新型无齿轮曳引式抽油机的研制
摘要
无需减速机直接驱动的低速电机是研究节能型抽油机领域的热点之一。这种无需减速机的抽油机的研究具有重要的科学意义和实用价值。国内对于无需减速机的抽油机的研究尚处于起步阶段。
本文分析了新型无齿轮曳引式抽油机的机械结构,根据抽油机系统的主要功能和技术指标,提出了低速大转矩稀土永磁同步电动机的技术要求。该电机采用SPWM变频电源供电,直接带动曳引轮曳引抽油杆和配重,完成抽油做功。不需要机械减速机构,使得新型无齿轮曳引式抽油机的机械结构变得非常简单,大大减轻了繁重的日常维护工作,使系统的可靠性也大为增高。而且由于没有了减速机构,从而没有了相应的机械损耗,较大地提高了系统的机械传动效率。另一方面,由于使用了高效的永磁同步电动机,减少了电机损耗,也提高了系统的总体效率。
本文利用Matlab计算软件编制程序计算油田抽油机用20kW低速大转矩稀土永磁同步电动机的设计方案,然后应用Maxwell2D二维电磁场有限元分析软件,对永磁同步电动机进行了磁场分析,分析了它们在空载时的反电动势、气隙磁密。
本文对抽油机变频控制系统采用机电一体化设计,以PLC作为控制核心,通过变频器控制低速大转矩永磁同步电动机调速。本文研究了电动机转速控制模式,解决了抽油机换向时的机械冲击问题,减少机械磨损。设计了抽油机变频控制系统的PID闭环控制,实现了冲程、冲次、上下冲程时间在额定范围内连续可调,使该抽油机适用于不同工况的油井。
对新型无齿轮曳引式抽油机变频控制系统进行了实验。实验的结果表明所设计的变频控制系统是正确的,控制方法是可行的,为该抽油机控制系统的硬件参数设计提供了良好的理论依据。
One of focus points that study the energy-efficient field of pumping unit is the low speed electric motor which does not need the low speed organization direct drive. This kind of research of the pumping unit of organization has important scientific meaning and practical value. Domestic for this kind of pumping unit is in yet to start stage.
This paper has analyzed the mechanical structures of novel gearless traction pumping unit, according to technical index and the major function of the system of pumping unit, also introduced the technical requirements of low speed and high torque PMSM. This generator supplies power with the SPWM power source of frequency conversion directly drives the drag of driving sheave to draw sucker rod and matches weight, being completed to take out oil demerit. This generator which does not need mechanical deceleration organization can make new the mechanical structure of novel gearless traction machine of pumping unit become very simple, have alleviated heavy daily maintenance work greatly, and increase systematic reliability considerably. Since having not slowed down structure, organization has no corresponding mechanical wastage, has raised systematic mechanical transmission efficiency greatly. On the other hand, because use high efficiency PMSM, the generator has reduced generator wastage and also enhanced the system overall efficiency.
This paper uses Matlab calculation software establishment program to calculate the design scheme of oil field pumping unit with the 20kW low speed and high torque PMSM, then applies the Maxwell 2D two-dimensional finite element analysis software of electromagnetic field to carry out the analysis of magnetic field for PMSM, and has analyzed them in no load turn over electromotive force and the magnetism of air gap dense.
This paper adopts electromechanical integration design for the control system of pumping unit of frequency conversion, PLC is the control core. This design realizes motor frequency control through control frequency converter. This paper has studied the motor control pattern of rotational speed, solved the mechanical impact problem in the inverting of pumping unit, and reduced mechanical wear. The PID closed-loop control for frequency conversion control system of pumping unit has been designed for realizing stroke, rush and about stroke time continuously adjustable in specified scope, this makes the pumping unit apply to the different operating mode oil well.
The modeling and the simulation has been carried out to the novel gearless traction type pumping unit control system. The simulation result indicates that the model establishment is correct, the control method is feasible, these have offered good theoretical basis for this generator control systematic hardware parameter designs.
本文分析了新型无齿轮曳引式抽油机的机械结构,根据抽油机系统的主要功能和技术指标,提出了低速大转矩稀土永磁同步电动机的技术要求。该电机采用SPWM变频电源供电,直接带动曳引轮曳引抽油杆和配重,完成抽油做功。不需要机械减速机构,使得新型无齿轮曳引式抽油机的机械结构变得非常简单,大大减轻了繁重的日常维护工作,使系统的可靠性也大为增高。而且由于没有了减速机构,从而没有了相应的机械损耗,较大地提高了系统的机械传动效率。另一方面,由于使用了高效的永磁同步电动机,减少了电机损耗,也提高了系统的总体效率。
本文利用Matlab计算软件编制程序计算油田抽油机用20kW低速大转矩稀土永磁同步电动机的设计方案,然后应用Maxwell2D二维电磁场有限元分析软件,对永磁同步电动机进行了磁场分析,分析了它们在空载时的反电动势、气隙磁密。
本文对抽油机变频控制系统采用机电一体化设计,以PLC作为控制核心,通过变频器控制低速大转矩永磁同步电动机调速。本文研究了电动机转速控制模式,解决了抽油机换向时的机械冲击问题,减少机械磨损。设计了抽油机变频控制系统的PID闭环控制,实现了冲程、冲次、上下冲程时间在额定范围内连续可调,使该抽油机适用于不同工况的油井。
对新型无齿轮曳引式抽油机变频控制系统进行了实验。实验的结果表明所设计的变频控制系统是正确的,控制方法是可行的,为该抽油机控制系统的硬件参数设计提供了良好的理论依据。
One of focus points that study the energy-efficient field of pumping unit is the low speed electric motor which does not need the low speed organization direct drive. This kind of research of the pumping unit of organization has important scientific meaning and practical value. Domestic for this kind of pumping unit is in yet to start stage.
This paper has analyzed the mechanical structures of novel gearless traction pumping unit, according to technical index and the major function of the system of pumping unit, also introduced the technical requirements of low speed and high torque PMSM. This generator supplies power with the SPWM power source of frequency conversion directly drives the drag of driving sheave to draw sucker rod and matches weight, being completed to take out oil demerit. This generator which does not need mechanical deceleration organization can make new the mechanical structure of novel gearless traction machine of pumping unit become very simple, have alleviated heavy daily maintenance work greatly, and increase systematic reliability considerably. Since having not slowed down structure, organization has no corresponding mechanical wastage, has raised systematic mechanical transmission efficiency greatly. On the other hand, because use high efficiency PMSM, the generator has reduced generator wastage and also enhanced the system overall efficiency.
This paper uses Matlab calculation software establishment program to calculate the design scheme of oil field pumping unit with the 20kW low speed and high torque PMSM, then applies the Maxwell 2D two-dimensional finite element analysis software of electromagnetic field to carry out the analysis of magnetic field for PMSM, and has analyzed them in no load turn over electromotive force and the magnetism of air gap dense.
This paper adopts electromechanical integration design for the control system of pumping unit of frequency conversion, PLC is the control core. This design realizes motor frequency control through control frequency converter. This paper has studied the motor control pattern of rotational speed, solved the mechanical impact problem in the inverting of pumping unit, and reduced mechanical wear. The PID closed-loop control for frequency conversion control system of pumping unit has been designed for realizing stroke, rush and about stroke time continuously adjustable in specified scope, this makes the pumping unit apply to the different operating mode oil well.
The modeling and the simulation has been carried out to the novel gearless traction type pumping unit control system. The simulation result indicates that the model establishment is correct, the control method is feasible, these have offered good theoretical basis for this generator control systematic hardware parameter designs.
引文
[1]罗英俊、沈秀通等.采油技术手册(修订本)第四分册:机械采油技术.北京:石油工业出版社,1993.
[2]张学鲁、季祥云、罗仁全.游梁式抽油机技术与应用.北京:石油工业出版社,2001.
[3]沈瑞林.对发展长冲程抽油机问题的几点看法.石油机械.1990 18(7):43-48.
[4]崔振华、余国安、安锦高等.有杆抽油系统.北京:石油工业出版社,1994.
[5]石临嵩、高福光.浅谈我国抽油机的类型及发展趋势.钻采工艺.1995(2):46-61.
[6]王鸿勋、张琪.采油工艺原理.北京:石油工业出版社.1989.
[7]王武.永磁同步无齿轮曳引电梯.中国电梯.2001(4):25-29.
[8]胡怡妍,郭振宏,唐任远.永磁同步电动机电抗参数的准确计算.中小型电机.1999(2):28-32.
[9]张连山.大力发展我国无游梁长冲程抽油机势在必行.石油机械.1991 19(10):56-58.
[10]石临嵩、高福光.长冲程抽油机性能评价.石油大学学报(自然科学版).1996(1):114-117.
[11]张连山.国外长冲程抽油机的现状与发展.国外石油机械.1997(6):23-31.
[12]张连山.长冲程无游梁抽油机集锦与发展研究.石油机械.1998(2):33-42.
[13]万邦烈.国外有杆抽油设备的研制和改进现状及其发展方向.国外石油机械,1994,5(3):28-35.
[14]王朝晋.齿轮式无游梁长冲程抽油机.石油机械.1992 20(3):32-37.
[15]唐任远等著.现代永磁电机理论与设计.机械工业出版社.1997.
[16]史朝晖、胡会国、刘玉庆.永磁同步电动机在油田抽油机中的应用与节能分析.节能:2004.2:22-24.
[17]张炳义,冯桂宏,王凤翔等.SPWM电源供电下低速大转矩永磁同步电动机设计研究.电工技术学报.2001,16(6)85-90.
[18]陈宪侃、陈万薇、孙建华.游梁式抽油机与直线电机抽油机.石油钻采工艺.2003.2:67-70.
[19]安锦高.有杆抽油设备与技术-抽油机.北京:石油工业出版社,1994.
[20]郭公喜、叶志强、李为民、田原宇.直线电机驱动抽油机的试验研究.石油矿场机械. 2005,34(4): 17-20.
[21] CMI Corp. special Geometry oil well pumping units USA 1982.
[22] D.R.Doty.An Improved Model for Sucker Rod Pumping, SPE1024 1982.
[23] Composite Catalog of Oil Field Equipment and Service 38th revision, USA,A Gulf Publishing Company Publication, World Oil, 1988-1989.
[24] CHUNG Dae-Woon, RYU Hyung-Min, KANG Seog-joo, et al. A new Configuration of Driving System for High Speed Gearless Elevator.Pro.of the Thirty-fourth IAS Annual Meeting, 1996.
[25] Shigeo.Morimoto, Keisuke.Kawamoto, Masayuki,Sanada, Yoji,Takeda. Sensorless Control Strategy for Salient-Pole PMSM Based on Extend EMF in Rotating Reference Frame.IEEE Trans,Ind Applicant, vol.38, pp. 2002, JULY/AUG, 1054-1061.
[26] Andrea Cavagnino,Mario Lazzari,Francesco Profumo,Alberto Tenconi.Axial Flux Interior PM Synchronous Motor:Parameters Identtfication and Steady-State Performance Mersurements .. IEEE.Trans, Ind. Applicant ,vol .36pp. 2000,NOV/DEC: 1581-1587.
[27] Rene Louis Ficheux,Federico Caricchi,Fabio Crescimbini, Onorato Honorati . Axial-Flux Permanent Magnet Motor for Dirtect Drive Elevator Sytems Without Machine Room.IEEE.Trans.Ind Applicant,vol.37 ,pp. 2001,NOV/DEC: 1693-1701.
[28] S.Morimoto, M.Sanada,and Y.Takeda. Wide speed operation of interior permanent magnet synchronous motors with high performance current regulator. IEEE Trans,Ind Applicant,vol.30,pp. 1994,SEP/OCT: 920-926.
[29] Keld Fosach Rasmussen,John H.Davies,T.H.E.Miller,Malcolm Iain Mc Gilp,Mircea Olaru.Analytical and Numerical Computation of Air-Gap Magnetic Fields in Brushless Motors with Surface Permanent Magnets.IEEE Trans,Ind Applicant, vol.36,pp. 2000,NOV/DEC: 1547-1553.
[30] Yoshihiro Kawase, Noriyo Mimura, Kazuo Ida.3-D Electromagnetic Force Analysis fo Effeces of Off-Center of Rotro in Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor. IEEE Trans. On MAG vol.36,pp. 2000, JULY: 1858-1861.
[31] Permanent-Magnet Brushless DC Drive Using Circuit-Field-Torque Coupled Time- Stepping Finite-Element Method.IEEE Trans on MAG vol.38,pp. 2002,MARCH: 1297-1300.
[32] Dae-Woong Chung, Hyung-Min Ryu, Young-Min Lee, Lv-Won Kang, Seung-Ki Sul, Seok-Joong-Seok yoon,Kill-Hceng Lee,Jong-Ho Suh.Drive system for high speed gearless elevators.IEEE Trans.Ind Applicant,vol.7,pp.2001,SEP/OCTL 52-56.
[33]J.Sslo,T.Heikkila,J.Pyhonen.New low-speed high-torque permanent magnet synchr- onous machine with buried magnets.Proceedings of ICEM 2000 28-30 Augusi Espoo Finland:1246-1250.
[34]谢义华.以直线电动机为动力的长冲程抽油机技术剖析.石油机械.2005.33.(4):62-63.
[35]王学辉,张明辉等编著.Matlab 6.1最新应用详解.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2001.
[36]薛定宇,陈阳泉著.基于MATLAB/Simulink的系统仿真技术与应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2002.
[37]邱捷,励庆孚.分数槽永磁同步电动机稳态参数的计算.西安交通大学学报.1999(11):36-38.
[38]谷爱星,陆永平,邹继斌.脉振磁场永磁低速同步电动机电感参数的分析.微特电机.2000(4):41-45.
[39]蒋孝煌.有限元基础.北京:清华大学出版社,1992.
[40]董世民.抽油机设计与计算机实现.北京:石油工业出版社,1994.
[41]刘国强,赵凌志,蒋继娅等.Ansoft工程电磁场有限元分析.北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
[42]韩英桃,周青苗,刘卫国.稀土永磁同步电动机变频调速系统最佳控制方案的探讨.微特电机,2000(2):56-60.
[43]马瑞卿,李声晋,周青苗等.稀土永磁同步电动机变频调速关键技术研究.中国电机工程学报,1998,18(5):42-47.
[2]张学鲁、季祥云、罗仁全.游梁式抽油机技术与应用.北京:石油工业出版社,2001.
[3]沈瑞林.对发展长冲程抽油机问题的几点看法.石油机械.1990 18(7):43-48.
[4]崔振华、余国安、安锦高等.有杆抽油系统.北京:石油工业出版社,1994.
[5]石临嵩、高福光.浅谈我国抽油机的类型及发展趋势.钻采工艺.1995(2):46-61.
[6]王鸿勋、张琪.采油工艺原理.北京:石油工业出版社.1989.
[7]王武.永磁同步无齿轮曳引电梯.中国电梯.2001(4):25-29.
[8]胡怡妍,郭振宏,唐任远.永磁同步电动机电抗参数的准确计算.中小型电机.1999(2):28-32.
[9]张连山.大力发展我国无游梁长冲程抽油机势在必行.石油机械.1991 19(10):56-58.
[10]石临嵩、高福光.长冲程抽油机性能评价.石油大学学报(自然科学版).1996(1):114-117.
[11]张连山.国外长冲程抽油机的现状与发展.国外石油机械.1997(6):23-31.
[12]张连山.长冲程无游梁抽油机集锦与发展研究.石油机械.1998(2):33-42.
[13]万邦烈.国外有杆抽油设备的研制和改进现状及其发展方向.国外石油机械,1994,5(3):28-35.
[14]王朝晋.齿轮式无游梁长冲程抽油机.石油机械.1992 20(3):32-37.
[15]唐任远等著.现代永磁电机理论与设计.机械工业出版社.1997.
[16]史朝晖、胡会国、刘玉庆.永磁同步电动机在油田抽油机中的应用与节能分析.节能:2004.2:22-24.
[17]张炳义,冯桂宏,王凤翔等.SPWM电源供电下低速大转矩永磁同步电动机设计研究.电工技术学报.2001,16(6)85-90.
[18]陈宪侃、陈万薇、孙建华.游梁式抽油机与直线电机抽油机.石油钻采工艺.2003.2:67-70.
[19]安锦高.有杆抽油设备与技术-抽油机.北京:石油工业出版社,1994.
[20]郭公喜、叶志强、李为民、田原宇.直线电机驱动抽油机的试验研究.石油矿场机械. 2005,34(4): 17-20.
[21] CMI Corp. special Geometry oil well pumping units USA 1982.
[22] D.R.Doty.An Improved Model for Sucker Rod Pumping, SPE1024 1982.
[23] Composite Catalog of Oil Field Equipment and Service 38th revision, USA,A Gulf Publishing Company Publication, World Oil, 1988-1989.
[24] CHUNG Dae-Woon, RYU Hyung-Min, KANG Seog-joo, et al. A new Configuration of Driving System for High Speed Gearless Elevator.Pro.of the Thirty-fourth IAS Annual Meeting, 1996.
[25] Shigeo.Morimoto, Keisuke.Kawamoto, Masayuki,Sanada, Yoji,Takeda. Sensorless Control Strategy for Salient-Pole PMSM Based on Extend EMF in Rotating Reference Frame.IEEE Trans,Ind Applicant, vol.38, pp. 2002, JULY/AUG, 1054-1061.
[26] Andrea Cavagnino,Mario Lazzari,Francesco Profumo,Alberto Tenconi.Axial Flux Interior PM Synchronous Motor:Parameters Identtfication and Steady-State Performance Mersurements .. IEEE.Trans, Ind. Applicant ,vol .36pp. 2000,NOV/DEC: 1581-1587.
[27] Rene Louis Ficheux,Federico Caricchi,Fabio Crescimbini, Onorato Honorati . Axial-Flux Permanent Magnet Motor for Dirtect Drive Elevator Sytems Without Machine Room.IEEE.Trans.Ind Applicant,vol.37 ,pp. 2001,NOV/DEC: 1693-1701.
[28] S.Morimoto, M.Sanada,and Y.Takeda. Wide speed operation of interior permanent magnet synchronous motors with high performance current regulator. IEEE Trans,Ind Applicant,vol.30,pp. 1994,SEP/OCT: 920-926.
[29] Keld Fosach Rasmussen,John H.Davies,T.H.E.Miller,Malcolm Iain Mc Gilp,Mircea Olaru.Analytical and Numerical Computation of Air-Gap Magnetic Fields in Brushless Motors with Surface Permanent Magnets.IEEE Trans,Ind Applicant, vol.36,pp. 2000,NOV/DEC: 1547-1553.
[30] Yoshihiro Kawase, Noriyo Mimura, Kazuo Ida.3-D Electromagnetic Force Analysis fo Effeces of Off-Center of Rotro in Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor. IEEE Trans. On MAG vol.36,pp. 2000, JULY: 1858-1861.
[31] Permanent-Magnet Brushless DC Drive Using Circuit-Field-Torque Coupled Time- Stepping Finite-Element Method.IEEE Trans on MAG vol.38,pp. 2002,MARCH: 1297-1300.
[32] Dae-Woong Chung, Hyung-Min Ryu, Young-Min Lee, Lv-Won Kang, Seung-Ki Sul, Seok-Joong-Seok yoon,Kill-Hceng Lee,Jong-Ho Suh.Drive system for high speed gearless elevators.IEEE Trans.Ind Applicant,vol.7,pp.2001,SEP/OCTL 52-56.
[33]J.Sslo,T.Heikkila,J.Pyhonen.New low-speed high-torque permanent magnet synchr- onous machine with buried magnets.Proceedings of ICEM 2000 28-30 Augusi Espoo Finland:1246-1250.
[34]谢义华.以直线电动机为动力的长冲程抽油机技术剖析.石油机械.2005.33.(4):62-63.
[35]王学辉,张明辉等编著.Matlab 6.1最新应用详解.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2001.
[36]薛定宇,陈阳泉著.基于MATLAB/Simulink的系统仿真技术与应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2002.
[37]邱捷,励庆孚.分数槽永磁同步电动机稳态参数的计算.西安交通大学学报.1999(11):36-38.
[38]谷爱星,陆永平,邹继斌.脉振磁场永磁低速同步电动机电感参数的分析.微特电机.2000(4):41-45.
[39]蒋孝煌.有限元基础.北京:清华大学出版社,1992.
[40]董世民.抽油机设计与计算机实现.北京:石油工业出版社,1994.
[41]刘国强,赵凌志,蒋继娅等.Ansoft工程电磁场有限元分析.北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
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