粉末冶金T15M高速钢的制备及其性能研究
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摘要
高速钢又称锋钢,是一种高碳高合金莱氏体钢。由于具有高耐磨性、高硬度和耐热性,被广泛的应用于工具、模具和一些特殊零部件上。高速钢具有特殊的结构和性能,在特殊钢的使用中占有不可替代的地位。但是,高速钢大多由传统的浇铸法生成。这种方法生产的高速钢存在组织粗大,成分偏析等问题。
本文采用粉末冶金法分别制备了T15M高速钢和T15M-4NSiC高速钢两种不同成分高速钢,有效的解决了组织粗大及成分偏析的问题。对T15M高速钢的热处理工艺进行了探索,分别研究了T15M高速钢和T15M-4NSiC高速钢的力学性能和滑动磨损机理,利用扫描电镜分析了高速钢的断口形貌以及磨损表面形貌。并且利用热分析法研究了二者的抗氧化性,对高速钢氧化物物相进行了XRD分析。分析了碳化硅的加入对T15M高速钢力学性能、磨损性能和抗氧化性的影响。主要研究结果如下：
T15M高速钢在经1326℃淬火+540℃三次回火处理后的硬度达68.53HRC,碳化物形貌呈球形且大小合适均匀分布,残余奥氏体回火后几乎都转变为回火马氏体(残余奥氏体体积分数3.46%)。
碳化硅的加入能明显的增加T15M高速钢的红硬性和耐磨性,但是确降低了其冲击韧性和抗弯性能,其中冲击韧性更是下降高达48.7%。高温时T15M高速钢表面能生成FeCr型及Fe203氧化膜阻止基体进一步氧化,碳化硅在高温时氧化生成SiO2对阻止高速钢高温氧化具有很好的作用。
High-speed steel (HSS) is high carbon alloy ledeburite steel. It is important tool materials due to the fact that it offers a high wear resistance and high hardness. High-speed steel has special structure and properties, make it plays an irreplace role in special steel industry. But the high-speed steel which was produced by the traditional process has problems like coarse microstructure and composition segregation.
In this thesis, T15M high speed steel and T15M-4NSiC high speed steel fabricated by means of powder metallurgy are studied. Powder metallurgy can solve problems like coarse microstructure and composition segregation effectively. To find better heat treatment process for T15M high speed steel, heat treatment processes was studied. And the mechanical property, wear mechanism and inoxidizability of T15M high speed steel and T15M-4NSiC high speed steel were also studied. The influence of SiC was also studied. The main studies are as follows:
The optimized heat treatment processing of T15M high speed steel is quenching at1326℃and tempering at540℃three times. In this case, the hardness is high (68.53HRC), produced a rounded or globular form of carbide, most of the retained austenite translated into tempered martensite.(The volume fraction of retained austenite was3.46%).
The addition of sic helped to significantly improve red hardness and abrasion performance, but reduced the impact toughness and bending properties, the impact toughness dropped as much as48.7%. At high temperature, a layer of oxides produced on the surface, to prevent further oxidation. Sic was oxidized to SiO2at high temperature to prevent further oxidation.
本文采用粉末冶金法分别制备了T15M高速钢和T15M-4NSiC高速钢两种不同成分高速钢,有效的解决了组织粗大及成分偏析的问题。对T15M高速钢的热处理工艺进行了探索,分别研究了T15M高速钢和T15M-4NSiC高速钢的力学性能和滑动磨损机理,利用扫描电镜分析了高速钢的断口形貌以及磨损表面形貌。并且利用热分析法研究了二者的抗氧化性,对高速钢氧化物物相进行了XRD分析。分析了碳化硅的加入对T15M高速钢力学性能、磨损性能和抗氧化性的影响。主要研究结果如下：
T15M高速钢在经1326℃淬火+540℃三次回火处理后的硬度达68.53HRC,碳化物形貌呈球形且大小合适均匀分布,残余奥氏体回火后几乎都转变为回火马氏体(残余奥氏体体积分数3.46%)。
碳化硅的加入能明显的增加T15M高速钢的红硬性和耐磨性,但是确降低了其冲击韧性和抗弯性能,其中冲击韧性更是下降高达48.7%。高温时T15M高速钢表面能生成FeCr型及Fe203氧化膜阻止基体进一步氧化,碳化硅在高温时氧化生成SiO2对阻止高速钢高温氧化具有很好的作用。
High-speed steel (HSS) is high carbon alloy ledeburite steel. It is important tool materials due to the fact that it offers a high wear resistance and high hardness. High-speed steel has special structure and properties, make it plays an irreplace role in special steel industry. But the high-speed steel which was produced by the traditional process has problems like coarse microstructure and composition segregation.
In this thesis, T15M high speed steel and T15M-4NSiC high speed steel fabricated by means of powder metallurgy are studied. Powder metallurgy can solve problems like coarse microstructure and composition segregation effectively. To find better heat treatment process for T15M high speed steel, heat treatment processes was studied. And the mechanical property, wear mechanism and inoxidizability of T15M high speed steel and T15M-4NSiC high speed steel were also studied. The influence of SiC was also studied. The main studies are as follows:
The optimized heat treatment processing of T15M high speed steel is quenching at1326℃and tempering at540℃three times. In this case, the hardness is high (68.53HRC), produced a rounded or globular form of carbide, most of the retained austenite translated into tempered martensite.(The volume fraction of retained austenite was3.46%).
The addition of sic helped to significantly improve red hardness and abrasion performance, but reduced the impact toughness and bending properties, the impact toughness dropped as much as48.7%. At high temperature, a layer of oxides produced on the surface, to prevent further oxidation. Sic was oxidized to SiO2at high temperature to prevent further oxidation.
引文
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[7]李德超.添加TiC颗粒的M3/2粉末高速钢的组织与摩擦性能研究.[D].哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学,2007.
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[9]李正邦.我国高速钢发展的新特征[J].世界金属导报,2007(10)：5-10.
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[15]任颂赞,张静江,陈质如,施友芳,毛照樵,高汉文.钢铁金相图谱.上海科学技术文献出版社.2003：985
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[18]吴元昌.粉末冶金高速钢生产工艺的发展[J].粉末冶金工业,2007,17(2)：30-36
[19]王丽仙,葛昌纯等.粉末冶金高速钢的发展[J].材料导报,2010,(24)：459-462
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[21]李长青,张俊才,董胜敏等.粉末冶金教程[M].徐州：中国矿业大学出版社,2010,16-28
[22]詹志洪.热等静压技术和设备的应用和发展[J].中国钨业,2005,20(1)：44-47.
[23]刘慧渊,何如松,周武平等.热等静压技术的发展与应用[J].新材料产业,2010,(11)：12-17.
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[25]扬琴.M2高速钢铸带碳化物组织研究[D].重庆：重庆大学.2009
[26]H. J. Goldschmidt. Interstitial Alloys [M].1967:105
[27]王荣滨.高速钢碳化物形貌对热加工及工具寿命的影响[J].工具技术,2000,(34)：20-22
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[29]Huachu Liu, Wen Shi, Yanlin He, Lin Li.The effect of alloy elements on selective oxidation and galvanizability of TRIP-aided steel[J]. Surf. Interface Anal 2010 (42):1685-1689.
[30]姚静,张自强.药物冻干制剂技术的设计及应用[M].北京：中国医药科技出版社,2007：2-3.
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[32]孙企达.冷冻干燥超细粉体技术及应用[M].化学工业出版社,2006,02：10
[33]肖宏伟,黄传伟等.真空冷冻干燥技术的研究现状和发展[J].医疗卫生装备,2010,31(07)：30-32
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[35]何林松.多孔β-TCP生物陶瓷的等静压成型[D].武汉理工大学.2006
[36]尚文静.热等静压(HIP)技术和设备的发展和应用[J].有色冶金设计与研究.2010,31(1)：18-21
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[38]虞伟良.硬度测试技术的新动态与发展趋势[J].理化检验-物理分册.2003,39(8)：401-403
[39]熊文杰,邝先飞,康念铅.X射线在晶体衍射分析中的应用[J].江西化工 2008,(3)：137-140
[40]常铁军,刘喜军.材料近代分析测试方法[M].哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2005.112-119
[41]王威,利用热重分析研究煤的氧化反应过程及特征温度[D].西安：西安科技大学,2005
[42]陈戌.热处理工工艺学.中国劳动出版社.1996：311
[43]白万真,热处理对高钒高速钢组织与滚动磨损性能的影响[D].河南科技大学,2007
[44]A.Okabayashi, H.Morikawa, Y.Tsujimoto.Development and characteristics of high speed steel roll by centrifugal casting [J]. SEAISI Quaterly,1997,2(4):30-40
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