复合射孔器射孔过程中的安全评定
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摘要
近几年,随着油田勘探开发的需要,一种新型的射孔技术-复合射孔技术得到了广泛的推广使用,这种射孔技术能有效地改造地层结构,增大地层裂缝,提高单井产量,投资少见效快,被作为原油上产的主要技术手段而获得广泛的应用。但是在射孔过程中,由于复合射孔器的结构不同于普通的有枪身射孔器,并且在压裂药的影响下,射孔器在点火射孔后,射孔枪容易出现脱裂或断枪,造成射孔枪卡在井内或者掉入井中,给试油工作造成影响,带来不必要的经济损失。因此,对复合射孔器在射孔过程中的受力情况进行分析和计算,进而进行安全评定,是目前要研究的重要课题。本文介绍了复合射孔技术及复合射孔器,通过结构分析,对射孔过程中的复合射孔器进行力学分析和强度计算,并运用爆炸力学理论与试验相结合的方法,对井筒内的压力形成规律进行研究,通过选择合适的安全评定方法,对复合射孔器进行安全评定。
其主要内容如下:
(1)介绍复合射孔技术及复合射孔器,并进行结构分析。
(2)通过复合射孔器的变形分析和强度分析,给出枪身强度校核公式和螺杆强度校核公式,改进螺纹牙强度计算方法,给出强度计算公式。
(3)对射孔时井筒内的压力形成规律进行研究,通过运用爆炸力学理论与试验相结合的方法,科学地分析井筒内压力形成规律。
(4)对各种安全评定模式进行分析和比较,选择适用性安全评定模式,通过分析复合射孔器安全射孔的影响因素和校核复合射孔器的强度,结合射孔实例对其进行安全评定。
Of late years,with the requirement of the oil field exploration and development,a new kindof perforation technique—complex-perforation technique is widely spreaded and used,Thetechnique can reform the structure of layer,enlarge the layer crack,improve the single wellyield,and require less investment and yield quick results,the technique is widely used as maintechnicial method to increase the production of crude oil.But in the perforating process,onaccount of the structure of complex-perforator is more different than the common one,and underthe influence of the crush-powder,the gun will be split and broken easily after the lighted chargeis shoot,which will cause that the gun is blocked and falled in the well,affect the oil experimentand bring unnecessary loss.So it is important for us to analyse and calculate the force conditionof the complex-perforation in perforating process and to evaluate its security.
This paper introduces the complex-perforation technique and complex-perforator throughanalysing the structure,dissolve movement force and calculate the static strength of thecomplex-perforator in the process,and through experiment combined togother with theorystudy,the law of pressure is researched.By the means of selecting suitable security evalution,the static strength of complex-perforator is evaluated.
The paper mainly includes the substances are as follows:
(1) Researching the complex-perforator structure.
(2) Analysing movement force and calculate the static strength of the complex-perforator inthe process,together with mechenics analyzing,the gun's streghth calculation formule isintroduced and the screw tooth streghth calculation method is improved.
(3) Researching the law of pressure in the well.Through experiment combined togotherwith theory study,the law of pressure is researched.
(4) Analysing and comparing all kinds of security evaluation methods,by the means ofselecting risk security evalution,the strength of complex-perforator is evaluated.
其主要内容如下:
(1)介绍复合射孔技术及复合射孔器,并进行结构分析。
(2)通过复合射孔器的变形分析和强度分析,给出枪身强度校核公式和螺杆强度校核公式,改进螺纹牙强度计算方法,给出强度计算公式。
(3)对射孔时井筒内的压力形成规律进行研究,通过运用爆炸力学理论与试验相结合的方法,科学地分析井筒内压力形成规律。
(4)对各种安全评定模式进行分析和比较,选择适用性安全评定模式,通过分析复合射孔器安全射孔的影响因素和校核复合射孔器的强度,结合射孔实例对其进行安全评定。
Of late years,with the requirement of the oil field exploration and development,a new kindof perforation technique—complex-perforation technique is widely spreaded and used,Thetechnique can reform the structure of layer,enlarge the layer crack,improve the single wellyield,and require less investment and yield quick results,the technique is widely used as maintechnicial method to increase the production of crude oil.But in the perforating process,onaccount of the structure of complex-perforator is more different than the common one,and underthe influence of the crush-powder,the gun will be split and broken easily after the lighted chargeis shoot,which will cause that the gun is blocked and falled in the well,affect the oil experimentand bring unnecessary loss.So it is important for us to analyse and calculate the force conditionof the complex-perforation in perforating process and to evaluate its security.
This paper introduces the complex-perforation technique and complex-perforator throughanalysing the structure,dissolve movement force and calculate the static strength of thecomplex-perforator in the process,and through experiment combined togother with theorystudy,the law of pressure is researched.By the means of selecting suitable security evalution,the static strength of complex-perforator is evaluated.
The paper mainly includes the substances are as follows:
(1) Researching the complex-perforator structure.
(2) Analysing movement force and calculate the static strength of the complex-perforator inthe process,together with mechenics analyzing,the gun's streghth calculation formule isintroduced and the screw tooth streghth calculation method is improved.
(3) Researching the law of pressure in the well.Through experiment combined togotherwith theory study,the law of pressure is researched.
(4) Analysing and comparing all kinds of security evaluation methods,by the means ofselecting risk security evalution,the strength of complex-perforator is evaluated.
引文
[1] 刘玉芝.油气井射孔井壁取芯技术手册.第一版.北京:石油工业出版社,2000,25~38
[2] 惠宁利,王秀芝.石油工业用爆破技术.第一版.北京:石油工业出版社,1994,29~34
[3] 田和金.油气田开发深穿透复合射孔技术.西安石油学院高能气体压裂技术中心,1998,4~6
[4] 射孔完井工艺技术讲义(内部资料).大庆石油管理局射孔弹厂,2004,1~6
[5] 汪长栓等.射孔-压裂复合技术综述.测井与射孔,2004,7(3):81~84
[6] 王艳萍.增效射孔器研究.[硕士学位论文].南京理工大学,2003,29~32
[7] 李克向.实用完井工程.第二版.北京:石油工业出版社,2002
[8] 金泽渊,詹彩琴.火炸药与装药概论.第一版.北京:兵器工业出版社,1988,33~36
[9] 孙业斌等.爆炸作用及装药设计.第一版.北京:国防工业出版社,1990,21~24
[10] 爆炸及其作用.北京工业学院.第一版.北京:国际工业出版社,1989,52~56
[11] 射孔弹设计原理.西南流体物理研究所.第一版.北京:国防工业出版社,1980,68~71
[12] 破甲文集.中国兵工学会.第一版.北京:国防工业出版社,1985,43~45
[13] 爆炸物理.国防科技大学.第一版.北京:国防工业出版社,1983,97~102
[14] W.T.贝尔等著,傅阳朝等译.射孔.第一版.北京:石油工业出版社,1999,1~4
[15] 杨永刚.油气井高能复合射孔增产技术研究.[硕士学位论文].西安理工大学,2003,26~29
[16] Pengo Co..“Pengo industries,incorporated table of contents”,1981,12~15
[17] Ensign-Bickford Co..Specialty products and tehnical bullets,1985,8~10
[18] Schlumberger.“Tubing convered perforating”,2004,58~60
[19] GEO.VANN.”Engineered well completion”,2004,37~39
[20] Jim Gilliat.A Review of Performance of New Propellant/perforating Technologies,SPE 56469 1999,3~4
[21] Thomas Szendrei.Analytical Model of Crater Formation by Jet Impact and Its Application to Acculation of Enetration Curves and Olerofiles.7th Inter ymp.Ballistics,1983,2~4
[22] Lampson ML.Jet Formation from Collapsing Conical Shells.10th Int Symp on Ballistics,1989,39~40
[23] Friankel I.weights Influence of Viscosity on the Capillary Instability of a Stretching Jet.J Fluid Mech,1987,26~27
[24] Curtis JP.Axisymmetric Instablity Model for Shaped Charge Jet.J Appl Phys.1987,67~69
[25] 阎永宏等.新型系列射孔枪简介.中国石油学会测井专业委员会射孔分会论文选集,2001,33~35
[26] H.T.格里戈良著.李继康等译.用射孔枪打开油气层.第一版:北京:石油工业出版社,1991,49~51
[27] 刘鸿文.材料力学.第四版.北京:高等教育出版社,2004
[28] 赵九江等.材料力学.第一版.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1992
[29] 刘玉萍.射孔枪上螺纹强度的计算方法.中国石油学会测井专业委员会射孔分会第三届年会论文选集,2002,44~47
[30] 濮良贵.机械设计.第五版.北京:高等教育出版社,1994,106~117
[31] 冯守卫.关于螺纹螺纹牙强度计算公式的改进.西安公路学院院报.1998(4),38~40
[32] 张浩波.爆破器材及其安全技术.第一版.北京:国防工业出版社,1992,103~105
[33] 谢盘海.爆炸力学基础(内部资料).中物院流体力学研究所,1991,44~53
[34] 美军装备司令部著,陈福梅译.弹药爆炸系列的原理与设计.第一版.北京:国防工业出版社,1978,17~18
[35] 李希忱.油气田射孔器材检测技术简介.爆破器材,1998(5),23~25
[36] 郑孟菊等.炸药的性能及测试技术.第一版.北京:兵器工业出版社,1990,19~21
[37] 北京工业学院八系.爆炸及其作用.第一版.北京:国防工业出版社,1989
[38] 黄人骏等.火药设计基础.第一版.北京:北京理工大学出版社,1997
[39] B.H.库图佐夫主编,朱瑞庚等译.工业爆破安全.第一版.北京:冶金工业出版社,1987,28~30
[40] 史国贤.几种新型增效射孔.中国石油学会测井专业委员会射孔分会论文选集,2001,157~161
[41] 刘攀学等.复合射孔在英台油田应用效果评价.中国石油学会测井专业委员会射孔分会第三届年会论文选集,2002,72~79
[42] 蔡山等.P-T 仪在复合射孔技术中的应用.中国石油学会测井专业委员会射孔分会第三届年会论文选集,2002,9~16
[43] 王志信等.双复射孔器.中国石油学会测井专业委员会射孔分会第三届年会论文选集,2002,16~22
[44] 王文红等.内盲孔射孔器的开发研制及应用.测井与射孔,2004,7(1):73~77
[45] 党宁发等.高能复合射孔枪优化设计报告—动态断裂扩展半解析分析系统.西安理工大学,2000(11),7~9
[46] 肖爱民.安全系统工程学.第一版.北京:中国劳动出版社,2001,147~162
[47] 姜延丰.射孔施工中射孔枪爆裂(断)技术论谈.中国石油学会测井专业委员会射孔分会首届年会论文选集,1998,42~48
[48] 一种全新的防砂技术.石油知识,1999,8(3),57~58
[49] 高能复合射孔(HEPF)—21 世纪射孔的重大变革.西安通源石油科技股份有限公司,2001(7),3~6
[50] Jim Gilliat.Phillip M.S.and Robert H.A.review of field performance of new propellant/perforating technologies.Paper SPE 56469.Presented at the 1999 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition held in Houston.Texas,2003(11),239~246
[51] hatz J.F.,Haney B.L.and Ager S.A.,High-speed down hole memory record and software used to design and confirm perforating/propellant behavior and formation fracturing.Paper SPE 56434.Presented at the 1999 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition held in Houston.Texas,1999(11),284~299
[52] 王艳萍.复合射孔技术新思路—二次增效射孔.石油知识,2005(1),61~63
[53] 防砂射孔器研制.大庆石油管理局射孔弹厂(内部资料).2005,21~25
[54] 机械设计手册.机械工业出版社.北京:1990
[55] 王树申.复合射孔技术在肇 53-平 37 水平井上的应用.中国石油学会测井专业委员会射孔分会第三届年会论文选集,2002,53~55
[2] 惠宁利,王秀芝.石油工业用爆破技术.第一版.北京:石油工业出版社,1994,29~34
[3] 田和金.油气田开发深穿透复合射孔技术.西安石油学院高能气体压裂技术中心,1998,4~6
[4] 射孔完井工艺技术讲义(内部资料).大庆石油管理局射孔弹厂,2004,1~6
[5] 汪长栓等.射孔-压裂复合技术综述.测井与射孔,2004,7(3):81~84
[6] 王艳萍.增效射孔器研究.[硕士学位论文].南京理工大学,2003,29~32
[7] 李克向.实用完井工程.第二版.北京:石油工业出版社,2002
[8] 金泽渊,詹彩琴.火炸药与装药概论.第一版.北京:兵器工业出版社,1988,33~36
[9] 孙业斌等.爆炸作用及装药设计.第一版.北京:国防工业出版社,1990,21~24
[10] 爆炸及其作用.北京工业学院.第一版.北京:国际工业出版社,1989,52~56
[11] 射孔弹设计原理.西南流体物理研究所.第一版.北京:国防工业出版社,1980,68~71
[12] 破甲文集.中国兵工学会.第一版.北京:国防工业出版社,1985,43~45
[13] 爆炸物理.国防科技大学.第一版.北京:国防工业出版社,1983,97~102
[14] W.T.贝尔等著,傅阳朝等译.射孔.第一版.北京:石油工业出版社,1999,1~4
[15] 杨永刚.油气井高能复合射孔增产技术研究.[硕士学位论文].西安理工大学,2003,26~29
[16] Pengo Co..“Pengo industries,incorporated table of contents”,1981,12~15
[17] Ensign-Bickford Co..Specialty products and tehnical bullets,1985,8~10
[18] Schlumberger.“Tubing convered perforating”,2004,58~60
[19] GEO.VANN.”Engineered well completion”,2004,37~39
[20] Jim Gilliat.A Review of Performance of New Propellant/perforating Technologies,SPE 56469 1999,3~4
[21] Thomas Szendrei.Analytical Model of Crater Formation by Jet Impact and Its Application to Acculation of Enetration Curves and Olerofiles.7th Inter ymp.Ballistics,1983,2~4
[22] Lampson ML.Jet Formation from Collapsing Conical Shells.10th Int Symp on Ballistics,1989,39~40
[23] Friankel I.weights Influence of Viscosity on the Capillary Instability of a Stretching Jet.J Fluid Mech,1987,26~27
[24] Curtis JP.Axisymmetric Instablity Model for Shaped Charge Jet.J Appl Phys.1987,67~69
[25] 阎永宏等.新型系列射孔枪简介.中国石油学会测井专业委员会射孔分会论文选集,2001,33~35
[26] H.T.格里戈良著.李继康等译.用射孔枪打开油气层.第一版:北京:石油工业出版社,1991,49~51
[27] 刘鸿文.材料力学.第四版.北京:高等教育出版社,2004
[28] 赵九江等.材料力学.第一版.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1992
[29] 刘玉萍.射孔枪上螺纹强度的计算方法.中国石油学会测井专业委员会射孔分会第三届年会论文选集,2002,44~47
[30] 濮良贵.机械设计.第五版.北京:高等教育出版社,1994,106~117
[31] 冯守卫.关于螺纹螺纹牙强度计算公式的改进.西安公路学院院报.1998(4),38~40
[32] 张浩波.爆破器材及其安全技术.第一版.北京:国防工业出版社,1992,103~105
[33] 谢盘海.爆炸力学基础(内部资料).中物院流体力学研究所,1991,44~53
[34] 美军装备司令部著,陈福梅译.弹药爆炸系列的原理与设计.第一版.北京:国防工业出版社,1978,17~18
[35] 李希忱.油气田射孔器材检测技术简介.爆破器材,1998(5),23~25
[36] 郑孟菊等.炸药的性能及测试技术.第一版.北京:兵器工业出版社,1990,19~21
[37] 北京工业学院八系.爆炸及其作用.第一版.北京:国防工业出版社,1989
[38] 黄人骏等.火药设计基础.第一版.北京:北京理工大学出版社,1997
[39] B.H.库图佐夫主编,朱瑞庚等译.工业爆破安全.第一版.北京:冶金工业出版社,1987,28~30
[40] 史国贤.几种新型增效射孔.中国石油学会测井专业委员会射孔分会论文选集,2001,157~161
[41] 刘攀学等.复合射孔在英台油田应用效果评价.中国石油学会测井专业委员会射孔分会第三届年会论文选集,2002,72~79
[42] 蔡山等.P-T 仪在复合射孔技术中的应用.中国石油学会测井专业委员会射孔分会第三届年会论文选集,2002,9~16
[43] 王志信等.双复射孔器.中国石油学会测井专业委员会射孔分会第三届年会论文选集,2002,16~22
[44] 王文红等.内盲孔射孔器的开发研制及应用.测井与射孔,2004,7(1):73~77
[45] 党宁发等.高能复合射孔枪优化设计报告—动态断裂扩展半解析分析系统.西安理工大学,2000(11),7~9
[46] 肖爱民.安全系统工程学.第一版.北京:中国劳动出版社,2001,147~162
[47] 姜延丰.射孔施工中射孔枪爆裂(断)技术论谈.中国石油学会测井专业委员会射孔分会首届年会论文选集,1998,42~48
[48] 一种全新的防砂技术.石油知识,1999,8(3),57~58
[49] 高能复合射孔(HEPF)—21 世纪射孔的重大变革.西安通源石油科技股份有限公司,2001(7),3~6
[50] Jim Gilliat.Phillip M.S.and Robert H.A.review of field performance of new propellant/perforating technologies.Paper SPE 56469.Presented at the 1999 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition held in Houston.Texas,2003(11),239~246
[51] hatz J.F.,Haney B.L.and Ager S.A.,High-speed down hole memory record and software used to design and confirm perforating/propellant behavior and formation fracturing.Paper SPE 56434.Presented at the 1999 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition held in Houston.Texas,1999(11),284~299
[52] 王艳萍.复合射孔技术新思路—二次增效射孔.石油知识,2005(1),61~63
[53] 防砂射孔器研制.大庆石油管理局射孔弹厂(内部资料).2005,21~25
[54] 机械设计手册.机械工业出版社.北京:1990
[55] 王树申.复合射孔技术在肇 53-平 37 水平井上的应用.中国石油学会测井专业委员会射孔分会第三届年会论文选集,2002,53~55