油田地震地质综合研究方法
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摘要
大庆油田采油七厂辖区内的葡萄花油田是一个有着20多年开发历史、年产超100万吨的大型油田。在油田开发后期,油田科技工作者努力寻找各种能保证老油田稳产的技术方法。本文以油田地质理论为指导思想,以开发地震的应用研究为主线,紧密结合油田实际生产与需求为出发点,详尽利用地震资料内部所包含的地下地质的地球物理信息,开展方法应用研究,并在两年多的时间内,完成了一个从地震资料处理到油藏精细描述的系统研究应用过程,取得了非常好的实际效果,为老油田的持续稳产找到了一条可实际操作的途径,使科学研究成为真实的生产力。
在实际研究工作中,本文首次开展葡萄花油田的三维地震资料的连片处理,提出一整套解决不同施工因素的三维拼接问题的方法,并在实际处理中采用保幅的叠前深度偏移的油藏信息化处理思想,实现葡萄花油田1014km2三维地震资料的完全连片。
在地震资料解释过程中采用全新的研究思想和技术手段,实现构造与岩性解释并举,采用全三维地震解释手段解释并闭合构造层位,最大限度地挖掘剩余的低幅度、小断块油藏,利用多种地震属性信息,开展岩性解释,寻找隐蔽的岩性油藏,有针对性地实际应用地球物理最先进的理论方法和前缘的技术手段:诸如利用相干体、地层倾角及边缘探测技术在平面上合理解释组合断层,应用变速场完成构造图的编制。在油气储层预测中,应用地震沿层拉平切片技术,地震频谱能量成像技术,地震波吸收系数计算,地震多属性分析技术,地震波阻抗反演及地球物理特征反演,地震叠前资料裂缝识别,地震叠前资料AVO反演,提出并实现在油田可实际操作的由定性预测到定量化描述的研究过程。
应用储层沉积微相解释和油藏精细地质建模来表征油气储层的地质特征,为开发后期方案调整打下了基础。
通过研究区域的构造发育史及地层特征,油藏发育与构造、沉积演化关系,油气聚集与构造演化的关系等建立油藏类型及沉积模式。
最后通过对油藏的认知,总结构造和储层的研究成果,制定油气有利区的评价标准,落实有利区面积和幅度等指标,部署建议井井位,最终完成对于一个研究目标区的综合研究内容,从而也创建了一套石油地震、地质综合研究的更全面和完善的研究工作流程。根据研究后期实际钻井证实,取得了非常好的经济价值和社会效益。
Putaohua oilfield is a large one in the area of seventh oil production plant of Daqing oilfield. Its development history more than 20 years and yearly output more than 1 million tons. In late of development, scientific and technical personnel search the technology which can assure stable yields of maturing field. This paper is guided by oil field geology, focused on application study of production seismology, started from closely associate oilfield reality with productive requirement, detailedly use geophysical information of subsurface, carry on study of method application. For more than two years, a system study and application process from seismic data processing to fine reservoir description has been finished, and perfect achievement has been reached. It finds a practical way for stable yields of maturing field, makes scientific study to real productivity.
In the real study, this paper carried joining processing of 3D seismic data in Putaohua oilfield firstly, proposed a suit solution of 3D seismic data joining under different survey condition. Complete joining of 1014 km2 Putaohua oilfield 3D seismic data has been finished under the guide of oilfield informationization processing with prestack amplitude-preserving migration.
Brand new ideal and technology were used in seismic data processing, which obtained structure elucidation and lithologic interpretation at the same time. Full tree dimensional interpretation is used to interpret and close tectonic level. Maximal mining remanent low amplitude and mini fault oilfield. Using multiple seismic attributes, carried lithologic interpretation, search concealed lithologic oilfield. Objectively use the most advanced method and front technology, such as reasonably interpret fault complex in plane with coherent body, stratigraphic dip and edge prospecting, compile structural map with variable velocity field. In reservoir prediction, use lateral slice, spectrum energy imaging, absorption coefficient calculation, wave impedance inversion and geophysical character inversion, prestack fracture identification and prestack AVO inversion, and propose process from qualitative prediction to quantitative description which is practical in oilfield. Reservoir sedimentary microfacies interpretation and reservoir finely geologic model construction are used to characterize reservoir geologic character, which supply foundation for later develop plan adjusting.
Reservoir type and depositional model are constructed though the study of regional structural developed history and formation characteristics, relationship between reservoir development and structure as well as depositional evolution, relationship between hydrocarbon accumulation and structural evolution. Finally through cognition to the reservoir, sum up the study result about the structure and the reservoir, draw up the evaluation criterion about the oil and gas favorable zone, ascertain the indexes such as area and amplitude of the favorable zone, deploy the suggestive well location, and in the last, complete the comprehensive study content of target area, thereby establish a set of more comprehensive and more consummate study work flow line for petroleum seismic and geological comprehensive study. According to the actual well drilling in the late study, it is confirmed to obtain a perfect economic value and society profit.
在实际研究工作中,本文首次开展葡萄花油田的三维地震资料的连片处理,提出一整套解决不同施工因素的三维拼接问题的方法,并在实际处理中采用保幅的叠前深度偏移的油藏信息化处理思想,实现葡萄花油田1014km2三维地震资料的完全连片。
在地震资料解释过程中采用全新的研究思想和技术手段,实现构造与岩性解释并举,采用全三维地震解释手段解释并闭合构造层位,最大限度地挖掘剩余的低幅度、小断块油藏,利用多种地震属性信息,开展岩性解释,寻找隐蔽的岩性油藏,有针对性地实际应用地球物理最先进的理论方法和前缘的技术手段:诸如利用相干体、地层倾角及边缘探测技术在平面上合理解释组合断层,应用变速场完成构造图的编制。在油气储层预测中,应用地震沿层拉平切片技术,地震频谱能量成像技术,地震波吸收系数计算,地震多属性分析技术,地震波阻抗反演及地球物理特征反演,地震叠前资料裂缝识别,地震叠前资料AVO反演,提出并实现在油田可实际操作的由定性预测到定量化描述的研究过程。
应用储层沉积微相解释和油藏精细地质建模来表征油气储层的地质特征,为开发后期方案调整打下了基础。
通过研究区域的构造发育史及地层特征,油藏发育与构造、沉积演化关系,油气聚集与构造演化的关系等建立油藏类型及沉积模式。
最后通过对油藏的认知,总结构造和储层的研究成果,制定油气有利区的评价标准,落实有利区面积和幅度等指标,部署建议井井位,最终完成对于一个研究目标区的综合研究内容,从而也创建了一套石油地震、地质综合研究的更全面和完善的研究工作流程。根据研究后期实际钻井证实,取得了非常好的经济价值和社会效益。
Putaohua oilfield is a large one in the area of seventh oil production plant of Daqing oilfield. Its development history more than 20 years and yearly output more than 1 million tons. In late of development, scientific and technical personnel search the technology which can assure stable yields of maturing field. This paper is guided by oil field geology, focused on application study of production seismology, started from closely associate oilfield reality with productive requirement, detailedly use geophysical information of subsurface, carry on study of method application. For more than two years, a system study and application process from seismic data processing to fine reservoir description has been finished, and perfect achievement has been reached. It finds a practical way for stable yields of maturing field, makes scientific study to real productivity.
In the real study, this paper carried joining processing of 3D seismic data in Putaohua oilfield firstly, proposed a suit solution of 3D seismic data joining under different survey condition. Complete joining of 1014 km2 Putaohua oilfield 3D seismic data has been finished under the guide of oilfield informationization processing with prestack amplitude-preserving migration.
Brand new ideal and technology were used in seismic data processing, which obtained structure elucidation and lithologic interpretation at the same time. Full tree dimensional interpretation is used to interpret and close tectonic level. Maximal mining remanent low amplitude and mini fault oilfield. Using multiple seismic attributes, carried lithologic interpretation, search concealed lithologic oilfield. Objectively use the most advanced method and front technology, such as reasonably interpret fault complex in plane with coherent body, stratigraphic dip and edge prospecting, compile structural map with variable velocity field. In reservoir prediction, use lateral slice, spectrum energy imaging, absorption coefficient calculation, wave impedance inversion and geophysical character inversion, prestack fracture identification and prestack AVO inversion, and propose process from qualitative prediction to quantitative description which is practical in oilfield. Reservoir sedimentary microfacies interpretation and reservoir finely geologic model construction are used to characterize reservoir geologic character, which supply foundation for later develop plan adjusting.
Reservoir type and depositional model are constructed though the study of regional structural developed history and formation characteristics, relationship between reservoir development and structure as well as depositional evolution, relationship between hydrocarbon accumulation and structural evolution. Finally through cognition to the reservoir, sum up the study result about the structure and the reservoir, draw up the evaluation criterion about the oil and gas favorable zone, ascertain the indexes such as area and amplitude of the favorable zone, deploy the suggestive well location, and in the last, complete the comprehensive study content of target area, thereby establish a set of more comprehensive and more consummate study work flow line for petroleum seismic and geological comprehensive study. According to the actual well drilling in the late study, it is confirmed to obtain a perfect economic value and society profit.
引文
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