新课程背景下高考语文现代文阅读试题研究
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摘要
高考是一项具有浓厚的中国文化特色的考试制度,它肩负着人们太多的期许和推崇。如今科学技术正在以日新月异的成就改变着人们的生活,高考却依然傲立于教育最前沿。为了充分发挥高考对教育和社会发展的促进功能,我国的高考制度不断地调整、发展和完善。随着高中语文新课程深入推进,评价改革逐渐成了人们关注的焦点,对语文高考命题提出了更高的要求。如今探讨高考语文试题的特点,研究科学、有效的高考语文命题方式成为了一个亟待解决的课题。而高考语文现代文阅读试题是高考语文试题的一个重要的组成部分,它以其新颖的理念、新奇的面貌,引起了社会的热切关注。对其展开研究不仅能促进高考语文现代文阅读考试的科学化,还能有助于推进语文新课程改革,推动现代文阅读课堂教学的有效展开。
本研究拟以2007——2010年全国各地的高考语文试卷的文学类文本阅读部分为主要的研究对象,采用文献、统计等研究方法,对高考语文现代文阅读试题的文学类文本试题的命制的依据及试题的本身进行了综合研究。
本论文总体上分为三大部分：第一部分为引言,简要概述了论文选题的缘起、研究的思路及其价值,以及对目前研究的现状进行了简单的梳理。从总体上看,近些年的针对新课程高考试卷的研究中,较多的是把高考语文作为一个整体研究,较少的将新课改高考语文现代文阅读试题作为一个单独研究；大多是对单年度的新课改高考语文试卷的研究,对近几年的新课改语文现代文阅读试题作纵向研究的较少；对现代文阅读解题思路策略研究的较多,从理论的角度来研究的较少。
第二部分共分为四章,第一章主要是从纵向概述了高考语文现代文阅读命题的历史,初步把建国后近60年的高考语文现代文阅读试卷的发展历程划分为初创期,改革探索期、改革深入期、深入实施期四个历史阶段,且概述了各阶段的教育背景以及现代文阅读命题的特点。纵观高考语文现代文阅读试题的发展历程,高考语文现代文阅读试题的发展是一个由忽视到重视的不断发展过程,试题的发展不断地走向成熟,就选文的内容,现代文试题的选材大致上经历了政论文——实用性说明文——科普文+文化性散文的三个阶段。考点命制上,体现了从知识立意向能力立意转化,突出了语文能力和语文素养的考查。第二章宏观分析新课程改革以来高考语文现代文阅读命题整体性转向的社会文化背景,力求把握其发展的脉络,重点阐述了新课改高考语文现代文阅读命题的主要理论依据(语文课程标准、教学大纲及新时期的知识观)。第三章从横向剖析新课改革背景下的高考语文现代文阅读试题,对其进行实体研究。本文重点是从文本测试的材料、考查的内容以及命题的角度、题型的设计、参考答案等维度对文学类文本阅读的试题进行较全方面的分析。试题文本测试的材料富有文化内涵和时代气息,凸显了科学人文的价值取向；在考察内容和命题角度上,加强了对鉴赏文学作品的形象、语言和表达技巧上的考查,突出了语文学科的特点；在试题的题型和参考答案上的设计上较以前更加富有人性化,体现了对考生作为平等主体的尊重和关怀。第四章是对高考语文现代文阅读试题的客观评价。通过对新课程背景下的高考现代文文学类文本阅读试题的研究,其命题较好的体现了语文课程标准新的理念,具有很好的导向性,也有利于高校选拔人才命题的指导思想。但发展的同时也存在其不足之处,命题还不够科学规范,认为存在的问题主要体现在材料的选择、考查的内容、题型的设计,题干的表述及答案的提供等四个方面。
第三部分是对现代文阅读命题趋势的展望。主要探讨的是在语文的新课程改革大背景下,通过对高考语文现代文阅读命题改革在语文教育中的现状研究,结合语文新课标的新理念,预测其发展的趋势：在命题维度上,突出语文新课程目标“整体性”；在命题形式上,将更加突出“综合性”和“开放性”；在命题的风格上,将会呈现“个性化”和“多元化”；在测试的取材上,将会更加突出“时代性”和“人文性”。
本论文研究的意义主要表现在两个方面：一是在理论上丰富了高考语文现代文文学类文本阅读试题命制的研究；二是在实践上指导了新课程背景下高中语文阅读教学的有效开展。
The university entrance exam is a strong characteristics of Chinese culture exam system, it is shouldering the people's too many expectations and too much praise. Now people's life are rapidly changed by science and technology, but the university entrance exam is still standing proudly at the education forefront. In order to give full play to the university entrance exam to education and social development in China, the positive function of the university entrance exam system is ceaselessly adjusted、developed and improved. With the promotion of high school courses, the assessment of reformation gradually became the focus, higher requirements is proposed to the Chinese university entrance exam. Now to explore the characteristics of university entrance exam language and research the scientific and effective proposition way of the Chinese university entrance exam became an urgent problem to be solved. While the modern reading exam is a main component of the university entrance examination questions, with its innovative ideas-. novel appearance, it caused eagerly social concern. For its deploying study can not only promote the scientific about the modern Chinese reading in college entrance examination test, can also help to promote new Chinese curriculum reformation and the effective unfolding about the modern Chinese reading in classroom teaching.
This research focuses on the 2007-2010 college entrance examination examination paper around the country of Chinese text reading literature for the main part research object, using literature and statistical methods to research the university entrance exam of Chinese modern reading in the literature text questions test system basis and the life of a comprehensive test itself.
This thesis generally divided into three parts:The first part is preface, briefly summarizes the origin of the topic, the thinking and its value, and also give a simple analyse to the present research. Generally speaking, the study about the new curriculum in the national college entrance examination was more as a whole study, only less as a single research; Most were studying a single year while less of longitudinal studies; More focused on reading comprehension of modern reading, while thinking strategies trom the Angle of the theory to study was less.
The second part is divided into four chapters, the first chapter is mainly vertically outlines the history of proposition of modern Chinese reading in university entrance exam, and after the founding of preliminary examination for nearly 60 years of Chinese modern text reading papers can divide into four historical stage:reform beginning、exploring、deeping、implementing period, and overview of the various stages of education background and the characteristics of modern reading proposition. Throughout the development of modern Chinese reading proposition, it process from ignoring to attention periods. The development of questions gradually became maturity, as to chosen the content of modern chinese reading test materials, it experienced three stages:political comment—practicable expository—science article and cultural prose. On examination, which reflects the transformation from life system knowledge conception to ability of Chinese modern, the university entrance exam premised proposition reading was walking in the "humanistic" proposition path, highlighted to investigate the chinese ability and literacy. The second chapter macro analysis of the social cultural background since the integrity transformation about proposition development of new curriculum reform in the university entrance exam of chinese modern reading, strive to grasp its development of general skeleton. Expound the main theoretical basis(contains Chinese new course standard、teaching syllabus and the concent of knowledge in the new period) and the proposition principle about the university entrance exam of new curriculum reform of Chinese modern reading.
Chinese modern university entrance exam is analysed in the third chapter from the background of the new reform. It is stated from test materials, the content of text and the Angle of the types of questions proposition, design, such as referenced answer of literature text reading dimension. Text test materials is rich in cultural connotation and the spirit of The Times, displaying the value orientation of science and humanity. The design of examaniation and the answer to it mamtests humanity, the candidates being treated equally and respectiy. Chinese modern university entrance exam is evaluated objectively in the fourth chapter. BY means of reseaching reading literature of modern test in the college entrance examination,it embodies Chinese new course standard new concepts. It is beneficial for the university's selecting talented person.BUT it exists disadvantages,such as the choice of materials, inspection in the content, the types of questions concerning the design expression and the answer to the text.
The third part is discussed about the prospect of proposition tendency. The proposition status quo of Chinese education retorm is expounded in the Chinese modern reading of university entrance exam,predicting their development trend and its Simultaneously Outstanding "comprehensiveness","openess","diversity" "time" and "humanity". The significance of this research mainly manifests
two aspects:1. it enriches the theory on Chinese modern literature text reading questions of life system in the university entrance exam; 2. it guides the teaching of Chinese reading under the background of the new curriculum high effective development in practice.
本研究拟以2007——2010年全国各地的高考语文试卷的文学类文本阅读部分为主要的研究对象,采用文献、统计等研究方法,对高考语文现代文阅读试题的文学类文本试题的命制的依据及试题的本身进行了综合研究。
本论文总体上分为三大部分：第一部分为引言,简要概述了论文选题的缘起、研究的思路及其价值,以及对目前研究的现状进行了简单的梳理。从总体上看,近些年的针对新课程高考试卷的研究中,较多的是把高考语文作为一个整体研究,较少的将新课改高考语文现代文阅读试题作为一个单独研究；大多是对单年度的新课改高考语文试卷的研究,对近几年的新课改语文现代文阅读试题作纵向研究的较少；对现代文阅读解题思路策略研究的较多,从理论的角度来研究的较少。
第二部分共分为四章,第一章主要是从纵向概述了高考语文现代文阅读命题的历史,初步把建国后近60年的高考语文现代文阅读试卷的发展历程划分为初创期,改革探索期、改革深入期、深入实施期四个历史阶段,且概述了各阶段的教育背景以及现代文阅读命题的特点。纵观高考语文现代文阅读试题的发展历程,高考语文现代文阅读试题的发展是一个由忽视到重视的不断发展过程,试题的发展不断地走向成熟,就选文的内容,现代文试题的选材大致上经历了政论文——实用性说明文——科普文+文化性散文的三个阶段。考点命制上,体现了从知识立意向能力立意转化,突出了语文能力和语文素养的考查。第二章宏观分析新课程改革以来高考语文现代文阅读命题整体性转向的社会文化背景,力求把握其发展的脉络,重点阐述了新课改高考语文现代文阅读命题的主要理论依据(语文课程标准、教学大纲及新时期的知识观)。第三章从横向剖析新课改革背景下的高考语文现代文阅读试题,对其进行实体研究。本文重点是从文本测试的材料、考查的内容以及命题的角度、题型的设计、参考答案等维度对文学类文本阅读的试题进行较全方面的分析。试题文本测试的材料富有文化内涵和时代气息,凸显了科学人文的价值取向；在考察内容和命题角度上,加强了对鉴赏文学作品的形象、语言和表达技巧上的考查,突出了语文学科的特点；在试题的题型和参考答案上的设计上较以前更加富有人性化,体现了对考生作为平等主体的尊重和关怀。第四章是对高考语文现代文阅读试题的客观评价。通过对新课程背景下的高考现代文文学类文本阅读试题的研究,其命题较好的体现了语文课程标准新的理念,具有很好的导向性,也有利于高校选拔人才命题的指导思想。但发展的同时也存在其不足之处,命题还不够科学规范,认为存在的问题主要体现在材料的选择、考查的内容、题型的设计,题干的表述及答案的提供等四个方面。
第三部分是对现代文阅读命题趋势的展望。主要探讨的是在语文的新课程改革大背景下,通过对高考语文现代文阅读命题改革在语文教育中的现状研究,结合语文新课标的新理念,预测其发展的趋势：在命题维度上,突出语文新课程目标“整体性”；在命题形式上,将更加突出“综合性”和“开放性”；在命题的风格上,将会呈现“个性化”和“多元化”；在测试的取材上,将会更加突出“时代性”和“人文性”。
本论文研究的意义主要表现在两个方面：一是在理论上丰富了高考语文现代文文学类文本阅读试题命制的研究；二是在实践上指导了新课程背景下高中语文阅读教学的有效开展。
The university entrance exam is a strong characteristics of Chinese culture exam system, it is shouldering the people's too many expectations and too much praise. Now people's life are rapidly changed by science and technology, but the university entrance exam is still standing proudly at the education forefront. In order to give full play to the university entrance exam to education and social development in China, the positive function of the university entrance exam system is ceaselessly adjusted、developed and improved. With the promotion of high school courses, the assessment of reformation gradually became the focus, higher requirements is proposed to the Chinese university entrance exam. Now to explore the characteristics of university entrance exam language and research the scientific and effective proposition way of the Chinese university entrance exam became an urgent problem to be solved. While the modern reading exam is a main component of the university entrance examination questions, with its innovative ideas-. novel appearance, it caused eagerly social concern. For its deploying study can not only promote the scientific about the modern Chinese reading in college entrance examination test, can also help to promote new Chinese curriculum reformation and the effective unfolding about the modern Chinese reading in classroom teaching.
This research focuses on the 2007-2010 college entrance examination examination paper around the country of Chinese text reading literature for the main part research object, using literature and statistical methods to research the university entrance exam of Chinese modern reading in the literature text questions test system basis and the life of a comprehensive test itself.
This thesis generally divided into three parts:The first part is preface, briefly summarizes the origin of the topic, the thinking and its value, and also give a simple analyse to the present research. Generally speaking, the study about the new curriculum in the national college entrance examination was more as a whole study, only less as a single research; Most were studying a single year while less of longitudinal studies; More focused on reading comprehension of modern reading, while thinking strategies trom the Angle of the theory to study was less.
The second part is divided into four chapters, the first chapter is mainly vertically outlines the history of proposition of modern Chinese reading in university entrance exam, and after the founding of preliminary examination for nearly 60 years of Chinese modern text reading papers can divide into four historical stage:reform beginning、exploring、deeping、implementing period, and overview of the various stages of education background and the characteristics of modern reading proposition. Throughout the development of modern Chinese reading proposition, it process from ignoring to attention periods. The development of questions gradually became maturity, as to chosen the content of modern chinese reading test materials, it experienced three stages:political comment—practicable expository—science article and cultural prose. On examination, which reflects the transformation from life system knowledge conception to ability of Chinese modern, the university entrance exam premised proposition reading was walking in the "humanistic" proposition path, highlighted to investigate the chinese ability and literacy. The second chapter macro analysis of the social cultural background since the integrity transformation about proposition development of new curriculum reform in the university entrance exam of chinese modern reading, strive to grasp its development of general skeleton. Expound the main theoretical basis(contains Chinese new course standard、teaching syllabus and the concent of knowledge in the new period) and the proposition principle about the university entrance exam of new curriculum reform of Chinese modern reading.
Chinese modern university entrance exam is analysed in the third chapter from the background of the new reform. It is stated from test materials, the content of text and the Angle of the types of questions proposition, design, such as referenced answer of literature text reading dimension. Text test materials is rich in cultural connotation and the spirit of The Times, displaying the value orientation of science and humanity. The design of examaniation and the answer to it mamtests humanity, the candidates being treated equally and respectiy. Chinese modern university entrance exam is evaluated objectively in the fourth chapter. BY means of reseaching reading literature of modern test in the college entrance examination,it embodies Chinese new course standard new concepts. It is beneficial for the university's selecting talented person.BUT it exists disadvantages,such as the choice of materials, inspection in the content, the types of questions concerning the design expression and the answer to the text.
The third part is discussed about the prospect of proposition tendency. The proposition status quo of Chinese education retorm is expounded in the Chinese modern reading of university entrance exam,predicting their development trend and its Simultaneously Outstanding "comprehensiveness","openess","diversity" "time" and "humanity". The significance of this research mainly manifests
two aspects:1. it enriches the theory on Chinese modern literature text reading questions of life system in the university entrance exam; 2. it guides the teaching of Chinese reading under the background of the new curriculum high effective development in practice.
引文
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