采动影响下地面钻井的变形破坏机理研究
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摘要
地面钻井抽采采动影响煤层及采空区瓦斯是进行煤矿瓦斯治理和抽采利用的有效方法。然而,煤层的采动影响使得回采工作面通过地面钻井位置附近时钻井往往迅速发生破坏,不能充分利用地面钻井的抽采效能。本论文依托国家重大基础研究发展计划(973)课题“煤岩瓦斯动力灾害的动力学演化机理”和国家科技支撑计划课题“地面钻孔抽放采动影响煤层及采空区瓦斯关键技术”,对地面钻井的变形破坏机理进行了如下几方面的研究:
(1)基于地表沉陷规律和复合岩梁变形规律,分析了采动影响下采场上覆岩层层间剪切滑移和挤压变形规律,构建了采动影响下采场上覆岩层的复合等效岩梁模型,获得了等效复合岩梁层间滑移和挤压变形的分布规律。
(2)通过分析地面钻井套管变形形式,构建了采动影响下地面钻井变形破坏的层间剪切滑移破坏模型和挤压变形破坏模型,分析了采动影响下地面钻井的变形破坏机理,获得了地面钻井在采动影响下的“S”型剪切破坏模式和椭圆形挤压破坏模式;
(3)基于采动影响下的采场上覆岩层移动规律和建立的地面钻井变形破坏的剪切滑移破坏模型和挤压变形破坏模型,分析了地面钻井剪切滑移变形和挤压变形沿采区倾向方向的空间变化规律和随回采工作面推进的时间变化规律,获得了地面钻井变形破坏的时空影响效应,以为地面钻井布井位置的选择提供理论基础;
(4)分析了关键层、厚基岩层、厚表土层等地质因素和采场尺寸、顶板管理方法和回采速度等回采工艺对地面钻井变形破坏的影响效应,为地面钻井的工程防护措施的选择提供理论依据;
(5)通过相似材料模型试验和数值模拟试验对采动影响下采场上覆岩层的移动规律、地面钻井变形破坏机理和时空规律及采场上覆岩层物性参数的影响效应进行了验证分析;
(6)结合淮南矿业集团谢桥煤矿的地面钻井工程实例,对构建的理论模型进行了应用检验,并结合理论分析给出了工程的改进措施和防护对策;
(7)基于理论模型和试验分析,提出了地面钻井的施工布井位置的选择原则、钻井的工程防护措施的设计依据。
Surface borehole well is a simply and high performance method to drawing coal bed and goaf gas which controlling and making good use of the coal mine gas. But the coal extraction affects the surface borhohle well greatly. When the working face pass near the surface borehole position the borehole well often fractures fast and the surface borehole won’t be made a most of utility. So base on the National Great Research Foundation of China (973 Programs)“Mechanism of coal and rock’gas dynamic disastrous evolution”, and the National Technology Support Program of China“Key technologys of surface borehole drawing coal bed and goaf gas”, this thesis give a study on the surface borehole well fracture mechanism in the following aspects:
(1) Based on the ground subsidence rule and composite rock beam deformation rule, shear slippage rule of rock strata interlayers and compression deformation of rock stratum over the coal mining district was analyzed, the composite equivalent rock beam model under extraction disturbance was set up and gain the distribution rule of equivalent composite rock beam interlayer slippage and rock stratum compression deformation.
(2) Based on the surface borehole well collapse forms this thesis set up the rock strata interlayer shear slippage model and rock stratum compression deformation model and analyzed the fracture mechanism. The interlayer slippage“S”mode and rock stratum compression ellipse mode of surface borehole was gained.
(3) Based on the rock strata movement rule under extraction disturbance and the surface borehole fracture model this thesis analyse the surface borehole rock strata interlayer shear slippage and rock stratum compression deformation distribution rule in the incline of the coal mining district and the time variety rule with the extraction. This will give guide for selecting the surface borehole’s engineer positions.
(4) The effect of geo factor such as key stratum, thick rock stratum and thick surface soil layer and extraction technicque such as stope dimension, roof contol method and extraction velocity to the surface borehole fracture was analized. This will give a theory reference for protecting measures making.
(5) With the similar material tests and 3-D numeric simulation tests the rock strata movement rules, surface borehole deformation fracture rules, its time and space rules and the rock strata physical characteristics effect was give a check analysis.
(6) With the examples of surface borehole in Xieqiao Coal Mine of Huainan Minging Industy the theoretical model was given a checking and applying.
(7) Gaining the surface borehole position selecting principle, the surface borehole protecting methods and its design consideration.
(1)基于地表沉陷规律和复合岩梁变形规律,分析了采动影响下采场上覆岩层层间剪切滑移和挤压变形规律,构建了采动影响下采场上覆岩层的复合等效岩梁模型,获得了等效复合岩梁层间滑移和挤压变形的分布规律。
(2)通过分析地面钻井套管变形形式,构建了采动影响下地面钻井变形破坏的层间剪切滑移破坏模型和挤压变形破坏模型,分析了采动影响下地面钻井的变形破坏机理,获得了地面钻井在采动影响下的“S”型剪切破坏模式和椭圆形挤压破坏模式;
(3)基于采动影响下的采场上覆岩层移动规律和建立的地面钻井变形破坏的剪切滑移破坏模型和挤压变形破坏模型,分析了地面钻井剪切滑移变形和挤压变形沿采区倾向方向的空间变化规律和随回采工作面推进的时间变化规律,获得了地面钻井变形破坏的时空影响效应,以为地面钻井布井位置的选择提供理论基础;
(4)分析了关键层、厚基岩层、厚表土层等地质因素和采场尺寸、顶板管理方法和回采速度等回采工艺对地面钻井变形破坏的影响效应,为地面钻井的工程防护措施的选择提供理论依据;
(5)通过相似材料模型试验和数值模拟试验对采动影响下采场上覆岩层的移动规律、地面钻井变形破坏机理和时空规律及采场上覆岩层物性参数的影响效应进行了验证分析;
(6)结合淮南矿业集团谢桥煤矿的地面钻井工程实例,对构建的理论模型进行了应用检验,并结合理论分析给出了工程的改进措施和防护对策;
(7)基于理论模型和试验分析,提出了地面钻井的施工布井位置的选择原则、钻井的工程防护措施的设计依据。
Surface borehole well is a simply and high performance method to drawing coal bed and goaf gas which controlling and making good use of the coal mine gas. But the coal extraction affects the surface borhohle well greatly. When the working face pass near the surface borehole position the borehole well often fractures fast and the surface borehole won’t be made a most of utility. So base on the National Great Research Foundation of China (973 Programs)“Mechanism of coal and rock’gas dynamic disastrous evolution”, and the National Technology Support Program of China“Key technologys of surface borehole drawing coal bed and goaf gas”, this thesis give a study on the surface borehole well fracture mechanism in the following aspects:
(1) Based on the ground subsidence rule and composite rock beam deformation rule, shear slippage rule of rock strata interlayers and compression deformation of rock stratum over the coal mining district was analyzed, the composite equivalent rock beam model under extraction disturbance was set up and gain the distribution rule of equivalent composite rock beam interlayer slippage and rock stratum compression deformation.
(2) Based on the surface borehole well collapse forms this thesis set up the rock strata interlayer shear slippage model and rock stratum compression deformation model and analyzed the fracture mechanism. The interlayer slippage“S”mode and rock stratum compression ellipse mode of surface borehole was gained.
(3) Based on the rock strata movement rule under extraction disturbance and the surface borehole fracture model this thesis analyse the surface borehole rock strata interlayer shear slippage and rock stratum compression deformation distribution rule in the incline of the coal mining district and the time variety rule with the extraction. This will give guide for selecting the surface borehole’s engineer positions.
(4) The effect of geo factor such as key stratum, thick rock stratum and thick surface soil layer and extraction technicque such as stope dimension, roof contol method and extraction velocity to the surface borehole fracture was analized. This will give a theory reference for protecting measures making.
(5) With the similar material tests and 3-D numeric simulation tests the rock strata movement rules, surface borehole deformation fracture rules, its time and space rules and the rock strata physical characteristics effect was give a check analysis.
(6) With the examples of surface borehole in Xieqiao Coal Mine of Huainan Minging Industy the theoretical model was given a checking and applying.
(7) Gaining the surface borehole position selecting principle, the surface borehole protecting methods and its design consideration.
引文
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