潜油螺杆泵专用稀土永磁同步电动机研究
摘要
潜油螺杆泵能有效的处理高粘度及高含砂的原油,而随着原油粘度的增加,潜油螺杆泵必须在低转速下才能有效地工作,其最佳旋转速度一般在100-500r/min。异步潜油螺杆泵电动机的转速较高,不能很好的适应潜油螺杆泵的采油要求。因此,需要研究低转速、大扭矩、高性能的潜油螺杆泵专用稀土永磁同步电动机。
潜油螺杆泵专用稀土永磁同步电动机是一种立式工作的三相永磁电动机,它采用定转子分段的细长结构,各定子段之间轴向用非磁性材料连接,各转子段之间有扶正轴承,定转子之间充满专用润滑油,转子上则镶嵌有稀土永磁体。
本文根据潜油螺杆泵专用稀土永磁同步电动机的特殊结构,研究了其定转子分段、内充润滑油的特点对电机设计及性能的影响。经过分析,电机采用36槽10极结构,定子绕组采用了分数槽绕组;由于此种电机的主要尺寸比范围较大,定子内径不易确定,本文给出了简单可行的确定电机定子内径的方法。分析了温度对潜油螺杆泵专用稀土永磁同步电动机的性能影响;通过研究分析得出潜油螺杆泵专用稀土永磁同步电动机的端部漏抗随转子段数增加的变化规律,并得到计算公式;给出了潜油螺杆泵专用稀土永磁同步电动机机械损耗的简便计算方法;文章给出了永磁体的选择方法和永磁体的放置方式。利用Matlab编制了潜油螺杆泵专用稀土永磁同步电动机的电磁计算程序,得出样机的性能参数;利用Ansofl对样机进行了仿真,得出了气隙磁密、反电势等波形,并仿真得出了隔磁桥宽度对电机性能的影响。
实验证明样机的性能良好,比原来的异步潜油螺杆泵电机的效率提高了12.4个百分点;最大转矩倍数由原来异步潜油螺杆泵电动机的1.67提高到2.42。通过对比潜油螺杆泵专用稀土永磁同步电动机实验所得数据和应用Matlab程序设计计算结果,证明了程序的正确可行、简单方便。本文的研究工作对于进一步完善和发展永磁同步电动机的设计方法和设计理论具有重要意义。
The screw pump is one of the valid equipments to exploit crude oil which has high viscosity and contains a lot of sand. The screw pump can only work effectively at low speed and its best rotational speed is around 100-500r/min normally. The existing submersible motors can not be applied to screw pumps directly because of its high rotational speed. Therefore, the development of low-speed and high-torque permanent magnet synchronous submersible motor (PMSSM) for screw pump has become one of the currently significant tasks.
PMSSM for screw pump is a vertical three-phase induction motor. It adopts lathy structure of subsection of stator and rotor: each subsection of stator combines with non-magnetic substance and each subsection of rotor combines with rotor bearing. There is full of appropriative lubricating oil between stator and rotor. And there are permanent magnets in the PMSSM rotor.
This paper researches on the influence of PMSSM characteristic which is subsection of stator and rotor and filled with the lubricant upon motor performances according to its special structure. The prototype has ten poles and thirty-six stator slots and adopts fractional winding slot. Stator inner diameter dimension of the motor is difficult to define because the range of slenderness ratio is very large. A new method is adopted to calculate stator inner diameter dimension in this paper. And how temperature influences the performance of the motor is presented. Through analysis, how to calculate the motor end leakage is obtained. Simple method of mechanical loss is gained by traditional experiential calculation formula. In this paper, how to select and arrange permanent magnets are discussed. Moreover, The MATLAB is used to program and design the prototype. And, the computer simulation results, such as wave shape of air-gap magnetic field and wave shape of no-load back electromotive force are shown by ANSOFT according to its model. Besides, the isolated magnetic bridge width influences on the motor performance parameters are given.
Experiment data approves that the prototype has high performance. The prototype efficiency is higher 12.4% than induction submersible motor's for screw pump. And, the maximum torque multiple of the prototype increases to 2.42 from 1.67 of original induction motor. Contrasting experiment data and design calculation results show that the method and program developed in this paper are correct and feasible convenient in use as well. The research work in this paper is very important to improve the design method of permanent magnet synchronous motor.
潜油螺杆泵专用稀土永磁同步电动机是一种立式工作的三相永磁电动机,它采用定转子分段的细长结构,各定子段之间轴向用非磁性材料连接,各转子段之间有扶正轴承,定转子之间充满专用润滑油,转子上则镶嵌有稀土永磁体。
本文根据潜油螺杆泵专用稀土永磁同步电动机的特殊结构,研究了其定转子分段、内充润滑油的特点对电机设计及性能的影响。经过分析,电机采用36槽10极结构,定子绕组采用了分数槽绕组;由于此种电机的主要尺寸比范围较大,定子内径不易确定,本文给出了简单可行的确定电机定子内径的方法。分析了温度对潜油螺杆泵专用稀土永磁同步电动机的性能影响;通过研究分析得出潜油螺杆泵专用稀土永磁同步电动机的端部漏抗随转子段数增加的变化规律,并得到计算公式;给出了潜油螺杆泵专用稀土永磁同步电动机机械损耗的简便计算方法;文章给出了永磁体的选择方法和永磁体的放置方式。利用Matlab编制了潜油螺杆泵专用稀土永磁同步电动机的电磁计算程序,得出样机的性能参数;利用Ansofl对样机进行了仿真,得出了气隙磁密、反电势等波形,并仿真得出了隔磁桥宽度对电机性能的影响。
实验证明样机的性能良好,比原来的异步潜油螺杆泵电机的效率提高了12.4个百分点;最大转矩倍数由原来异步潜油螺杆泵电动机的1.67提高到2.42。通过对比潜油螺杆泵专用稀土永磁同步电动机实验所得数据和应用Matlab程序设计计算结果,证明了程序的正确可行、简单方便。本文的研究工作对于进一步完善和发展永磁同步电动机的设计方法和设计理论具有重要意义。
The screw pump is one of the valid equipments to exploit crude oil which has high viscosity and contains a lot of sand. The screw pump can only work effectively at low speed and its best rotational speed is around 100-500r/min normally. The existing submersible motors can not be applied to screw pumps directly because of its high rotational speed. Therefore, the development of low-speed and high-torque permanent magnet synchronous submersible motor (PMSSM) for screw pump has become one of the currently significant tasks.
PMSSM for screw pump is a vertical three-phase induction motor. It adopts lathy structure of subsection of stator and rotor: each subsection of stator combines with non-magnetic substance and each subsection of rotor combines with rotor bearing. There is full of appropriative lubricating oil between stator and rotor. And there are permanent magnets in the PMSSM rotor.
This paper researches on the influence of PMSSM characteristic which is subsection of stator and rotor and filled with the lubricant upon motor performances according to its special structure. The prototype has ten poles and thirty-six stator slots and adopts fractional winding slot. Stator inner diameter dimension of the motor is difficult to define because the range of slenderness ratio is very large. A new method is adopted to calculate stator inner diameter dimension in this paper. And how temperature influences the performance of the motor is presented. Through analysis, how to calculate the motor end leakage is obtained. Simple method of mechanical loss is gained by traditional experiential calculation formula. In this paper, how to select and arrange permanent magnets are discussed. Moreover, The MATLAB is used to program and design the prototype. And, the computer simulation results, such as wave shape of air-gap magnetic field and wave shape of no-load back electromotive force are shown by ANSOFT according to its model. Besides, the isolated magnetic bridge width influences on the motor performance parameters are given.
Experiment data approves that the prototype has high performance. The prototype efficiency is higher 12.4% than induction submersible motor's for screw pump. And, the maximum torque multiple of the prototype increases to 2.42 from 1.67 of original induction motor. Contrasting experiment data and design calculation results show that the method and program developed in this paper are correct and feasible convenient in use as well. The research work in this paper is very important to improve the design method of permanent magnet synchronous motor.
引文
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[30]Thorsen O V,Dalva M.Combined electrical and mechanical model of electric submersible pumps.IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2001,37(2):541-547.
[31]Zakharenko,A.B.Submersible motor with compact stator winding.Russian Electrical Engineering,2005,76(1):38-44.
[32]Martin,Scott.High-performance electric submersible pumping systems.Water Well Journal,1996,50(3):57-59.
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[3]张连山.电动潜油离心泵技术的发展.石油机械,1994,22(10):45-48.
[4]李哲.高电压低电流节能潜油电机的设计.电机技术,2005,13(1):15-16.
[5]张玉斌,于海春.潜油电泵机组可靠性研究.石油学报,2003,24(4):103-107.
[6]周海,王雷.高温潜油电泵机组绝缘材料的研制开发.钻采工艺.2001,24(4):54-55.
[7]张连山,刘永红.国外三种新型潜油泵的技术水平.石油机械,2000,28(5):191-194.
[8]万邦烈.电动潜油泵的新进展.国外石油机械,1996,7(1):57-67.
[9]曹振发,孙喜寿.采油机械的新发展.国外油田工程,1995,11(3):38-41.
[10]白广文.潜油电泵技术.北京:石油工业出版社,1993.45-47.
[11]周克定.21世纪中国电工技术的发展和展望.湖北工学院学报.1999,14(1):1-11.
[12]韩文昭,李瑞来,程绪东.1140V潜油电泵专和变频器应和.电气传动,2002,9(3):34-36.
[13]石临嵩,高福光.浅谈我国抽油机的类型及发展趋势.1995,6(2):46-61.
[14]姜海峰,党会兰,刘景芳.电动潜油泵启动特性与运行特性分析.石油机械,1998,26(6):24-25.
[15]刘长松,曹言光等.107系列耐高温小直径潜油电机.石油钻采工艺,2003,25(1):71-73.
[16]冯耀忠,袁英,李继康.电潜泵用的调频电机.国外石油机械,1998,9(3):46-48.
[17]孙祖臣.变频调速技术在油田设备上的应用.1995,23(7):44-49.
[18]中国石油天然气总公司装配局.变频调速应用技术.北京:石油工业出版社,1994.45-56.
[19]朱君,姜民政,蔡利等.潜油电泵高效运行的途径.油气田地面工程,1996,15(6):46-47.
[20]胡新晚.浅析电动机的节能改造措施.微特电机,2004,5(4):68-72.
[21]Saidov R A.Protecting submersible electric motors from operation with an incomplete set of phase's.Russian Electrical Engineering,2002,73(5):71-75.
[22]Smith K S,Ran L.Investigation of starting dynamics of electrical submersible pumps with soft starting.IEE Conference Publication,1994,39(9):586-590.
[23]Kirby,Harold.Speed control of electric submersible pumps-The "current" approach.Conference Record of the 2005 IEEE Industry Applications Conference,40th IAS Annual Meeting,2005,1908-1918.
[24]韩秀芝,邓辉.潜油电机机械损耗分析计算.机械工程师,1998,13(4):38-39.
[25]徐永明,孟大伟,李国辉.潜油电机机械损耗的分析与计算.电机与控制学报,2004,25(4):370-372.
[26]辜承林,陈乔夫,熊永前.电机学.武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2001.123-128.
[27]陈世坤.电机设计.北京:机械工业出版社,2000.235-257.
[28]唐任远等.现代永磁电机理论与设计.北京:机械工业出版社,1997.134-146.
[29]Metwally,Ibrahim A.Factor affecting transient over voltages of electric submersible pumps.IEEE Potentials,2006,25(5):13-17.
[30]Thorsen O V,Dalva M.Combined electrical and mechanical model of electric submersible pumps.IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2001,37(2):541-547.
[31]Zakharenko,A.B.Submersible motor with compact stator winding.Russian Electrical Engineering,2005,76(1):38-44.
[32]Martin,Scott.High-performance electric submersible pumping systems.Water Well Journal,1996,50(3):57-59.
[33]Choudhury M A,Rahman M Azizur.Determination of operating conditions of submersible induction motors.IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1992,28(3):680-684.
[34]Nolen K B,Gibbs S G.Analysis of submersible electric pumping systems.Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME,(Paper)SPE,1987,101-112.
[35]V B Honsinger.Permanent magnet machines asynchronous operation.IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and System,1980,99(4):1210-1216.
[36]张传林,胡文静.稀土永磁材料的发展及在电机中的应用.微电机,2003,5(1):19-23.
[37]李俊卿,叶东.永磁同步电动机的基本分析方法.电机技术,1999,12(4):35-42.
[38]李俊卿.永磁同步电动机的稳态分析.华北电力大学学报,1999,17(1):89-94.
[39]A.Consoli and G.Renna.Interior.Type Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Analysis by Equivalent Circuits.IEEE Trans.Energy Conversion,1989,4(4):681-689.
[40]A.Consoli.Analysis of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors,IEEE Trans.Industry Applications,1991,27(2):350-354.
[41]姚光中.内置式永磁同步电动机的等效电路.电机技术,2002,24(1):25-32.
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