萨北开发区纯西葡一油层组沉积构成及聚驱解堵增注研究
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摘要
葡一油层是大庆油田的主要产层之一,由白垩纪姚家组底部和青山口组顶部地层组成,为河流-三角洲相沉积。目前部分地区实施注聚合物等三次开采,三采后仍有约50%的剩余油赋存地下。通过对储层砂体内部沉积构成的精细研究明确储层非均质特征,从而揭示剩余油分布规律和注聚堵塞机理,在油田开发后期具有重要的理论和现实意义。本文应用高精度层序地层理论和Miall的成因构成分析方法在葡一油层内开展砂体内部构成、剩余油分布规律、注聚堵塞机理及相应的解堵增注措施分析,取得了如下成果:
1.建立了葡一油层组高精度层序格架,划分出3个四级层序和7-8个五级层序。识别出三角洲平原、三角洲前缘、河流等沉积体系类型,平面编图揭示了四级层序沉积微相和砂体厚度的分布变化。
2.总结区内的储集砂体包括单一成因砂体和复合砂体,阐述了正韵律、反韵律和复合韵律砂体的沉积特征和物性特征。开展了P12和P13复合砂体内部构形分析。揭示了P12曲流河点坝体侧向加积结构形成的4级界面形态、产状、分布及识别特征。提出P13下切辫状水道形成于沉积基准面下降期,内部以冲刷充填结构为主,并识别出3-5级界面。
3.从垂向叠置和平面组合上探讨了复合砂体的内部沉积构成和储层非均质特征,划分出主河道带、河道边缘—河口坝带、边缘砂坝—决口—越岸带等砂岩分布区带,指出各带的剩余油分布特征。总结了P12和P13复合砂体内4级界面控制下的隔层分布和剩余油分布模式。
4.现场分析和室内实验揭示了堵塞物的组成和堵塞过程,探讨了储层非均质性对堵塞的影响,指出正韵律砂体基本不堵塞或近井堵塞,堵塞物以粘土、机械杂质为主,与聚合物干粉质量、配伍比有关;反韵律和复合韵律砂体远井堵塞,堵塞物以无机成核、有机缠绕为主,与渗透率、孔喉半径等有关;平面上区分出渗透率大于500md,300-500md和小于300md的三个带,前者基本不堵塞或近井堵塞,300-500md远井堵塞,小于300md无法通过,易堵塞,指出这三个带与主河道带、河道边缘—河口坝带、边缘砂坝—决口—越岸带具有很好的一致性。
5.根据不同沉积构成的砂体在聚驱开采中堵塞的特点,提出了相应的解堵增注措施。对于正韵律近井堵塞用HRS新型解堵剂解堵,对于复合韵律远井堵塞,用树脂砂解堵,对于具有复杂隔层分布的厚砂体用压裂后再解堵方法解堵。
Pu-1 oil layer, one of most important productivity layers, composed with lower part of Cretaceous Yaojia Formation and upper part of Qingshankou Formation, is river and delta sedimentary. At present, parts of area has been carried out polymer injection development. After the third development, there is still about 50% remaining oil undevelopment. Through the detailed study of depositional architecture of reservoir sandbody, confirming the heterogeneity characteristic, and revealing the distribution law of remaining oil and the polymer injection blocking mechanism have great significance of theory and practice in later development period. Applying high-resolution sequence stratigraphy theory and Miall's genetic architecture analysis method, the sedimentary architecture of sandbody, remaining oil distribution law, polymer injection blocking mechanism and feasible methods of blockage-removing and stimulation of polymer injection of Pu-1 oil layer have been studied in this paper. There achieved the following results:1. The high-resolution sequence stratigraphy framework of Pu-1 oil layer has been estabilished,and divided 3 4~(th) order sequences and 7-8 5~(th) order sequences. Several sedimentary microfacies have been recognized under the high-resolution sequence stratigraphy framework, such as delta plain, delta front, river and so on. The sedimentary microfacies mapping of 4 order sequence revealled the laterial change of sedimentary microfacies and sandbody thickness.2. we summarized the sandbody types, including singe genetic sandbody and composed sandbody, and expatiated the sedimentary and reservoic characteristic of the normal rhythm, reverse rhythm and composed rhythm sandbody in this paper. The depositional architecture study of Pu-1-2 and Pu-1-3 composed sandbody has also been carried out, and show that the shape, distribution and recognization characteristic of 4~(th) order surface in Miall's genetic architecture unit analysis, which formed of Pu-1-2 mender single point bar laterial superposition. Pu-1-3 incised braided channel formed during the sea-level falling period, and formed erode and filling configuration, by which the 3~(th) or 5~(th) surfaces can be identified.3. According to the vertical superposition of composed sandbody and horizonal heterogeneity of reservoir, there has been divide into 3 different sedimentary belts,
that is major channel belt, channel margin and mouth bar belt and marginal sand bar-flooding fan -flooding plain belt, and discussed the different remaining oil distribution characteristic. The interlayer distribution and remaining oil distribution model controlled by 4* order surface of Pu-1-2 and Pu-1-3 composed sandbody have been summarized in this paper.4. The fieldwork and laboratory experience revealed the composition and the blocking process. The relationship of reservoir heterogeneity and blocking has been discussed. The result show that normal rhythm sandbody is hardly blocked or near blocked, the blocking mainly is mud and mechanical fabric, that is connected with the polymer power quality and mix rate. The reverse rhythm and composed sandbody is far blocked, the blocking is mainly inorganic inside and organic arrounding, that is connected with porosity and permeability. There can be divided 3 permeability distribution belts, that are over 500md, 300-500md and lower 300md. There is hardly blocking or nearly blocked in the over 500md belt, there is easy far blocked in the 3OO-5OOmd belt, and there is easy blocked in the lower 300md belt. These belts are almost consistent well to the main channel belt, channel margin-mouth bar belt and marginal sand bar-flooding fan-flooding plain belt5. According to the different blocking characteristic of different depositional architecture in polymer injection development, the feasible methods of blockage-removing and stimulation of polymer injection have been brought in this paper. Applying HRS new type blockage to normal rhythm nearly blocking sandbody, applying colophony sand to composed and far blocking sandbody, and applying crush and blockage to complex interlay thick sandbody.
1.建立了葡一油层组高精度层序格架,划分出3个四级层序和7-8个五级层序。识别出三角洲平原、三角洲前缘、河流等沉积体系类型,平面编图揭示了四级层序沉积微相和砂体厚度的分布变化。
2.总结区内的储集砂体包括单一成因砂体和复合砂体,阐述了正韵律、反韵律和复合韵律砂体的沉积特征和物性特征。开展了P12和P13复合砂体内部构形分析。揭示了P12曲流河点坝体侧向加积结构形成的4级界面形态、产状、分布及识别特征。提出P13下切辫状水道形成于沉积基准面下降期,内部以冲刷充填结构为主,并识别出3-5级界面。
3.从垂向叠置和平面组合上探讨了复合砂体的内部沉积构成和储层非均质特征,划分出主河道带、河道边缘—河口坝带、边缘砂坝—决口—越岸带等砂岩分布区带,指出各带的剩余油分布特征。总结了P12和P13复合砂体内4级界面控制下的隔层分布和剩余油分布模式。
4.现场分析和室内实验揭示了堵塞物的组成和堵塞过程,探讨了储层非均质性对堵塞的影响,指出正韵律砂体基本不堵塞或近井堵塞,堵塞物以粘土、机械杂质为主,与聚合物干粉质量、配伍比有关;反韵律和复合韵律砂体远井堵塞,堵塞物以无机成核、有机缠绕为主,与渗透率、孔喉半径等有关;平面上区分出渗透率大于500md,300-500md和小于300md的三个带,前者基本不堵塞或近井堵塞,300-500md远井堵塞,小于300md无法通过,易堵塞,指出这三个带与主河道带、河道边缘—河口坝带、边缘砂坝—决口—越岸带具有很好的一致性。
5.根据不同沉积构成的砂体在聚驱开采中堵塞的特点,提出了相应的解堵增注措施。对于正韵律近井堵塞用HRS新型解堵剂解堵,对于复合韵律远井堵塞,用树脂砂解堵,对于具有复杂隔层分布的厚砂体用压裂后再解堵方法解堵。
Pu-1 oil layer, one of most important productivity layers, composed with lower part of Cretaceous Yaojia Formation and upper part of Qingshankou Formation, is river and delta sedimentary. At present, parts of area has been carried out polymer injection development. After the third development, there is still about 50% remaining oil undevelopment. Through the detailed study of depositional architecture of reservoir sandbody, confirming the heterogeneity characteristic, and revealing the distribution law of remaining oil and the polymer injection blocking mechanism have great significance of theory and practice in later development period. Applying high-resolution sequence stratigraphy theory and Miall's genetic architecture analysis method, the sedimentary architecture of sandbody, remaining oil distribution law, polymer injection blocking mechanism and feasible methods of blockage-removing and stimulation of polymer injection of Pu-1 oil layer have been studied in this paper. There achieved the following results:1. The high-resolution sequence stratigraphy framework of Pu-1 oil layer has been estabilished,and divided 3 4~(th) order sequences and 7-8 5~(th) order sequences. Several sedimentary microfacies have been recognized under the high-resolution sequence stratigraphy framework, such as delta plain, delta front, river and so on. The sedimentary microfacies mapping of 4 order sequence revealled the laterial change of sedimentary microfacies and sandbody thickness.2. we summarized the sandbody types, including singe genetic sandbody and composed sandbody, and expatiated the sedimentary and reservoic characteristic of the normal rhythm, reverse rhythm and composed rhythm sandbody in this paper. The depositional architecture study of Pu-1-2 and Pu-1-3 composed sandbody has also been carried out, and show that the shape, distribution and recognization characteristic of 4~(th) order surface in Miall's genetic architecture unit analysis, which formed of Pu-1-2 mender single point bar laterial superposition. Pu-1-3 incised braided channel formed during the sea-level falling period, and formed erode and filling configuration, by which the 3~(th) or 5~(th) surfaces can be identified.3. According to the vertical superposition of composed sandbody and horizonal heterogeneity of reservoir, there has been divide into 3 different sedimentary belts,
that is major channel belt, channel margin and mouth bar belt and marginal sand bar-flooding fan -flooding plain belt, and discussed the different remaining oil distribution characteristic. The interlayer distribution and remaining oil distribution model controlled by 4* order surface of Pu-1-2 and Pu-1-3 composed sandbody have been summarized in this paper.4. The fieldwork and laboratory experience revealed the composition and the blocking process. The relationship of reservoir heterogeneity and blocking has been discussed. The result show that normal rhythm sandbody is hardly blocked or near blocked, the blocking mainly is mud and mechanical fabric, that is connected with the polymer power quality and mix rate. The reverse rhythm and composed sandbody is far blocked, the blocking is mainly inorganic inside and organic arrounding, that is connected with porosity and permeability. There can be divided 3 permeability distribution belts, that are over 500md, 300-500md and lower 300md. There is hardly blocking or nearly blocked in the over 500md belt, there is easy far blocked in the 3OO-5OOmd belt, and there is easy blocked in the lower 300md belt. These belts are almost consistent well to the main channel belt, channel margin-mouth bar belt and marginal sand bar-flooding fan-flooding plain belt5. According to the different blocking characteristic of different depositional architecture in polymer injection development, the feasible methods of blockage-removing and stimulation of polymer injection have been brought in this paper. Applying HRS new type blockage to normal rhythm nearly blocking sandbody, applying colophony sand to composed and far blocking sandbody, and applying crush and blockage to complex interlay thick sandbody.
引文
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