注水井射孔完井优化方法研究
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摘要
射孔是完井工艺最后的一个环节,因此注水井射孔完井的优劣对其吸水能力的影响就显得十分重要。要确定吸水能力就必须考虑影响水井井眼附近流动的因素。对油藏而言,这些因素包括孔眼的大小、深度、射孔密度、相位、射孔和钻井带来的污染等等。由于孔眼布局的几何空间的复杂性,使砂岩油藏射孔完井吸水能力的确定比常规裸眼井的吸水能力确定要复杂得多。
本文通过开展水井射孔完井优化方法的研究,用有限元方法进行数值模拟来获得射孔参数对吸水能力影响关系的认识,分析各项射孔参数对吸水能力的敏感性,预测不同射孔条件下水井的吸水能力。为了避免射孔造成对产层的严重伤害,有效提高射孔井产能,准确确定获得无伤害所需的射孔负压是进行射孔完井优化设计的重要内容。负压值过小,达不到清洁孔眼、保护油层的目的;过大可能造成地层出砂、垮塌、套管挤毁或封隔器失效和其它方面的问题,为此利用有限元模型、流体非达西渗流规律建立了预测确保孔眼清洁最小负压的新方法;以及射孔后孔眼的岩石应力应变模型以求解保证孔眼稳定防止地层出砂的最大负压新方法。
运用此项研究得出的一套注水井射孔完井参数预测的理论方法,为提高差油层的吸水能力、减轻油层超破压注水提供了新思路。通过优选射孔参数,实施优化射孔,调整产液剖面,对提高薄差油层的动用程度、减缓注水压力过大,有一定的作用。优化方法既可以应用于初始完井阶段,进行射孔参数的优化设计;也可以在针对现有注水井评价的基础上进行射孔参数的调整,通过合理设计补孔参数达到提高注水井吸水能力的目的,有效指导油田水井的合理开发,提高注水井射孔完井的科学性和准确性。
Perforation is the last step of well completion, so injection well perforation completion has great influence on water absorbing capability. Factors that affect water flow in near wellbore zone include perforation size, depth, density, phase and pollution that caused by drilling and perforation, etc. Due to the complicacy of perforation layout, water absorbing capability of sandstone reservoir completed by perforation is much more complicated than that of conventional open hole wells.
Perforation completion optimization for injection well is to apply Finite Element Method to conduct numerical simulation to determine the effect of perforation parameters on water absorbing capability, and analyze the response of water absorbing capability to each parameter, and then predict the injection wells’water absorbing capability under various perforation condition. In order to avoid the serious damage of perforation on formation and improve the productivity, the determination of perforation negative pressure is the key point of perforation optimization design. Over low negative pressure may affect perforation cleaning and formation protection, and over high negative pressure may cause sand out, formation collapse, casing damage or package failure, etc. So new method that using Finite Element Method and non-Darcy flow law is researched to determine minimum negative pressure that can ensure clean perforation, and perforated rock stress-strain model is established to get maximum negative pressure that can keep perforation stable and prevent sand out.
This injection well perforation parameter prediction theoretical method provides a new way to improve poor formation’s water absorbing capability and mitigate over fracture pressure injection. Optimized perforation can increase laminated reservoir’s productivity and reduce injection pressure. It not only can be applied in initial completion stage to optimize parameters, but also can help to adjust parameters for existing injection wells to
本文通过开展水井射孔完井优化方法的研究,用有限元方法进行数值模拟来获得射孔参数对吸水能力影响关系的认识,分析各项射孔参数对吸水能力的敏感性,预测不同射孔条件下水井的吸水能力。为了避免射孔造成对产层的严重伤害,有效提高射孔井产能,准确确定获得无伤害所需的射孔负压是进行射孔完井优化设计的重要内容。负压值过小,达不到清洁孔眼、保护油层的目的;过大可能造成地层出砂、垮塌、套管挤毁或封隔器失效和其它方面的问题,为此利用有限元模型、流体非达西渗流规律建立了预测确保孔眼清洁最小负压的新方法;以及射孔后孔眼的岩石应力应变模型以求解保证孔眼稳定防止地层出砂的最大负压新方法。
运用此项研究得出的一套注水井射孔完井参数预测的理论方法,为提高差油层的吸水能力、减轻油层超破压注水提供了新思路。通过优选射孔参数,实施优化射孔,调整产液剖面,对提高薄差油层的动用程度、减缓注水压力过大,有一定的作用。优化方法既可以应用于初始完井阶段,进行射孔参数的优化设计;也可以在针对现有注水井评价的基础上进行射孔参数的调整,通过合理设计补孔参数达到提高注水井吸水能力的目的,有效指导油田水井的合理开发,提高注水井射孔完井的科学性和准确性。
Perforation is the last step of well completion, so injection well perforation completion has great influence on water absorbing capability. Factors that affect water flow in near wellbore zone include perforation size, depth, density, phase and pollution that caused by drilling and perforation, etc. Due to the complicacy of perforation layout, water absorbing capability of sandstone reservoir completed by perforation is much more complicated than that of conventional open hole wells.
Perforation completion optimization for injection well is to apply Finite Element Method to conduct numerical simulation to determine the effect of perforation parameters on water absorbing capability, and analyze the response of water absorbing capability to each parameter, and then predict the injection wells’water absorbing capability under various perforation condition. In order to avoid the serious damage of perforation on formation and improve the productivity, the determination of perforation negative pressure is the key point of perforation optimization design. Over low negative pressure may affect perforation cleaning and formation protection, and over high negative pressure may cause sand out, formation collapse, casing damage or package failure, etc. So new method that using Finite Element Method and non-Darcy flow law is researched to determine minimum negative pressure that can ensure clean perforation, and perforated rock stress-strain model is established to get maximum negative pressure that can keep perforation stable and prevent sand out.
This injection well perforation parameter prediction theoretical method provides a new way to improve poor formation’s water absorbing capability and mitigate over fracture pressure injection. Optimized perforation can increase laminated reservoir’s productivity and reduce injection pressure. It not only can be applied in initial completion stage to optimize parameters, but also can help to adjust parameters for existing injection wells to
引文
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[2] 李开泰, 黄艾香, 黄庆怀. 有限元方法及其应用[M]. 西安交通大学出版社, 1984.107～218
[3] 汪伟英.确定钻井液侵入油层伤害数值模拟计算方法.钻井液与完井液,2002,19(5):10～12
[4] 唐愉拉,潘迎德.有限元方法在射孔完井中的应用.石油学报,1989,10(3),48～57
[5] 孔长城.电缆射孔磁性定位的改进.油气井测井,2002,11(2):51～52
[6] 李东传.射孔压实带研究.测井与射孔,2001,(4):79～82
[7] 张绍槐, 罗平亚.保护储集层技术. 石油工业出版社,1993
[8] 李克向.保护油气层钻井完井技术.北京:石油工业出版社,1993.30～36
[9] 李克向著.保护油气层概念与技术.石油钻采工艺,2000,22(5):1～32
[10] 齐丽蓉著.射孔完井中的油气层保护技术.石油钻探技术,2001,46(6):49～50
[11] 潘永新.大庆油田射孔弹技术及其在勘探开发中的应用.石油学会优秀论文集.石油工业出版社,2000.309～316
[12] 发展试油射孔技术,为油田可持续发展做贡献.2002 年试油试采公司技术座谈会材料,2002.36～49
[13] 袁吉诚.中国射孔技术现状与发展.测井技术,2002,26(5):421～425
[14] 周生田.射孔水平井孔眼分布优化研究.石油大学学报,2002,26(3):52～54
[15] 王德新.完井与井下作业.东营:石油大学出版社,1999.124～125
[16] Li Haitao, “A Comprehensive Study on Strategy to Improve the Operation and Management of Well Injection System”, SPE53987
[17] Petter,E., Tom,S., Settari, A., “Waterflood-Induced Fracturing: Water Injection Above Parting Pressure at Valhall”, SPE 24912
[18] Velzen J.F.G., Leerlooijer K., “Impairment of a Water Injection Well by Suspended Solids: Testing and Prediction”, SPE 23822
[19] Zhang I.S., Somerville J.M., and Todd A.C., “An Experimental Injection of the Formation Damage Caused by Produced Oily Water Injection”, SPE 26702
[20] Barkman, J.E. and Davidson, D.E., “Measuring Water Quality and Predicting WellImpairment”, J.P.T., July 1972,865-73
[21] Klotz, J. A., Krueger, R. F., Pye, D. S.:“ Effect of Perforation Damage on Well Productivity,” J. Pet. Tech.. (Nov. 1974), 1303-1314
[22] Tariq, S.M.:“ Evaluation of Flow Characteristics of Perforation Including Nonlinear Effects Using Finite-Element Method,” Paper SPE 12781 presented at the 1984 California Regional Meeting, Long Beach, CA, April 11-13
[23] Ohen H.A., Civan F., “Predicting Skin Effects Due to Formation Damage”, SPE21675
[24] Rickford R.L., Finney T.P., “Formation Damage From Fine Particulate Invasion: An Example From the Lost Soldier Tensleep Formation”, SPE 18886
[25] Vitthal S., Sharma M.M., “A One-Dimensional Formation Damage Stimulator for Damage Duo to Fines Migration”, SPE 17146
[26] Eleri O.O., Ursin J.R., “Physical Aspects of Formation Damage in Linear Flooding Experiments”, SPE 23784
[27] Ershaghi I., Hashemi R., Caothien S.C., Abdassah D., “Injectivity Losses Under Particle Cake Buildup and Particle Invasion”, SPE 15073
[28] Xinghui L.,Civan F., “A Multiphase Mud Fluid Infiltration and Filter Cake Formation Model”, SPE 25215
[29] 万仁溥.现代完井工程.1 版.北京:石油工业出版社,1996.35～41
[30] 万仁溥.现代完井工程.2 版.北京:石油工业出版社,2000.23～30
[31] 数据处理与回归分析. 中国科学院数学研究所,1983
[32] 杨贤友.低渗透、特低渗透储层的潜在损害问题及对策.低渗透油田钻井、完井及测试技术论文集,石油工业出版社,1999,144～149
[33] 李海涛, 王永清. 裂缝性油藏射孔完井产能规律的有限元研究[J], 石油学报, 2001,9
[34] 沈宗约.大庆油田钻井过程油气层保护研究与应用.大庆油田发现 40 年论文集,石油工业出版社,1999,301～308
[35] 钱殿存.保护油气层完井液应用技术研究.钻采工艺,2001,24(2):50～52
[36] 顾军.保护油气层水泥浆的研究与实践.石油钻采工艺,2002,22(6):7～10
[37] 范容增.保护储层射孔液技术在吉格森、哈南、阿南油田的应用.钻井液与完井液,2001,18(5):36～39
[38] 大港油田集团钻采工艺研究院编.国内外钻井与采油工程新技术.北京:中国石化出版社,2002 年.97～99
[39] A.M.Ezzat.完井液的设计准则和现有技术的不足,国外完井作业中油层保护资料,P0319～0330
[40] 刘方玉.射孔监督培训班教材.大庆油田有限责任公司开发部,2002 年
[41] 正交试验设计方法. 华东师范大学出版社,1983
[42] 廖洪中.多级投棒点火油管传输射孔技术.国外测井技术,2002,17(3)
[43] 张文正.TCP 射孔工艺技术的改进与拓展.油气井测试,2001,10(6)
[44] 姜伟著.渤海 QK17-2 大位移水平井 TCP 射孔技术实践.天然气工业,2002,22(5):49～52
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