卟啉/聚芳醚酮光限幅材料的设计和研究
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摘要
随着激光器的诞生，人们获得了具有强度高、相干性好的光源，对于新出现的非线性光学现象，人们发展了相关的理论对其进行了解释。激光武器的出现引起了各国的广泛关注，对于低能激光武器进行防护以保护己方光敏元件和人眼免受影响得到了大家的重视。获得具有优异的热稳定性、机械性能并且具有光限幅能力的光限幅材料，成为了大家广泛关注的热点。
聚芳醚酮以优异的热稳定性、化学稳定性、高温下良好的机械性能和优良的耐辐射性等著称。近些年来，将聚芳醚酮功能化的研究成为一个热点，其中最有效的方法就是将具有特殊功能的组分以物理或化学的方法分散在聚芳醚酮的基体中。为了得到综合性能优异的功能性聚芳醚酮，需要对引入的组分进行遴选，主要原则是具备和聚芳醚酮相匹配的性能，如热稳定性、化学稳定性等。
卟啉类分子是一类重要的功能性材料，广泛地存在于自然界中，在动植物的生命过程中发挥着特别重要的作用，并且已经在诸多方面得到应用，如模拟光合作用的反应中心或光捕获天线系统、制备分子器件、磁性材料、光限幅材料、高效催化剂、抗肿瘤药物等。大多数卟啉类分子在溶剂中的溶解性偏低，且在高浓度存在聚集现象，使卟啉在应用的过程中受到了限制。将卟啉分子修饰后引入到聚芳醚酮体系中，既改善了它的溶解性，在一定程度上避免了聚集现象的发生，同时，又赋予了聚芳醚酮一些特殊的功能，实现了聚芳醚酮的功能化；另外，卟啉分子的热稳定性和化学稳定性均达到了较高级别，与聚芳醚酮相匹配，在实现聚芳醚酮功能化的同时，不降低其综合性能。
近年来，利用卟啉类分子的反饱和吸收效应制备光限幅材料成为人们研究的热点。其最基本的要求就是在保持材料的基本性能的前提下，尽量的增加基体中卟啉的含量，同时解决卟啉在聚合物基体中的分散问题。为了使材料便于加工，可以将卟啉以共混或是接枝的方式引入聚合物体系中。采用溶液共混方法时，往往使得卟啉在聚合物基体中分散不好，并且由于卟啉具有大的共轭结构，分子间的π-π共轭作用较强，当在溶液中达到一定浓度时，容易发生聚集现象，影响材料的光限幅效果，并且使材料的机械性能下降；利用共价键将卟啉连接在聚合物的骨架上，得到卟啉封端和卟啉交联的聚合物，在保留材料热稳定性和力学性能的同时，具备光限幅能力，提高卟啉在聚合物中的含量，可以提高其光限幅能力。基于这种思想，本论文合成了一系列卟啉单体（四苯基卟啉、四羟基苯基卟啉、邻位双羟基卟啉）引入聚芳醚酮基体，在保留聚芳醚酮优异的热稳定性和化学稳定性的前提下，赋予材料光限幅性能。将卟啉引入超支化聚芳醚酮体系，改善了卟啉的分散情况，使聚合物的光限幅能力得到提升；将邻位双羟基卟啉以共价键的方式引入到聚芳醚酮的主链上，使聚合物的热稳定性和力学性能得到了加强，增加了聚合物中的卟啉含量，并且邻位双羟基卟啉的独特分子结构使其在聚合物中得到良好的分散，避免了卟啉分子间聚集现象的发生，得到具有较强光限幅能力的聚芳醚酮。
With modern laser technology appearing, the light source of the high intensity andexcellent coherent property was obtained. For a growing need in nonlinear optical(NLO) materials, the relative theory to explain the nonlinear optical phenomenon wasdeveloping rapidly. The laser weapons coming into the world have drawn thewide-ranging attention all over the world, especially for passive-mode optical limiting(OL) applications to protect optically sensitive devices and human eyes from laserdamage in both civilian and military applications. Optical limiters as a special kind ofmaterials, which reduce the intensity of hostile lasers by its instantaneous filteringaction, meanwhile possed the high thermal stability and outstanding mechanicalproperties were devoted the deep research.
Poly (aryl ether ketone)s (PAEKs), due to its excellent mechanical properties,thermal stability, electrical and chemical resistance properties, were made a candidatefor advanced materials. Recently, the functioning of PAEKs was the focus research inthe field, in which the most effective method was introducing the groups with thespecial functions into the PAEKs matrix by physics or chemical ways. In order toretain the excellent properties of the materials, the choice of the functioning groupsintroduced into PAEKs shown greatly significant, which in the main principle need tomatch the excellent properties of PAEKs, such as the thermal stability, chemicalstability and so on.
Porphyrins, as one of the most promising candidates existing in the nature, hadbeen widely studied and applied, which acted on the life of animals and plantsimportantly, and was used as the reaction centre of simulating photosynthesis, orantenna system to capture light, synthesizing the molecular device, magnetic material, optical limiters, highly active catalytic agent, and antineoplastic drug, ect. Mostporphyrin materials possed weak solubility in the organic solvent, existing theunfavorable aggregation in the highly dense system, which limited the application ofporphyrin. In recent years, great efforts were made in utilizing porphyrin to developthe efficient OL materials, which could have a large ratio of the excited-state toground-state absorption cross sections (κ=σex/σ0). In order to be convenient formaterial processing, the most effective improving was introducing porphyrin into thePAEKs matrix by blending or branching, which need to meet the demand of retainingthe excellent properties of the materials, in case that increasing the content ofporphyrin as more as possible, we need to solve its dispersion problems in polymermatrix.One of the current challenges was probably the difficulty of handling thematerials in liquid form. The incorporation of porphyrin units into the framework ofthe hyperbranched PAEKs (HPAEKs) could not only help to solve the dissolutionprocessing problems, a necessary condition for avoiding aggregation, but alsoendowed resultant polymers with novel properties. Retained the excellent propertiesof the materials, particularly in thermal stability, preparation of the required NLOactive materials for practical optical limiters was the focus research in the field.
First of all, we had synthesized tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP). Made TPP and6FPAEK solution blended, cast films. And a series of characterization of thecomposite films were carried out. TPP had nonlinear optical properties, at the sametime the thermal stability of TPP and6FPAEK were matched. As a result, thecomposite films had nonlinear optical properties and good thermal stability. Themechanical properties of the composites films were decreased by the instruction ofTPP. It is mainly due to the aggregation phenomenon occurred, when TPP reached acertain concentration in the solution, simple solution blending did not make the TPPwell dispersed in the polymer, so that the mechanical properties of the compositefilms declined. It was an effective way to obtain the optical limiting materials byblending filler materials with optical limiting property and polymer. But, this couldnot be done by no loss of performance, this problem could be solved by uniformlydispersing fillers in the polymer matrix.
Further more, in order to obtain Porphyrin/PAEKs optical limiting materials withgood performance, we prepared two series of PAEKs oligomers, with4-hydroxyphenyl porphyrin (THPP) linked in PAEKs segment. The obtained polymerhad good solubility, excellent thermal stability and the enhanced mechanicalproperties. Made oligomers of PAEKs capped or crosslinked by THPP could producesignificant enhancement of the mechanical properties of the composite material, inparticular the crosslinked ones, a substantial increase in mechanical properties of thematerial; The non-linear optical properties and optical limiting properity of thepolymers were given by introduction of THPP, made PAEKs to achieve abreakthrough in optical limiting field; χ(3)and optical limiting capacity of thepolymers increased with porphyrin content; Polymer backbone containing electrondonating groups can strengthen its nonlinear performance; in6FPAEK series polymer,thermal stability and mechanical properties were stronger than that of BPAPAEKseries polymer, and the gap between their nonlinear optical performance was quitsmall,6FPAEK series polymer was more suitable for application as a high damagethreshold of optical limiting materials.
In order to get better dispersion of porphyrin molecules in PAEKs matrix, weprepared a series of Porphyrin-containing hyperbranched poly (aryl ether ketone)s andits metal derivatives. The polymer obtained had good solubility and excellent thermalstability; Z-scan and optical limiting test results shown that the non-linear opticalproperties and optical limiting properity of the polymers were given by introductionof THPP; χ(3)and optical limiting capacity of the polymers increased with porphyrincontent; The hyperbranched structure made porphyrin optical limiting ability to bemore efficient, in the adverse conditions that the porphyrin content was less than thatof porphyrin capped PAEKs, χ(3)and optical limiting ability exhibited much better;The hyperbranched structure allowed better dispersion of the porphyrin molecule in athree-dimensional network structure of the polymer, to reduce the occurrence of theaggregation phenomenon. When the porphyrin content in polymer was similar, thehyperbranched polymer had stronger optical limiting capability.
In order to improve Porphyrin content in PAEKs, make Porphyrin get optimized distribution in PAEKs. We synthesized5,10-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl)-15,20-diphenylporphyrin (Cis-DHDPP) and got a series of PAEKs contained Porphyrin. The obtainedpolymers had good solubility, excellent thermal stability, good mechanical properties,χ(3)value reached10-12esu (0.5mg mL-1), with certain optical limiting property; ThePorphyrin content in PAEKs was highly improved, at the same time, Cis-DHDPP hada unique molecular structure type, made Cis-DHDPP disorganized dispersed inPAEKs segment, avoided the occurrence of aggregation and improved the opticallimiting ability of the material.
聚芳醚酮以优异的热稳定性、化学稳定性、高温下良好的机械性能和优良的耐辐射性等著称。近些年来，将聚芳醚酮功能化的研究成为一个热点，其中最有效的方法就是将具有特殊功能的组分以物理或化学的方法分散在聚芳醚酮的基体中。为了得到综合性能优异的功能性聚芳醚酮，需要对引入的组分进行遴选，主要原则是具备和聚芳醚酮相匹配的性能，如热稳定性、化学稳定性等。
卟啉类分子是一类重要的功能性材料，广泛地存在于自然界中，在动植物的生命过程中发挥着特别重要的作用，并且已经在诸多方面得到应用，如模拟光合作用的反应中心或光捕获天线系统、制备分子器件、磁性材料、光限幅材料、高效催化剂、抗肿瘤药物等。大多数卟啉类分子在溶剂中的溶解性偏低，且在高浓度存在聚集现象，使卟啉在应用的过程中受到了限制。将卟啉分子修饰后引入到聚芳醚酮体系中，既改善了它的溶解性，在一定程度上避免了聚集现象的发生，同时，又赋予了聚芳醚酮一些特殊的功能，实现了聚芳醚酮的功能化；另外，卟啉分子的热稳定性和化学稳定性均达到了较高级别，与聚芳醚酮相匹配，在实现聚芳醚酮功能化的同时，不降低其综合性能。
近年来，利用卟啉类分子的反饱和吸收效应制备光限幅材料成为人们研究的热点。其最基本的要求就是在保持材料的基本性能的前提下，尽量的增加基体中卟啉的含量，同时解决卟啉在聚合物基体中的分散问题。为了使材料便于加工，可以将卟啉以共混或是接枝的方式引入聚合物体系中。采用溶液共混方法时，往往使得卟啉在聚合物基体中分散不好，并且由于卟啉具有大的共轭结构，分子间的π-π共轭作用较强，当在溶液中达到一定浓度时，容易发生聚集现象，影响材料的光限幅效果，并且使材料的机械性能下降；利用共价键将卟啉连接在聚合物的骨架上，得到卟啉封端和卟啉交联的聚合物，在保留材料热稳定性和力学性能的同时，具备光限幅能力，提高卟啉在聚合物中的含量，可以提高其光限幅能力。基于这种思想，本论文合成了一系列卟啉单体（四苯基卟啉、四羟基苯基卟啉、邻位双羟基卟啉）引入聚芳醚酮基体，在保留聚芳醚酮优异的热稳定性和化学稳定性的前提下，赋予材料光限幅性能。将卟啉引入超支化聚芳醚酮体系，改善了卟啉的分散情况，使聚合物的光限幅能力得到提升；将邻位双羟基卟啉以共价键的方式引入到聚芳醚酮的主链上，使聚合物的热稳定性和力学性能得到了加强，增加了聚合物中的卟啉含量，并且邻位双羟基卟啉的独特分子结构使其在聚合物中得到良好的分散，避免了卟啉分子间聚集现象的发生，得到具有较强光限幅能力的聚芳醚酮。
With modern laser technology appearing, the light source of the high intensity andexcellent coherent property was obtained. For a growing need in nonlinear optical(NLO) materials, the relative theory to explain the nonlinear optical phenomenon wasdeveloping rapidly. The laser weapons coming into the world have drawn thewide-ranging attention all over the world, especially for passive-mode optical limiting(OL) applications to protect optically sensitive devices and human eyes from laserdamage in both civilian and military applications. Optical limiters as a special kind ofmaterials, which reduce the intensity of hostile lasers by its instantaneous filteringaction, meanwhile possed the high thermal stability and outstanding mechanicalproperties were devoted the deep research.
Poly (aryl ether ketone)s (PAEKs), due to its excellent mechanical properties,thermal stability, electrical and chemical resistance properties, were made a candidatefor advanced materials. Recently, the functioning of PAEKs was the focus research inthe field, in which the most effective method was introducing the groups with thespecial functions into the PAEKs matrix by physics or chemical ways. In order toretain the excellent properties of the materials, the choice of the functioning groupsintroduced into PAEKs shown greatly significant, which in the main principle need tomatch the excellent properties of PAEKs, such as the thermal stability, chemicalstability and so on.
Porphyrins, as one of the most promising candidates existing in the nature, hadbeen widely studied and applied, which acted on the life of animals and plantsimportantly, and was used as the reaction centre of simulating photosynthesis, orantenna system to capture light, synthesizing the molecular device, magnetic material, optical limiters, highly active catalytic agent, and antineoplastic drug, ect. Mostporphyrin materials possed weak solubility in the organic solvent, existing theunfavorable aggregation in the highly dense system, which limited the application ofporphyrin. In recent years, great efforts were made in utilizing porphyrin to developthe efficient OL materials, which could have a large ratio of the excited-state toground-state absorption cross sections (κ=σex/σ0). In order to be convenient formaterial processing, the most effective improving was introducing porphyrin into thePAEKs matrix by blending or branching, which need to meet the demand of retainingthe excellent properties of the materials, in case that increasing the content ofporphyrin as more as possible, we need to solve its dispersion problems in polymermatrix.One of the current challenges was probably the difficulty of handling thematerials in liquid form. The incorporation of porphyrin units into the framework ofthe hyperbranched PAEKs (HPAEKs) could not only help to solve the dissolutionprocessing problems, a necessary condition for avoiding aggregation, but alsoendowed resultant polymers with novel properties. Retained the excellent propertiesof the materials, particularly in thermal stability, preparation of the required NLOactive materials for practical optical limiters was the focus research in the field.
First of all, we had synthesized tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP). Made TPP and6FPAEK solution blended, cast films. And a series of characterization of thecomposite films were carried out. TPP had nonlinear optical properties, at the sametime the thermal stability of TPP and6FPAEK were matched. As a result, thecomposite films had nonlinear optical properties and good thermal stability. Themechanical properties of the composites films were decreased by the instruction ofTPP. It is mainly due to the aggregation phenomenon occurred, when TPP reached acertain concentration in the solution, simple solution blending did not make the TPPwell dispersed in the polymer, so that the mechanical properties of the compositefilms declined. It was an effective way to obtain the optical limiting materials byblending filler materials with optical limiting property and polymer. But, this couldnot be done by no loss of performance, this problem could be solved by uniformlydispersing fillers in the polymer matrix.
Further more, in order to obtain Porphyrin/PAEKs optical limiting materials withgood performance, we prepared two series of PAEKs oligomers, with4-hydroxyphenyl porphyrin (THPP) linked in PAEKs segment. The obtained polymerhad good solubility, excellent thermal stability and the enhanced mechanicalproperties. Made oligomers of PAEKs capped or crosslinked by THPP could producesignificant enhancement of the mechanical properties of the composite material, inparticular the crosslinked ones, a substantial increase in mechanical properties of thematerial; The non-linear optical properties and optical limiting properity of thepolymers were given by introduction of THPP, made PAEKs to achieve abreakthrough in optical limiting field; χ(3)and optical limiting capacity of thepolymers increased with porphyrin content; Polymer backbone containing electrondonating groups can strengthen its nonlinear performance; in6FPAEK series polymer,thermal stability and mechanical properties were stronger than that of BPAPAEKseries polymer, and the gap between their nonlinear optical performance was quitsmall,6FPAEK series polymer was more suitable for application as a high damagethreshold of optical limiting materials.
In order to get better dispersion of porphyrin molecules in PAEKs matrix, weprepared a series of Porphyrin-containing hyperbranched poly (aryl ether ketone)s andits metal derivatives. The polymer obtained had good solubility and excellent thermalstability; Z-scan and optical limiting test results shown that the non-linear opticalproperties and optical limiting properity of the polymers were given by introductionof THPP; χ(3)and optical limiting capacity of the polymers increased with porphyrincontent; The hyperbranched structure made porphyrin optical limiting ability to bemore efficient, in the adverse conditions that the porphyrin content was less than thatof porphyrin capped PAEKs, χ(3)and optical limiting ability exhibited much better;The hyperbranched structure allowed better dispersion of the porphyrin molecule in athree-dimensional network structure of the polymer, to reduce the occurrence of theaggregation phenomenon. When the porphyrin content in polymer was similar, thehyperbranched polymer had stronger optical limiting capability.
In order to improve Porphyrin content in PAEKs, make Porphyrin get optimized distribution in PAEKs. We synthesized5,10-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl)-15,20-diphenylporphyrin (Cis-DHDPP) and got a series of PAEKs contained Porphyrin. The obtainedpolymers had good solubility, excellent thermal stability, good mechanical properties,χ(3)value reached10-12esu (0.5mg mL-1), with certain optical limiting property; ThePorphyrin content in PAEKs was highly improved, at the same time, Cis-DHDPP hada unique molecular structure type, made Cis-DHDPP disorganized dispersed inPAEKs segment, avoided the occurrence of aggregation and improved the opticallimiting ability of the material.
引文
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