电力系统分布式状态估计的研究
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摘要
电力系统互联是电力系统发展的必然趋势，这对能量管理系统的自动化水平要求越来越高。状态估计是能量管理系统的核心部分，状态估计算法的研究直接关系到状态估计计算的速度、精度等，面对大规模的电力系统，传统的状态估计算法已经不可能有所突破，因此必须开发新的状态估计算法以适应未来电力系统的发展需求。随着分散式控制技术的快速发展，其可能是未来电力系统控制发展的主要趋势。
本文针对分散式控制技术，在研究传统算法和分级式算法的基础上，提出了分布式状态估计算法，建立了相应的数学模型，并进行了可观测性分析。其基本思想是多区域多处理器，与分级式算法相似，其优点有以下几方面：
1)固有的并行计算性，加快了计算速度。它通过数据划分技术，将一个大的系统裂解为多个子系统，这些子系
统可以分别进行求解，每个子系统的可观测性单独进行分
析。
2)分布式算法没有中央处理机，它通过消息传递模式
来实现处理器之间的信息交流，从而消除了分级式算法数
据传输过程的“瓶颈”问题，整体上加快了计算的速度。
3)分布式算法通过其边界协调方程来修正边界节点估
计值，从而保证了计算的精度。
分布式算法实际上是将方程降维协调并行求解，不足
的地方是目前受网络速度的制约，信息交流的占用时间比
较大，尤其是边界节点数量很大时，网络耗时尤为突出。
但是随着高速数据网络通讯技术的飞速发展，其实用性在
未来是很有前途的。
通过WSCC一9节点系统以PVM为软件平台在单机组成的
局域网上进行了计算，计算的结果表明在适当的冗余度下，
利用异构运算机制，分布式算法是比较成功的。
The interconnection of power systems is a inevitable trend with the development of future power system, correspondingly, we require the EMS to control the system better. SE(State Estimation) is the pivotal part of EMS, the algorithm of SE is related to the speed and precision in calculating directly. For a large-scale power system ,the conventional centralized state estimation methods have reached a stage in which substantial improvements in either speed or numerical robustness are unlikely. So we must open up new SE methods to adapt to the development of future power systems. Although the decentralized control techniques have not yet applied to power system ,however, they probably
will be the main trend in the future because the decentralized control has obvious advantages over the centralized control for the large-scale interconnected systems.
In the thesis, for adapting to the decentralized control techniques, we proposed the distributed state estimation(DSE) method, established the corresponding math model, and we made observability analysis after studying the conventional and hierarchical methods. The main idea of the distributed SE method is "multi-processor to multi-area". Compared with the hierarchical methods, the distributed SE method has following advantages :
1) Inherent parallel characteristics quicken the calculating speed. In DSE method a large system has been decomposed into tow or more subsystems, these subsystems can be solved and made observability analysis solely.
2)The DSE method has no central controlling computer. It realizes the information communication through the message passing pattern, and eliminates the bottleneck problem of the
hierarchical methods in the process of data transferring.
3) The DSE method modified the results of the boundary buses by the coordinate function, thus it ensures the calculating precision generally.
The disadvantage of DSE method is that its time-consuming is serious because of the limit of the network's speed, especially there are large numbers of boundary buses. But with the quick development of the high data communication technique ,its practicability will be very promising.
After calculating the WSCC-9 system based on local area network consisting of single computer and used the software platform PVM, it showed that the DSE method is successful when the redundancy was proper and asynchronous computation was used.
本文针对分散式控制技术，在研究传统算法和分级式算法的基础上，提出了分布式状态估计算法，建立了相应的数学模型，并进行了可观测性分析。其基本思想是多区域多处理器，与分级式算法相似，其优点有以下几方面：
1)固有的并行计算性，加快了计算速度。它通过数据划分技术，将一个大的系统裂解为多个子系统，这些子系
统可以分别进行求解，每个子系统的可观测性单独进行分
析。
2)分布式算法没有中央处理机，它通过消息传递模式
来实现处理器之间的信息交流，从而消除了分级式算法数
据传输过程的“瓶颈”问题，整体上加快了计算的速度。
3)分布式算法通过其边界协调方程来修正边界节点估
计值，从而保证了计算的精度。
分布式算法实际上是将方程降维协调并行求解，不足
的地方是目前受网络速度的制约，信息交流的占用时间比
较大，尤其是边界节点数量很大时，网络耗时尤为突出。
但是随着高速数据网络通讯技术的飞速发展，其实用性在
未来是很有前途的。
通过WSCC一9节点系统以PVM为软件平台在单机组成的
局域网上进行了计算，计算的结果表明在适当的冗余度下，
利用异构运算机制，分布式算法是比较成功的。
The interconnection of power systems is a inevitable trend with the development of future power system, correspondingly, we require the EMS to control the system better. SE(State Estimation) is the pivotal part of EMS, the algorithm of SE is related to the speed and precision in calculating directly. For a large-scale power system ,the conventional centralized state estimation methods have reached a stage in which substantial improvements in either speed or numerical robustness are unlikely. So we must open up new SE methods to adapt to the development of future power systems. Although the decentralized control techniques have not yet applied to power system ,however, they probably
will be the main trend in the future because the decentralized control has obvious advantages over the centralized control for the large-scale interconnected systems.
In the thesis, for adapting to the decentralized control techniques, we proposed the distributed state estimation(DSE) method, established the corresponding math model, and we made observability analysis after studying the conventional and hierarchical methods. The main idea of the distributed SE method is "multi-processor to multi-area". Compared with the hierarchical methods, the distributed SE method has following advantages :
1) Inherent parallel characteristics quicken the calculating speed. In DSE method a large system has been decomposed into tow or more subsystems, these subsystems can be solved and made observability analysis solely.
2)The DSE method has no central controlling computer. It realizes the information communication through the message passing pattern, and eliminates the bottleneck problem of the
hierarchical methods in the process of data transferring.
3) The DSE method modified the results of the boundary buses by the coordinate function, thus it ensures the calculating precision generally.
The disadvantage of DSE method is that its time-consuming is serious because of the limit of the network's speed, especially there are large numbers of boundary buses. But with the quick development of the high data communication technique ,its practicability will be very promising.
After calculating the WSCC-9 system based on local area network consisting of single computer and used the software platform PVM, it showed that the DSE method is successful when the redundancy was proper and asynchronous computation was used.
引文
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