车辆段设备维修管理研究
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摘要
本文阐述了车辆段设备管理在铁路运输系统的基础地位和重要作用,针对铁路运输系统生产布局的变化,车辆段设备管理面临着流程再造,结合铁路运输的实际和现代化铁路运输企业发展的趋势,论文研究车辆段设备维修管理中3个比较突出的问题。
1.分析构建设备管理组织的基本原则,针对全路车辆段存在的分散式管理、集中式管理以及混合式管理3种设备维修模式,采用考虑安全性的层次分析法,提出了设备维修组织评估数学模型,建立了判断矩阵并进行了检验,给出了安全矩阵,形成考虑安全性的判断矩阵。对于群决策,采取加权平均方法得出这3种模式的综合评价结果,进而确定出最佳的管理模式,并且给出算例。
2.通过分析目前车辆段设备管理中存在的问题,提出差异性维修制,按照设备的特点逐台进行分析,本文从可靠性、维修性、经济性等方面建立设备状态的评价体系,采用模糊综合评价法,评估设备的状态,从定期预防维修、状态监测维修和事后维修三种维修模式中,确定最佳设备维修模式。
同时本文针对定期预防维修采取灰色GM(1,1)模型预测检修周期,经检验该模型精确度高,预测结果可靠。
针对车辆段弹性生产给设备维修造成的维修时间不足,本文提出了采取机会维修策略;针对8条主要流水线采取流水线组合修;针对计算机控制设备采取事后维修策略。
3.分析铁道部推荐的设备维修3A制存在的不足,论文采用可拓学原理,建立设备维修岗位评价体系。构建了物元模型,按照设备维修实际,将评价指标划分为A～D等级。确定节点域、经典域,建立关联函数。根据关联度确定岗位的等级赋予相应的分配系数,由分配系数和单位分配系数对应的货币值两个参数,实现以岗定薪。
This paper expatiated the foundation position and important function of vehicle depot' s equipment management in railage system.Vehicle depot's equipment management was confronted with process reengineering in allusion to the variety of the railroad transportation system' s producing layout. The paper studied the 3 comparatively outstanding problems about vehicle depot' s equipment management combining the facts of the railroad transportation and developmental trend of modernize railage enterprises.
1.By analysing basic principle of establishing equipment management organization, in allusion to the 3 equipment mainttenance modes of decentralization management、centralizing management and composite management. The paper adopted the analytic hierarchy process with safey analysis, put forward evaluating mathematics model of equipment maintenance organization, established judgment matrix and tested result, gave safety matrix, come into being judgment matrixs with safey analysis. The paper used adding priority average method for the group decision and gained result of comprehensive evaluation for 3 modes. The best management mode was gained and the example was gave.
2. By analysing the problems of the equipment management of the current vehicle depot, the paper put forward the difference maintenance. According to the characteristics of every equipment , the paper established the evaluation system on the condition of equipment from the reliability、maintainability and economy. It used the fuzzy synthesis evaluation method and evaluated the function of equipment. It was made sure that the mode of equitment maintenance should be time-based-prevevtive maintenance、condition-based maintenance or run-to-breakdown maintenance.
At the same time ,the paper adopted the grey GM(1,1)model to forecast the maintenance cycle with the time-based-prevevtive, the model was highly accurate and its predicted results were reliable, and the example was gave.
According to insufficiency of equipment maintenance time which was induced by flexible production of the vehicle depot, the paper put forward that opportunistic maintenance should be adopted .For the 8 pipelines, the synchronous maintenance should be adopted. For the equipments which were controled by computer, run-to-breakdown maintenance should be adopted.
3. By analysing the problems of the equipment maintenance's "3A" of the railway department, the paper introduced the theory of extenics, and established the evaluation system on the position of equipment maintenance which based on extenics. Matter element model was established and evaluation index was set off A～D grades according to the fact of the equipment maintenance. Extensional matter-element、classical matter-element were ascertained and the dependent function was established. According to the grades of positions which were ascertained by the dependent functions, the corresponding distribution coefficients were endued. According to the 2 parameters which were made up by the distribution coefficient and the money value of a distribution coefficient, fixing salary based on position was carried out.
1.分析构建设备管理组织的基本原则,针对全路车辆段存在的分散式管理、集中式管理以及混合式管理3种设备维修模式,采用考虑安全性的层次分析法,提出了设备维修组织评估数学模型,建立了判断矩阵并进行了检验,给出了安全矩阵,形成考虑安全性的判断矩阵。对于群决策,采取加权平均方法得出这3种模式的综合评价结果,进而确定出最佳的管理模式,并且给出算例。
2.通过分析目前车辆段设备管理中存在的问题,提出差异性维修制,按照设备的特点逐台进行分析,本文从可靠性、维修性、经济性等方面建立设备状态的评价体系,采用模糊综合评价法,评估设备的状态,从定期预防维修、状态监测维修和事后维修三种维修模式中,确定最佳设备维修模式。
同时本文针对定期预防维修采取灰色GM(1,1)模型预测检修周期,经检验该模型精确度高,预测结果可靠。
针对车辆段弹性生产给设备维修造成的维修时间不足,本文提出了采取机会维修策略;针对8条主要流水线采取流水线组合修;针对计算机控制设备采取事后维修策略。
3.分析铁道部推荐的设备维修3A制存在的不足,论文采用可拓学原理,建立设备维修岗位评价体系。构建了物元模型,按照设备维修实际,将评价指标划分为A～D等级。确定节点域、经典域,建立关联函数。根据关联度确定岗位的等级赋予相应的分配系数,由分配系数和单位分配系数对应的货币值两个参数,实现以岗定薪。
This paper expatiated the foundation position and important function of vehicle depot' s equipment management in railage system.Vehicle depot's equipment management was confronted with process reengineering in allusion to the variety of the railroad transportation system' s producing layout. The paper studied the 3 comparatively outstanding problems about vehicle depot' s equipment management combining the facts of the railroad transportation and developmental trend of modernize railage enterprises.
1.By analysing basic principle of establishing equipment management organization, in allusion to the 3 equipment mainttenance modes of decentralization management、centralizing management and composite management. The paper adopted the analytic hierarchy process with safey analysis, put forward evaluating mathematics model of equipment maintenance organization, established judgment matrix and tested result, gave safety matrix, come into being judgment matrixs with safey analysis. The paper used adding priority average method for the group decision and gained result of comprehensive evaluation for 3 modes. The best management mode was gained and the example was gave.
2. By analysing the problems of the equipment management of the current vehicle depot, the paper put forward the difference maintenance. According to the characteristics of every equipment , the paper established the evaluation system on the condition of equipment from the reliability、maintainability and economy. It used the fuzzy synthesis evaluation method and evaluated the function of equipment. It was made sure that the mode of equitment maintenance should be time-based-prevevtive maintenance、condition-based maintenance or run-to-breakdown maintenance.
At the same time ,the paper adopted the grey GM(1,1)model to forecast the maintenance cycle with the time-based-prevevtive, the model was highly accurate and its predicted results were reliable, and the example was gave.
According to insufficiency of equipment maintenance time which was induced by flexible production of the vehicle depot, the paper put forward that opportunistic maintenance should be adopted .For the 8 pipelines, the synchronous maintenance should be adopted. For the equipments which were controled by computer, run-to-breakdown maintenance should be adopted.
3. By analysing the problems of the equipment maintenance's "3A" of the railway department, the paper introduced the theory of extenics, and established the evaluation system on the position of equipment maintenance which based on extenics. Matter element model was established and evaluation index was set off A～D grades according to the fact of the equipment maintenance. Extensional matter-element、classical matter-element were ascertained and the dependent function was established. According to the grades of positions which were ascertained by the dependent functions, the corresponding distribution coefficients were endued. According to the 2 parameters which were made up by the distribution coefficient and the money value of a distribution coefficient, fixing salary based on position was carried out.
引文
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[2]李备.“设备维修市场”术语剖析.中国设备工程.1996,(8):38-38
[3]周文彪.设备管理.上海科学技术出版社,1998:1-1
[4]李德源等.现代设备经济管理.人民交通出版社.2000:3-4
[5]张友诚.维护还是维修?.中国设备工程.1995(10):42-42
[6]British Standard.3811.1984:4-6.
[7]涂忆柳等.维修工程管理研究与发展综述.工业工程与管理.2004,(4):8-8
[8]张琦.现代机电设备维修质量管理概论.清华大学出版社、北方交通大学出版杜,2004:9-10
[9]吕策尔.设备维修.张友诚译.中国宇航出版社,2004
[10]尤毓国.设备维修管理工程学.人民交通出版社,1989:10-15
[11]姜志刚.设备维修管理决策支持系统的研究与开发.南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文:2003
[12]陈汉中.车辆检修设备的发展及管理对策.铁道运营技术.2005,11(3):36-38
[13]常建娥等.设备维修管理模式的研究.机械研究与应用.2005,18(12):10-11
[14]饶佳宁.论企业的组织设计与提高企业竞争力.商场现代化.2005,(16)
[15]王立新.车轮公司组织结构优化设计.吉林大学硕士学位论文.2006
[16]许树柏.实用决策方法-层次分析法原理.天津大学出版社,1998:1-60
[17]王莲芬等.AHP问题中逆序问题的综述.系统工程理论与实践.1994,(6):2-4
[18]江文奇等.AHP中逆判问题的研究.运筹与管理.2003,12(1),13-16
[19]骆正清等.层次分析法中逆序问题与其决策环境的研究系统.工程与电子技术.1997,(2):17-22
[20]杜栋等.现代综合评价方法与案例精选.清华大学出版,2005:17-17
[21]戴峰等.考虑安全性的层次分析法.中国管理科学.2000,8(1):34-42
[22]郭亚军.综合评价理论与方法.北京科学出版社,2002:37-38
[23]沃肯巴赫.中文版Excel宝典.陈缅等译.电子工业出版社,2004
[24]沃肯巴赫.Excel2003高级VBA编程宝典.盖江南等译.电子工业出版社,2005
[25]铁道部设备办公室,铁路设备综合管理工作指南.中国铁道出版社,1997:64-67;
[26]王功胜.机床数控系统的管理维修及故障排除.设备管理与维修.2003,(8):22-23
[27]R.Billinton,R.N.Allan.reliability evaluation of engineering systems.Plenum Press,1938:149-156
[28]吕文元等.关于先进制造设备故障规律的新认识.工业工程.2004,7(6):10-13
[29]巫世晶.设备管理工程.中国电力出版社,2005:166
[30]Zadeh L A.TheConcept of A Linguistic Variable and Its Application to Approximate Reasoning.Information Sciences.1975,(1-3)
[31]Isha Bagai,Kanchan.Improvement,deterioration,and optimal replacement under age-replacement with minimal repair.IEEE Transactions on Reliability,1994,43(1)
[32]宋晓秋.模糊数学原理与方法.中国矿业大学出版社,1999.201-204
[33]童建斌等.模糊综合评判在机械设备评价中的应用.机械设计与制造.2005,(12):37-37
[34]徐树彬.设备维修方式的选择.设备管理与维修.2004,(5)9-11
[35]高红星等.基于模糊综合评价的维修性设计评估.飞机工程.2005,(3)25-27
[36]张毅.基于重要度划分的设备维修方式决策.武器装备自动化.2005,24(6)23-24
[37]梁工谦等.视情维修中设备维修模式权衡分析.西北工业大学学报.2005,23(4):504-507
[38]鄢灵等.利用VBA在Excel中实现教师教学质量的模糊综合评价.计算机与信息技术.2006,(03):100-101
[39]邓聚龙.灰色系统基本方法.华中理工大学出版社,1996
[40]张业鹏等.灰色GM模型在设备维修中的应用.湖北工学院学报.2002,17(4)
[41]张永波.基于灰色系统理论的预测模型的研究.哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文.2005
[42]严声远等.设备状态检修中的灰色预测方法.哈尔滨工程大学学报.2004,25(3):380-383
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