单轨吊机车动力系统的研究
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摘要
煤炭行业是我国的支柱产业。随着高新技术和现代化生产的发展,煤矿的产量也在一年一年的上升,煤矿辅助运输对于煤矿的发展也就显得更为重要,成为制约一个煤矿发展的重要因素。随着新的科学技术在煤矿工业的应用,安全、高产、高效现代化矿井的建设,辅助运输的现代化程度成为衡量一个煤矿现代水平的重要指标,同时辅助运输的效率直接影响着矿井生产效率。因此发展高效快捷的辅助运输方式是我国煤矿工业建设的一项重要任务。
作为高产高效辅助运输之一的单轨吊辅助运输系统越来越显示出它的优势,它不受底板条件的影响,运输巷道布置方便节省空间,运输效率高。过去一个月才能完成的综采面搬家倒面工作,利用单轨吊可以在一周内完成,大大提高了辅助运输的效率,从而提高全员效率。这可以在目前使用的单轨吊煤矿得到证明。
本文在对常村矿进口单轨吊现场考察和查阅有关资料的基础上,分析了现在所使用单轨吊燃油动力系统存在的问题。对单轨吊燃油动力系统选配大功率4112型防爆柴油机,并针对所选配的柴油机设计了加载试验台,对柴油机的相关特性及相应参数测量,试验证明所选用的防爆柴油机能够满足目前煤矿大型液压支架、掘进机和采煤机的连续长距离大坡度的运输要求。为了保证防爆柴油机能够满足煤矿井下恶劣环境的要求和满足煤矿井下的防爆要求,防止排气温度过高,对单轨吊所配柴油机尾气冷却系统设计计算,对防爆柴油机排气歧管建模分析,设计并计算单轨吊尾气净化箱冷却性能。为了保证单轨吊动力系统的安全使用,开发设计单轨吊多点安全保护装置,对所用传感器进行选型分析,设计多点保护装置电控系统并对相应控制元件选型。
在对进口单轨吊液压系统分析的基础上,针对目前液压系统存在的问题,结合改造后的大功率燃油系统,从原理上阐明单轨吊的液压系统及其控制回路、制动回路、安全保护回路,对液压系统关键阀——卸荷溢流阀工作原理,建立物理模型,运用功率键合图法建立卸荷溢流阀的数学模型,并转为状态方程,通过数字电路对其动态特性分析,得出了卸荷溢阀的静态工作区间和动态响应曲线,这为防止大功率燃油系统单轨吊液压系统发热,使液压系统能够长时间有效运行提供了理论依据,为进一步优化液压系统提供了新的方向和思路。另外,对单轨吊整机液压系统建立动态模型,运用现代控制理论,分析单轨吊液压系统的各种特性,从理论上确定单轨吊的最优参数,分析驱动系统和制动系统响应的协调特性。
Coal industry is our chief industry. With the development of high and new technology and modernized product, mine yield is increased year by year, so auxiliary haulage is becoming more and more important for coal mine development, and it is becoming an important factor to confine coal development. With the application of new science and technology on the coal industry, it becomes an important index for mine modernization construction, which is the update mine construction of safe, high-production, high efficiency and update construction of auxiliary haulage. At the same time, the efficiency of auxiliary haulage directly affects the mine production efficiency. So it becomes an important task to develop highly active auxiliary haulage for our coal industry.
As one of the auxiliary haulage modes, monorail crane auxiliary haulage system has exhibited its advantage, which is not confined with floor condition, convenience of transport tunnel layout and high transport efficiency. With monorail crane we can finish complex coal-cutting work of working face in a week which would be a month in the past. So it can increase auxiliary haulage efficiency and also worker efficiency. All of these can be certificated by the mines whose has used monorail crane.
Based on the survey and collection of related data of import monorail crane in Changcun Mine, the problems of fuel system which are used now are analyzed. Superpower explosive-proof 4112 diesel for monorail crane fuel power system is used and loading tester is designed. Experiment results certificate that this explosion-proof diesel can meet the needs of continuously, long-distance and large gradient transport of hydraulic support, development machine and coal mining machine. To meet the need of bad environment and unexploited demands in mine and lower temperature of exhaustion, design and calculation of diesel cooling system and exhaust gas cleaner are done, and exhaust manifold is analyzed. Multiple-point safety device is developed to make the use of fuel power system safe. Electric control system is designed, and various elements are selected and analysis.
The principle of Monorail crane hydraulic system and control loop system, braking loop system and safety loop system are illuminated according to the problems and fuel system which has been improved. The physical model and mathematic model of unloading relief valve, which is the key valve of hydraulic system, is building, and power characteristic study is done. Static working interval and power response curve of unloading relief valve can be acquired by power simulation. It can avoid generating heat and bring theory basis of anglicizing the run of hydraulic system in long time, also can supply new methods for motorizing hydraulic system. In addition, the power model of hydraulic system is building and modern control theory is used to acquire the best parameters in theory of monorail crane and coordination characteristic of driving and braking system, according to the analysis of hydraulic system characteristics.
作为高产高效辅助运输之一的单轨吊辅助运输系统越来越显示出它的优势,它不受底板条件的影响,运输巷道布置方便节省空间,运输效率高。过去一个月才能完成的综采面搬家倒面工作,利用单轨吊可以在一周内完成,大大提高了辅助运输的效率,从而提高全员效率。这可以在目前使用的单轨吊煤矿得到证明。
本文在对常村矿进口单轨吊现场考察和查阅有关资料的基础上,分析了现在所使用单轨吊燃油动力系统存在的问题。对单轨吊燃油动力系统选配大功率4112型防爆柴油机,并针对所选配的柴油机设计了加载试验台,对柴油机的相关特性及相应参数测量,试验证明所选用的防爆柴油机能够满足目前煤矿大型液压支架、掘进机和采煤机的连续长距离大坡度的运输要求。为了保证防爆柴油机能够满足煤矿井下恶劣环境的要求和满足煤矿井下的防爆要求,防止排气温度过高,对单轨吊所配柴油机尾气冷却系统设计计算,对防爆柴油机排气歧管建模分析,设计并计算单轨吊尾气净化箱冷却性能。为了保证单轨吊动力系统的安全使用,开发设计单轨吊多点安全保护装置,对所用传感器进行选型分析,设计多点保护装置电控系统并对相应控制元件选型。
在对进口单轨吊液压系统分析的基础上,针对目前液压系统存在的问题,结合改造后的大功率燃油系统,从原理上阐明单轨吊的液压系统及其控制回路、制动回路、安全保护回路,对液压系统关键阀——卸荷溢流阀工作原理,建立物理模型,运用功率键合图法建立卸荷溢流阀的数学模型,并转为状态方程,通过数字电路对其动态特性分析,得出了卸荷溢阀的静态工作区间和动态响应曲线,这为防止大功率燃油系统单轨吊液压系统发热,使液压系统能够长时间有效运行提供了理论依据,为进一步优化液压系统提供了新的方向和思路。另外,对单轨吊整机液压系统建立动态模型,运用现代控制理论,分析单轨吊液压系统的各种特性,从理论上确定单轨吊的最优参数,分析驱动系统和制动系统响应的协调特性。
Coal industry is our chief industry. With the development of high and new technology and modernized product, mine yield is increased year by year, so auxiliary haulage is becoming more and more important for coal mine development, and it is becoming an important factor to confine coal development. With the application of new science and technology on the coal industry, it becomes an important index for mine modernization construction, which is the update mine construction of safe, high-production, high efficiency and update construction of auxiliary haulage. At the same time, the efficiency of auxiliary haulage directly affects the mine production efficiency. So it becomes an important task to develop highly active auxiliary haulage for our coal industry.
As one of the auxiliary haulage modes, monorail crane auxiliary haulage system has exhibited its advantage, which is not confined with floor condition, convenience of transport tunnel layout and high transport efficiency. With monorail crane we can finish complex coal-cutting work of working face in a week which would be a month in the past. So it can increase auxiliary haulage efficiency and also worker efficiency. All of these can be certificated by the mines whose has used monorail crane.
Based on the survey and collection of related data of import monorail crane in Changcun Mine, the problems of fuel system which are used now are analyzed. Superpower explosive-proof 4112 diesel for monorail crane fuel power system is used and loading tester is designed. Experiment results certificate that this explosion-proof diesel can meet the needs of continuously, long-distance and large gradient transport of hydraulic support, development machine and coal mining machine. To meet the need of bad environment and unexploited demands in mine and lower temperature of exhaustion, design and calculation of diesel cooling system and exhaust gas cleaner are done, and exhaust manifold is analyzed. Multiple-point safety device is developed to make the use of fuel power system safe. Electric control system is designed, and various elements are selected and analysis.
The principle of Monorail crane hydraulic system and control loop system, braking loop system and safety loop system are illuminated according to the problems and fuel system which has been improved. The physical model and mathematic model of unloading relief valve, which is the key valve of hydraulic system, is building, and power characteristic study is done. Static working interval and power response curve of unloading relief valve can be acquired by power simulation. It can avoid generating heat and bring theory basis of anglicizing the run of hydraulic system in long time, also can supply new methods for motorizing hydraulic system. In addition, the power model of hydraulic system is building and modern control theory is used to acquire the best parameters in theory of monorail crane and coordination characteristic of driving and braking system, according to the analysis of hydraulic system characteristics.
引文
[1]张淑玲,赵维纲,国产辅助运输设备的种类、特点及使用,河北省煤炭科研所,煤矿设计,1996(4)
[2]汪秀华,国内外辅助运输概况及对我国发展辅助运输的看法,山东煤研所,煤矿设计,1997(4)
[3]罗勇,单轨吊燃油系统的研究,[学位论文],太原,太原理工大学,2005
[4]裴江涛,郭立伟,李建国等,单轨吊防爆柴油机国产化研究,煤,2004(4)
[5]王开松,王修宏,在综采工作面顺槽采用单轨吊,煤矿机电,2004(3)
[6]赵磊生,刘恒丽,张立军等,先导式溢流阀调压系统动态特性仿真研究,机械制造与设计,2005(7)
[7]S.S.Rao.,Error analysis of cam-follower system,a probabilistic approach.Proc.Instn.Mech.Engrs.,1984,155-162
[8]弓永军,谢伟,周华,杨华勇,纯水卸荷溢流阀的试验研究,机床与液压,2005(9)
[9]刘琳琳,王艾轮,马强,杨相稳,卸荷溢流阀动态特性的数字仿真研究,机床与液压,2006(9)
[10]YiImaz Y,Kocabac I,The vibration of disk cam mechanism.Mech.Mach.Theory,1995,30(5),695-703
[12]张彦军,官忠范,刘树敏,卸荷溢流阀静态特性图解分析,沈阳工业大学学报,1997,9(5)
[13]始光林,赵渝平,一种新型液控卸荷溢流阀,液压与气动,1997(2)
[14]韩冰,柴油机热平衡及缸盖的传热,西安交通大学,[学位论文],2002
[15]纪煦,雷秀,余建国,溢流阀的模拟仿真,机电工程,2006,24(3)
[16]陈丽漩,严子浚,有限时间热力学,自然杂志,1990,10(11),25-829
[17]陈林根,孙丰瑞,陈文振,能量系统有限时间热力学的现状和进展,力学进展,1992,22(25),479-488
[18]朱明善等编著,热力学分析,北京,高等教育出版社,1992
[19]门志顺,河北省国有煤矿辅助运输现状及今后发展方向,河北煤炭,2000(2)
[20]宋春如,柴油机常见故障测温智能诊断系统研究,武汉理工大学,[学位论文],2002
[21]郑尔辉,王思洋,龚丽,柴油机冷却系统的维护与保养,黑龙江交通科技,2003(1)
[22]韩江桂,吴瑞林,宋继忠,用MATLAB实现防爆柴油机排气冷却系统的优化,煤矿机械,2004(11)
[23]Wilhelm A J,Sodhi R S.,Burmester synthesis for four—barlinkages on microcomputer CAD system[A],Proceed—the 10th Applied Mechanisms Conference,New Or-leans,LA,1987
[24]Deng Y M,Britton G A,Tor S B.,Constraint—based functional design verification for conceptual design[J],Computer—aided Design,2000,32(14),889-899
[25]高贵军,煤矿辅助运输关键技术与装备的研究,[学位论文],太原,太原理工大学,2004
[26]罗勇,寇子明,单轨吊液压系统建模与仿真,机械管理开发,2004(9)
[27]TSAY DM,LIN BJ,Profile determination of planar and spatial cams with cylindrical roller-followers,Proceeding Institute of Mechanical Engineering Part C,Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science,1996,210,565-574
[28]Ge Q J,Sirchia M.,Computer aided design of two parameters free form motion,ASME,journal of mechanical Design,1999,121(4),9-14
[29]Sheth P N.,A digital computer based simulation procedure for multiple degree of freedom mechanical systems with geometric constraints[D],University of Wisconsin,1972
[30]Wilhelm A J,Sodhi R S.,Burmester synthesis for four-barlinkaSes on microcomputer CAD system[A],the 10th Applied Mechanisms Conference,New Or—leans,LA,1987
[31]John R Mlinar,Arthur G Erdman,A introduction to Burmester field theory[J],ASME Journal of Mechanical Design,2000,122(1),25—30
[32]GeorgeNS,ArthurGE.,advanced analysis and synthesis,volume2[M],Mechanism Design Englewooddiffs,Newjersey,PRHENTICE-HALL,1984
[33]Yao Z,Johnson A L,On estimating the feasible solution space of design[J],Computer-Aided Design,1997,29(9),649-655
[2]汪秀华,国内外辅助运输概况及对我国发展辅助运输的看法,山东煤研所,煤矿设计,1997(4)
[3]罗勇,单轨吊燃油系统的研究,[学位论文],太原,太原理工大学,2005
[4]裴江涛,郭立伟,李建国等,单轨吊防爆柴油机国产化研究,煤,2004(4)
[5]王开松,王修宏,在综采工作面顺槽采用单轨吊,煤矿机电,2004(3)
[6]赵磊生,刘恒丽,张立军等,先导式溢流阀调压系统动态特性仿真研究,机械制造与设计,2005(7)
[7]S.S.Rao.,Error analysis of cam-follower system,a probabilistic approach.Proc.Instn.Mech.Engrs.,1984,155-162
[8]弓永军,谢伟,周华,杨华勇,纯水卸荷溢流阀的试验研究,机床与液压,2005(9)
[9]刘琳琳,王艾轮,马强,杨相稳,卸荷溢流阀动态特性的数字仿真研究,机床与液压,2006(9)
[10]YiImaz Y,Kocabac I,The vibration of disk cam mechanism.Mech.Mach.Theory,1995,30(5),695-703
[12]张彦军,官忠范,刘树敏,卸荷溢流阀静态特性图解分析,沈阳工业大学学报,1997,9(5)
[13]始光林,赵渝平,一种新型液控卸荷溢流阀,液压与气动,1997(2)
[14]韩冰,柴油机热平衡及缸盖的传热,西安交通大学,[学位论文],2002
[15]纪煦,雷秀,余建国,溢流阀的模拟仿真,机电工程,2006,24(3)
[16]陈丽漩,严子浚,有限时间热力学,自然杂志,1990,10(11),25-829
[17]陈林根,孙丰瑞,陈文振,能量系统有限时间热力学的现状和进展,力学进展,1992,22(25),479-488
[18]朱明善等编著,热力学分析,北京,高等教育出版社,1992
[19]门志顺,河北省国有煤矿辅助运输现状及今后发展方向,河北煤炭,2000(2)
[20]宋春如,柴油机常见故障测温智能诊断系统研究,武汉理工大学,[学位论文],2002
[21]郑尔辉,王思洋,龚丽,柴油机冷却系统的维护与保养,黑龙江交通科技,2003(1)
[22]韩江桂,吴瑞林,宋继忠,用MATLAB实现防爆柴油机排气冷却系统的优化,煤矿机械,2004(11)
[23]Wilhelm A J,Sodhi R S.,Burmester synthesis for four—barlinkages on microcomputer CAD system[A],Proceed—the 10th Applied Mechanisms Conference,New Or-leans,LA,1987
[24]Deng Y M,Britton G A,Tor S B.,Constraint—based functional design verification for conceptual design[J],Computer—aided Design,2000,32(14),889-899
[25]高贵军,煤矿辅助运输关键技术与装备的研究,[学位论文],太原,太原理工大学,2004
[26]罗勇,寇子明,单轨吊液压系统建模与仿真,机械管理开发,2004(9)
[27]TSAY DM,LIN BJ,Profile determination of planar and spatial cams with cylindrical roller-followers,Proceeding Institute of Mechanical Engineering Part C,Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science,1996,210,565-574
[28]Ge Q J,Sirchia M.,Computer aided design of two parameters free form motion,ASME,journal of mechanical Design,1999,121(4),9-14
[29]Sheth P N.,A digital computer based simulation procedure for multiple degree of freedom mechanical systems with geometric constraints[D],University of Wisconsin,1972
[30]Wilhelm A J,Sodhi R S.,Burmester synthesis for four-barlinkaSes on microcomputer CAD system[A],the 10th Applied Mechanisms Conference,New Or—leans,LA,1987
[31]John R Mlinar,Arthur G Erdman,A introduction to Burmester field theory[J],ASME Journal of Mechanical Design,2000,122(1),25—30
[32]GeorgeNS,ArthurGE.,advanced analysis and synthesis,volume2[M],Mechanism Design Englewooddiffs,Newjersey,PRHENTICE-HALL,1984
[33]Yao Z,Johnson A L,On estimating the feasible solution space of design[J],Computer-Aided Design,1997,29(9),649-655