集装箱港口企业竞争力与竞争策略研究
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摘要
在全球经济一体化进程越来越迅速的背景下,为了能够充分发挥地区的相对优势,提高资源利用率,降低产品成本,对原材料、半成品、产成品等生产和生活物资在全球范围内的流通速度提出了更高标准的要求。海上运输目前仍是全球集装箱运输的主要方式,其效率和效益直接影响集装箱货物在全球的流通速度和流通成本,而集装箱港口企业作为全球海运运输网络的重要组成部分,对集装箱货物快速有效的流动具有决定性影响。但是集装箱港口企业现在也面临着机遇和挑战。航运船舶大型化、专业化以及航运公司联盟化的发展趋势日益明显导致了航运公司市场地位的提高航运船舶大型化使得集装箱港口企业为争夺干线港日趋激烈；门到门运输的要求带来以供应链管理为基础的无缝运输和产品配送带来新的运输模式的转变,使得集装箱港口企业物流操作日趋集中；各个集装箱港口企业相互之间在腹地货源、集疏运设施等方面竞争激烈；集装箱港口企业进一步向深水化、大型化和专门化方向发展；集装箱港口企业投资主体多元化更加剧了竞争。面对如此复杂的发展环境,集装箱港口企业如何客观评价自身竞争力并采取合理的竞争策略成为企业必须解决的难题。
为提高集装箱港口企业竞争力,改善集装箱港口企业经营收益,提高集装箱港口企业的科学策略水平,本文以集装箱港口企业的策略设计为研究方向,综合运用定性分析方法和博弈理论,对集装箱港口企业竞争策略的设计进行了研究,丰富了集装箱港口企业竞争理论。本文阐述集装箱港口企业竞争力和竞争策略理论。提出基于双层离散突变-理想点物元的集装箱港口企业竞争力评价法,并针对实际集装箱港口企业的现状建立模型并求解。运用Stackelberg博弈建立集装箱港口企业与货主的竞争模型以及集装箱港口企业与航运经营人的竞争模型。在集装箱港口企业供应链管理的流程、特征及其作用的基础上,论文运用Stackelberg博弈建立了集装箱港口企业与货主的竞争模型以及集装箱港口企业与航运经营人的竞争模型。建立博弈模型解决寡头市场中两个集装箱港口企业所提出的服务费和服务质量的策略行为,并构建了集装箱多式联运网络,提出正的网络外部性特征,研究集装箱港口企业的最优服务费和服务水平,分析网络外部性与集装箱港口企业竞争之间的内在关系；构建集装箱运输网络,并根据货主对网络的了解程度分别建立完全信息和随机型集装箱运输网络均衡模型,用于研究集装箱需求量在网络上的分配规律。最后本文构建多个集装箱港口企业之间的非合作竞争博弈竞争模型并利用实例求解,解决多个集装箱港口企业相互竞争情况下的集装箱港口企业服务费策略设计问题,并针对M港的实例提出相应的措施意见。
Under the background of the acceleration of the process of global economic integration, a new requirement is proposed for a rapid circulation of the production and living materials worldwide, such as raw materials, semi-finished products, finished products, which can give full play to the comparative advantages of each region, improve the efficiency of resource use and reduce product cost. Sea transport is still the key way of global transportation, whose efficiency and effectiveness has direct impact on the velocity of goods circulation and circulation costs in the global. harbor as an important part of the global maritime transportation network, has a decisive influence on the fast and efficient flow of goods. However, the harbor is now also facing opportunities and challenges at the same time. The trend of larger-sized ships, being more specialized and the alliance of shipping company become more obvious, which improves the negotiated position of shipping companies in the market. Larger-sized ships make the competition of being main harbors among harbors grow more intense. The requirements of door-to-door transportation brings the development of seamless transport which is based on supply chain management and, product distribution brings the shift of new transportation paradigm.The changes above, makes harbor logistics operations increasingly focused and the competition among various harbors become more intense competing in hinterland sourcing, collection and distribution facilities and so on. At the same time, harbors move forward to the development of deepwater, large-scale and specialized. Competition is exacerbated by harbor investment diversification. Faced with such a complex development environment, how to evaluate the competitive abilities and what policies should harbors adopt is the problem that enterprises must solve.
To enhance harbor's competitive abilities, improve the income from the harbor's operating, improve the level of scientific decision-making of the harbor, and from the aspect of the strategy design of container harbor, this paper integrates the use of qualitative analysis and game theory to study the competing tactics of the container harbor, which will enrich the theory of the harbor competition. This article gives a description of the evolution of the theory of competitive strategy as well as the competitive ability. And the paper also proposes the evaluation method of container harbor's competition based on the discrete mutation-topsis matter element, and establishes a model for the actual harbor's presentation and gives a solution. Thirdly, it proposes the use of Stackelberg game to establish the competition model of harbors and consignors, and the competition model of harbor and shipping companies. Then, based on the process, characteristics and function of container harbor supply chain management; this paper uses Stackelberg game to establish the competition model of harbors and consignors, and the competition model of harbor and shipping companies. Based on the above studies, it sets up game model to solve the problem of the decision-making behavior of the two harbors about price and quality of service in oligopolistic market. And, it also builds a container multimodal transport network, proposes positive network externalities, studies about the best price and service level of harbor, and gives an analysis of the intrinsic relationship between the network externalities and harbor competition. Finally, the paper establishes the super-network of container transport, and, both fixed and random container transportation network equilibrium model are established on the level of understanding of the network by the consignors, which are used to study the distribution law of the demand of containers in the network.
为提高集装箱港口企业竞争力,改善集装箱港口企业经营收益,提高集装箱港口企业的科学策略水平,本文以集装箱港口企业的策略设计为研究方向,综合运用定性分析方法和博弈理论,对集装箱港口企业竞争策略的设计进行了研究,丰富了集装箱港口企业竞争理论。本文阐述集装箱港口企业竞争力和竞争策略理论。提出基于双层离散突变-理想点物元的集装箱港口企业竞争力评价法,并针对实际集装箱港口企业的现状建立模型并求解。运用Stackelberg博弈建立集装箱港口企业与货主的竞争模型以及集装箱港口企业与航运经营人的竞争模型。在集装箱港口企业供应链管理的流程、特征及其作用的基础上,论文运用Stackelberg博弈建立了集装箱港口企业与货主的竞争模型以及集装箱港口企业与航运经营人的竞争模型。建立博弈模型解决寡头市场中两个集装箱港口企业所提出的服务费和服务质量的策略行为,并构建了集装箱多式联运网络,提出正的网络外部性特征,研究集装箱港口企业的最优服务费和服务水平,分析网络外部性与集装箱港口企业竞争之间的内在关系；构建集装箱运输网络,并根据货主对网络的了解程度分别建立完全信息和随机型集装箱运输网络均衡模型,用于研究集装箱需求量在网络上的分配规律。最后本文构建多个集装箱港口企业之间的非合作竞争博弈竞争模型并利用实例求解,解决多个集装箱港口企业相互竞争情况下的集装箱港口企业服务费策略设计问题,并针对M港的实例提出相应的措施意见。
Under the background of the acceleration of the process of global economic integration, a new requirement is proposed for a rapid circulation of the production and living materials worldwide, such as raw materials, semi-finished products, finished products, which can give full play to the comparative advantages of each region, improve the efficiency of resource use and reduce product cost. Sea transport is still the key way of global transportation, whose efficiency and effectiveness has direct impact on the velocity of goods circulation and circulation costs in the global. harbor as an important part of the global maritime transportation network, has a decisive influence on the fast and efficient flow of goods. However, the harbor is now also facing opportunities and challenges at the same time. The trend of larger-sized ships, being more specialized and the alliance of shipping company become more obvious, which improves the negotiated position of shipping companies in the market. Larger-sized ships make the competition of being main harbors among harbors grow more intense. The requirements of door-to-door transportation brings the development of seamless transport which is based on supply chain management and, product distribution brings the shift of new transportation paradigm.The changes above, makes harbor logistics operations increasingly focused and the competition among various harbors become more intense competing in hinterland sourcing, collection and distribution facilities and so on. At the same time, harbors move forward to the development of deepwater, large-scale and specialized. Competition is exacerbated by harbor investment diversification. Faced with such a complex development environment, how to evaluate the competitive abilities and what policies should harbors adopt is the problem that enterprises must solve.
To enhance harbor's competitive abilities, improve the income from the harbor's operating, improve the level of scientific decision-making of the harbor, and from the aspect of the strategy design of container harbor, this paper integrates the use of qualitative analysis and game theory to study the competing tactics of the container harbor, which will enrich the theory of the harbor competition. This article gives a description of the evolution of the theory of competitive strategy as well as the competitive ability. And the paper also proposes the evaluation method of container harbor's competition based on the discrete mutation-topsis matter element, and establishes a model for the actual harbor's presentation and gives a solution. Thirdly, it proposes the use of Stackelberg game to establish the competition model of harbors and consignors, and the competition model of harbor and shipping companies. Then, based on the process, characteristics and function of container harbor supply chain management; this paper uses Stackelberg game to establish the competition model of harbors and consignors, and the competition model of harbor and shipping companies. Based on the above studies, it sets up game model to solve the problem of the decision-making behavior of the two harbors about price and quality of service in oligopolistic market. And, it also builds a container multimodal transport network, proposes positive network externalities, studies about the best price and service level of harbor, and gives an analysis of the intrinsic relationship between the network externalities and harbor competition. Finally, the paper establishes the super-network of container transport, and, both fixed and random container transportation network equilibrium model are established on the level of understanding of the network by the consignors, which are used to study the distribution law of the demand of containers in the network.
引文
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