments money, Sdrena Mosley-Day, Air Force News, 26 Apr 1999.5
[30] Ed Owen, ere, Implications of JPS+100 for Army Aviation and Ground Forces, Fuel line, Vol. 2, 1999.13
[31] 张东，王海鸣．美军先进燃料研究综述．军用航油，2001，1
[32] 黄文轩，韩长宁编．润滑油与燃料添加剂手册．中国石化出版社．1994．21-23
[33] 毕载俊．国外喷气燃料添加剂使用情况．国外航空油料．1987，3
[34] 井俊男编著．石油产品添加剂翻译组译．石油产品添加剂．石油工业出版社．1980．3-7
[35] A. Jgrodzek, Chem. Ind.,1965,482
[36] J. W. verway and J. T. G. overbeek," Theory of the Stability of Lyophobic Colloid," Elsevier (1948)
[37] K. Tamaribuch and M. 1. smith, J. Colloid &Interface Sci.,22, 404(1969)