有杆抽油泵系统工作行为仿真研究
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摘要
随着石油天然气勘探开发技术的不断发展，特别是我国各大油田相继进入高含水开发期，为确保原油稳产高产，进一步提高我国机械采油系统的技术水平、提高开采效率、降低开发成本是目前国内十分关注的重要课题。本文在国内外有杆抽油系统研究成果的基础上，通过建立抽油机、抽油泵、杆管液柱及其互作用系统动力学模型，采用计算机仿真技术与生产实际相结合的方法开展抽油泵系统工作行为仿真研究，从而进一步从整体上提高我国机械采油技术水平，完善和发展了有杆抽油系统研究的理论和方法。本论文的研究工作是中国石油天然气集团公司2000年度资助课题“抽油泵工作行为仿真研究”(合同编号2000621-3)的主要研究内容。论文主要开展了以下几方面的研究工作。
1、在分析国内外常规游梁抽油机的发展趋势和技术特点的基础上，重点开展了新型节能抽油机相关技术研究。建立了常规游梁抽油机的几何学模型、运动学模型和动力学模型；建立了调径变矩和下偏杠铃两种新型抽油机的几何学、运动学和动力学等模型；开展了新型节能抽油机节能机理研究；建立了游梁抽油机和新型节能抽油机的参数数据库，为实现对有杆抽油泵系统的仿真研究奠定了基础。
2．在研究抽油杆柱一维、二维、三维纵向振动力学模型的基础上，建立了基于油管内液柱、油管振动互作用下的抽油杆柱纵向振动力学模型，进一步完善了抽油杆柱纵向振动理论并提高了力学模型的实用价值。创造性地通过建立基于抽油机、抽油杆、油管柱和液柱互作用下抽油泵的工作行为仿真模型，实现对有杆抽油泵系统工作行为分析研究。
3．在综合考虑了抽油泵泵阀运动魏氏效应、泵阀动力学特性和泵筒内液体的连续流条件等情况下，建立了更为精确地描述抽油泵泵阀运动规律的动力学模型，为分析研究抽油杆柱动力学特性提供精确的下端边界条件。
4．开展了抽油杆柱工作载荷分析，对抽油杆的扭转成因及力学模型进行深入的探讨，通过建立抽油杆的扭转力学模型，为分析抽油杆脱扣、偏磨及柱塞螺旋划痕等原因提供了理论依据，并建立了抽油杆的扭转振动力学模型。
5.开展了有杆抽油泵系统结构参数和性能参数对抽油泵系统工作性能
影响规律研究。如泵阀结构、阀座结构、抽汲参数、油井参数等因素对抽
油泵工作性能和井筒流体运动规律的影响等。
6.在建立机、杆、泵模型的基础上，建立了有杆抽油泵系统工作行为
计算机仿真模型，为进一步开展不同抽油泵结构、不同杆管泵组合、不同
抽吸参数和不同工况条件下抽油泵的工作性能研究提供了理论依据和模型
基础。
7.开展了求解理论模型的求解方法研究，特别是模型中离散变量与连
续变量的处理方法。同时，开展了抽油泵系统仿真策略的研究，找到了能
满足计算精度要求的高效的计算机仿真方法。
8.根据研究需要，结合所建立的抽油泵仿真模型的特点，开发了功能
强、使用维护方便、计算精度较高的“有杆抽油泵系统工作行为仿真软件”，
为分析研究有杆抽油泵系统的工作性能提供了新的途径。并通过部分单元
实验、现场实际测试数据和试验井模拟实验实现了对仿真模型和仿真软件
的验证。
总之，通过本论文的研究工作，不仅进一步完善了有杆抽油系统研究
的相关理论和力学数学模型，而且从系统的角度将计算机仿真技术与实验
相结合开展研究，将有杆抽油泵系统的研究技术水平向前推进了一步。同
时，开发了具有自主知识产权的“有杆抽油泵系统工作行为仿真分析软件”，
为分析研究抽油泵系统的工作性能提供了新的途径。
主题词:抽油泵系统动力学工作行为计算机仿真软件开发
As continuous development of the exploiting technology of petroleum and natural gas, especially many large oil fields of our country have been in the high-water exploitative period, to guarantee the steady and high output of base oil, improving the technical level of our country's mechanical oil extraction system, increasing the efficiency of exploitation and reduce the exploiting cost are very important tasks which being paid more attention at present. In the paper, on the basis of the research fruits of the rod pumping system in home and oversea, the dynamic models of the pumping unit, the pump, the tubing string and the compound system models are set up. The working behavior simulating research about the rod pumping system is developed by the way of computer simulating technique combined with practical production. The technical level of the mechanical oil extraction in home is improved further. The theories and methods research of the rod pumping system are perfected and developed. The study work of the paper is the central part of the rod pumping system working behavior simulating research which was sustained by China National Petroleum Corporation in 2000 years.(The contract number is 2000621-3). The detail research works are as follows:1. On the basis of analyzing the developing trends and technical characteristics of the ordinary beam pimping unit in home and oversea, putting emphasis on the technical study about newly energy-saving pumping unit. Not only the geometrical models, the kinematic models and the dynamic models of the ordinary beam pumping unit are established, but also the models of the two newly energy-saving pumping unit which one named controllable diameter variable torque pumping unit and another named compound balance beam pumping unit of beam balance weight deviated downward are set up. The newly energy-saving pumping unit's energy-saving theoretical research is developed. The parameter data-base of the beam pumping unit and the newly energy-saving pumping unit is established, which lay a solid foundation for the simulation of the rod pumping system.2. On the basis of the rod string's longitudinal vibration mechanical models which include the one, two and three dimensional models, the rod string's longitudinal vibration mechanical models which are based on the mutual function between the liquid column and the tubing string are established. The theory of the pumping rod's longitudinal vibration is perfected further and the applied value of mechanical models is improved. The working behavior
research on the rod pumping system is achieved in a creative way through the establishment of the pump's working behavior simulating models which are based on the mutual function among the pumping unit, the pumping rod, the tubing string and the liquid column.3. Not only comprehensively considering the condition of WestphaFs phenomenon of the pump valve, but also considering the continuous flow condition of the liquid in pump cylinder, an accurate dynamic model used to describe the movement of the pump valve is set up, which offer a more accurate lower boundary condition for the study of the rod string's dynamic property.4. The research on the working load of the rod string is developed and the deeper discuss about the reason for the pumping rod's torsion and mechanical models of the rod string are performed. A theoretic gist is provided for analyzing the rod parting, the rod uneven abrasion and the corkscrew nick of the plunger. At the same time, the torsional vibration mechanical model is set up.5. Considering the influence of structural parameter and performance parameter on the working property of the rod pumping system. For example, the pump valve's structure, the valve seat's structure, the swabbing parameter and oil well parameter as well have an influence on the working performance of the rod pumping system and the movement of liquid in the well bore.6. On the basis of setting up the models of the pumping unit, the pumping rod and the pu
1、在分析国内外常规游梁抽油机的发展趋势和技术特点的基础上，重点开展了新型节能抽油机相关技术研究。建立了常规游梁抽油机的几何学模型、运动学模型和动力学模型；建立了调径变矩和下偏杠铃两种新型抽油机的几何学、运动学和动力学等模型；开展了新型节能抽油机节能机理研究；建立了游梁抽油机和新型节能抽油机的参数数据库，为实现对有杆抽油泵系统的仿真研究奠定了基础。
2．在研究抽油杆柱一维、二维、三维纵向振动力学模型的基础上，建立了基于油管内液柱、油管振动互作用下的抽油杆柱纵向振动力学模型，进一步完善了抽油杆柱纵向振动理论并提高了力学模型的实用价值。创造性地通过建立基于抽油机、抽油杆、油管柱和液柱互作用下抽油泵的工作行为仿真模型，实现对有杆抽油泵系统工作行为分析研究。
3．在综合考虑了抽油泵泵阀运动魏氏效应、泵阀动力学特性和泵筒内液体的连续流条件等情况下，建立了更为精确地描述抽油泵泵阀运动规律的动力学模型，为分析研究抽油杆柱动力学特性提供精确的下端边界条件。
4．开展了抽油杆柱工作载荷分析，对抽油杆的扭转成因及力学模型进行深入的探讨，通过建立抽油杆的扭转力学模型，为分析抽油杆脱扣、偏磨及柱塞螺旋划痕等原因提供了理论依据，并建立了抽油杆的扭转振动力学模型。
5.开展了有杆抽油泵系统结构参数和性能参数对抽油泵系统工作性能
影响规律研究。如泵阀结构、阀座结构、抽汲参数、油井参数等因素对抽
油泵工作性能和井筒流体运动规律的影响等。
6.在建立机、杆、泵模型的基础上，建立了有杆抽油泵系统工作行为
计算机仿真模型，为进一步开展不同抽油泵结构、不同杆管泵组合、不同
抽吸参数和不同工况条件下抽油泵的工作性能研究提供了理论依据和模型
基础。
7.开展了求解理论模型的求解方法研究，特别是模型中离散变量与连
续变量的处理方法。同时，开展了抽油泵系统仿真策略的研究，找到了能
满足计算精度要求的高效的计算机仿真方法。
8.根据研究需要，结合所建立的抽油泵仿真模型的特点，开发了功能
强、使用维护方便、计算精度较高的“有杆抽油泵系统工作行为仿真软件”，
为分析研究有杆抽油泵系统的工作性能提供了新的途径。并通过部分单元
实验、现场实际测试数据和试验井模拟实验实现了对仿真模型和仿真软件
的验证。
总之，通过本论文的研究工作，不仅进一步完善了有杆抽油系统研究
的相关理论和力学数学模型，而且从系统的角度将计算机仿真技术与实验
相结合开展研究，将有杆抽油泵系统的研究技术水平向前推进了一步。同
时，开发了具有自主知识产权的“有杆抽油泵系统工作行为仿真分析软件”，
为分析研究抽油泵系统的工作性能提供了新的途径。
主题词:抽油泵系统动力学工作行为计算机仿真软件开发
As continuous development of the exploiting technology of petroleum and natural gas, especially many large oil fields of our country have been in the high-water exploitative period, to guarantee the steady and high output of base oil, improving the technical level of our country's mechanical oil extraction system, increasing the efficiency of exploitation and reduce the exploiting cost are very important tasks which being paid more attention at present. In the paper, on the basis of the research fruits of the rod pumping system in home and oversea, the dynamic models of the pumping unit, the pump, the tubing string and the compound system models are set up. The working behavior simulating research about the rod pumping system is developed by the way of computer simulating technique combined with practical production. The technical level of the mechanical oil extraction in home is improved further. The theories and methods research of the rod pumping system are perfected and developed. The study work of the paper is the central part of the rod pumping system working behavior simulating research which was sustained by China National Petroleum Corporation in 2000 years.(The contract number is 2000621-3). The detail research works are as follows:1. On the basis of analyzing the developing trends and technical characteristics of the ordinary beam pimping unit in home and oversea, putting emphasis on the technical study about newly energy-saving pumping unit. Not only the geometrical models, the kinematic models and the dynamic models of the ordinary beam pumping unit are established, but also the models of the two newly energy-saving pumping unit which one named controllable diameter variable torque pumping unit and another named compound balance beam pumping unit of beam balance weight deviated downward are set up. The newly energy-saving pumping unit's energy-saving theoretical research is developed. The parameter data-base of the beam pumping unit and the newly energy-saving pumping unit is established, which lay a solid foundation for the simulation of the rod pumping system.2. On the basis of the rod string's longitudinal vibration mechanical models which include the one, two and three dimensional models, the rod string's longitudinal vibration mechanical models which are based on the mutual function between the liquid column and the tubing string are established. The theory of the pumping rod's longitudinal vibration is perfected further and the applied value of mechanical models is improved. The working behavior
research on the rod pumping system is achieved in a creative way through the establishment of the pump's working behavior simulating models which are based on the mutual function among the pumping unit, the pumping rod, the tubing string and the liquid column.3. Not only comprehensively considering the condition of WestphaFs phenomenon of the pump valve, but also considering the continuous flow condition of the liquid in pump cylinder, an accurate dynamic model used to describe the movement of the pump valve is set up, which offer a more accurate lower boundary condition for the study of the rod string's dynamic property.4. The research on the working load of the rod string is developed and the deeper discuss about the reason for the pumping rod's torsion and mechanical models of the rod string are performed. A theoretic gist is provided for analyzing the rod parting, the rod uneven abrasion and the corkscrew nick of the plunger. At the same time, the torsional vibration mechanical model is set up.5. Considering the influence of structural parameter and performance parameter on the working property of the rod pumping system. For example, the pump valve's structure, the valve seat's structure, the swabbing parameter and oil well parameter as well have an influence on the working performance of the rod pumping system and the movement of liquid in the well bore.6. On the basis of setting up the models of the pumping unit, the pumping rod and the pu
引文
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