澄合矿区采空区地面塌陷危险性评价
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摘要
澄合矿区煤炭资源的大量开采,形成大面积采空区,导致大面积地面塌陷、地面沉降、地裂缝以及由此导致的滑坡、崩塌、地表植被破坏等多种形式的灾害,造成重大人员伤亡和设备事故,已成为矿山主要灾害,引起了政府、企业的高度重视。
本文针对澄合矿区地下开采过程中形成的大量采空区危险性进行了系统、深入研究。通过对采空区上覆岩层破坏机理及破坏类型的研究,根据现场技术部门提供的资料以及采空区大量现场调查,分析澄合矿区采煤塌陷的基本规律和特殊性,从地质、水文、环境以及采矿四个主要影响因素,分析得出影响采空区塌陷危险性的主要因子,运用模糊综合评价理论,建立了采空区塌陷危险性多因子评价模型。提出了采空区危险性指标,采用层次分析法确定评价指标因素的权重,并用四值逻辑分区法确定隶属函数和评分标准。从而实现了澄合矿区采空区塌陷危险性的定量分析,将统计得出的27个采空区划分为危险性极高、危险性较高、危险性一般、危险性较低四个等级,并提出相应的防治对策。
A large number of mining exploitation of coal resources in Cheng-He mining area forms a large area of goaf. The goaf cause large-scale ground collapse, ground subsidence, ground fissures,as well as induced disaster such as landslide, collapse,surface vegetation demolish etc.Above all have been the major disaster in underground mine,which have resulted in momentous personnel casualty and equipment accident and aroused government and enterprise’s intense recognition.
This article did a systematic in-depth research about the risk of Cheng-He mining area’s goaf.By the study of the overlying strata’breakage mechanism and type, according to the information which provide by the technology departments, the article analyses Cheng-He mining area’s basic law and specificity which caused by mining subsidence.Main factors of goaf ground collapse risk were obtained by analyzing four affecting matters containing geology, hydrology, environment and mining. With these factors the article which uses Comprehensive fuzzy evaluation theory has established the risk of collapse of goaf of multi-factor evaluation model.We proposed hazard degree index,adopted the analytic hierarchy process to ascertain the weight of assessing index factor,and four-valued logic zoning method to ascertain subordination function and grade standard.Thereby quantitative analysis of underground goaf disaster hazard degree in Cheng-He mining area was realized,then 27 statistical goaf were compartmentalized to be extremely high degree,high hazard degree,common hazard degree and low hazard degree,and the corresponding control measures were proposed.
本文针对澄合矿区地下开采过程中形成的大量采空区危险性进行了系统、深入研究。通过对采空区上覆岩层破坏机理及破坏类型的研究,根据现场技术部门提供的资料以及采空区大量现场调查,分析澄合矿区采煤塌陷的基本规律和特殊性,从地质、水文、环境以及采矿四个主要影响因素,分析得出影响采空区塌陷危险性的主要因子,运用模糊综合评价理论,建立了采空区塌陷危险性多因子评价模型。提出了采空区危险性指标,采用层次分析法确定评价指标因素的权重,并用四值逻辑分区法确定隶属函数和评分标准。从而实现了澄合矿区采空区塌陷危险性的定量分析,将统计得出的27个采空区划分为危险性极高、危险性较高、危险性一般、危险性较低四个等级,并提出相应的防治对策。
A large number of mining exploitation of coal resources in Cheng-He mining area forms a large area of goaf. The goaf cause large-scale ground collapse, ground subsidence, ground fissures,as well as induced disaster such as landslide, collapse,surface vegetation demolish etc.Above all have been the major disaster in underground mine,which have resulted in momentous personnel casualty and equipment accident and aroused government and enterprise’s intense recognition.
This article did a systematic in-depth research about the risk of Cheng-He mining area’s goaf.By the study of the overlying strata’breakage mechanism and type, according to the information which provide by the technology departments, the article analyses Cheng-He mining area’s basic law and specificity which caused by mining subsidence.Main factors of goaf ground collapse risk were obtained by analyzing four affecting matters containing geology, hydrology, environment and mining. With these factors the article which uses Comprehensive fuzzy evaluation theory has established the risk of collapse of goaf of multi-factor evaluation model.We proposed hazard degree index,adopted the analytic hierarchy process to ascertain the weight of assessing index factor,and four-valued logic zoning method to ascertain subordination function and grade standard.Thereby quantitative analysis of underground goaf disaster hazard degree in Cheng-He mining area was realized,then 27 statistical goaf were compartmentalized to be extremely high degree,high hazard degree,common hazard degree and low hazard degree,and the corresponding control measures were proposed.
引文
[1]国家安全监督管理局研究中心.我国煤炭城市采空塌陷灾害及防治对策研究[R]. 2004.6
[2]山西商报,2004.8
[3]殷跃平,柳源.中国地质灾害防治研究—对国际减灾十年活动(1990—2000年)的思索[J].工程地质学报,2000,增刊:1~10
[4] R.P.Gupta, B.C.Joshi.Landslide hazard zoning using the GIS approach—A case study from the Ramganga catchment,Himalayas[J].Engineering Geology,1990,28:119~131
[5] Mario Mejia-navarro,Postdoctoral Fellow.1996. Natural hazard and risk assessment using decision support systems,application:Glenwood Springs,Colorado.Environmental and Engineering Geosicence,1996,II:299~324
[6] R.Anbalagan, Bhawani. Landslide hazard and risk assessment maping of mountainous terrains—a case study from kumaun himalaya[J].Engineering Geology,1996,43:237~246
[7] P.J.Finlay,Robin.Landslides:Risk perception and acceptance[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1997,34(2):169~188
[8] Cross,Martin,Landslide susceptibility mapping using the matrix assessment approach Derbyshire case study,1998
[9] Fausto Guzzetti.Landslide fatalities and the evaluation of landslide risk in Italy[J]. Engineering Geology,2000,58(2):89~107
[10] Piyoosh Rautelal,Ramesh Chandra Lakhera. Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya(India)[J].ITC Journal/the International Institute for Aerial Survey and Earth Sciences,2000,2(3～4):153~160
[11] G.C.Ohlmacher,J.C.Davis.Using multiple logistic regression and GIS technology to predict landslide hazard in Northeast Kansas,USA[J],Engineering Geology, 2003,69: 331-343
[12] P Aleotti,R.Chowdhury.1999.Landslide hazard assessment:summary reviewand new perspectives.Bull Eng Geol Env,1999,58: 21~44.
[13] S.Lee,K.Min.Statistical analysis of landslide susceptibility at Yongin,Korea[J]. Environmental Geology,2001,40:1095-1113
[14] F.C.Dai,D.F.Lee.Landslide characteristics and slope instability modeling using GIS, Lantau Island,Hong Kong[J].Geomorphology,2002,48:213-228
[15]刘希林,唐川.2004,泥石流危险性评价[M].北京,科学出版社
[16]史培军,叶陶,王静等.论自然灾害的风险的综合行政管理[J].北京示范大学学报,2006, 9(2):46~47
[17]段永候,罗元华,谢章中等.我国地质灾害现状与直接经济损失评估[J].经济研究参考,1994,5
[18]张梁,张建军.地质灾害风险区划理论和方法[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2000,11(4): 323~328
[19]向喜琼,黄润秋.地质灾害风险评价与风险管理[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2000,11(1): 38~41
[20]蒋维,金磊.中国城市综合减灾对策[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1992,74~85
[21]黄崇福,王家鼎.模糊信息优化处理技术及其应用[M].北京:航空航天大学出版社,1995,145~159
[22]张业成,张梁.论地质灾害风险评价[J].地质灾害与环境保护,1996,7(3):1~6
[23]张春山,张业成,胡景江等.中国地质灾害时空分布特征与形成条件[J].第四纪研究,2000,20(6):559~566
[24]殷坤龙,柳源.滑坡灾害区划系统研究[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2000,11(4):28~32
[25]朱良峰,殷坤龙,张梁等.GIS支持下的地质灾害风险分析[J].长江科学院院报,2002, 19(5)42~45
[26]范文,刘雪梅,高德彬,等.主成分分析法在地质灾害危险性综合评价中的应用[J].西安工程学院学报,2001,23(4):53~57
[27]张春山,吴满路,张业成.地质灾害风险评价方法及展望[J].自然灾害学报, 2002,12(1): 96~102
[28]吴兆营,薄景山,杜国林等.采空区对地表稳定性的影响[J].自然灾害学报,2004,4(2): 140~144
[29]徐水太,饶运章;潘建平.地下开采引起地表移动和不均匀沉降的机理分析[J].矿业工程,2004,2(1):31~33
[30]范之望.边界元法及层状介质岩体在地表及岩层移动计算中的应用[J].煤炭学报, 2004,4,(1):53~56
[31]李文秀,侯晓兵,戴兰芳等.深部开采岩体变形分析的双曲函数法[J].化工矿物与加工, 2008,1:64~68
[32]滕永海,唐志新,张长根等.王庄煤矿老采空区地基稳定性评价[J].煤炭科学技术, 2000,2:58~61
[33]徐永明,张戎垦,李国和.大型采空区铁路地基稳定性分析[J].铁道勘察,2004,4:72~75
[34]周伟义,李军生,赵明华等.潭邵高速公路岩溶及采空区路基稳定性评价及治理对策[J].公路,3002,1:21~24
[35]李满囤.太古公路采空区路桥稳定性分析及其治理方案[J].重庆交通学院学报,2000, 9:84~86
[36]余学义,施文刚.地表剩余沉陷的预计方法[J].西安科技学院学报,1996,3:34~36
[37]朱宜生,刘松玉,童立元.高速公路下伏富水多层采空区注浆处理技术研究[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2003,12:35~38
[38]于学馥等编著.岩石力学新概念与开挖结构优化设计[M].北京:科学出版社,1995
[39]郭广礼,何国清.部分开采老采空区覆岩稳定性分析[J.矿山压力与顶板管理,2003(3): 70~73
[40]朱珍德,邢福东.地下水对泥板岩强度软化的损伤力学分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,7
[41]雷云生.采空区上部地表变形区塌陷研究[J].铜业工程,2002(3):53~55
[42]姚清华.采空区围岩稳定性分析[J].江西铜业工程,1995(2):10~22
[43]郭立.深部开采岩爆的研究机理及其岩爆预测[M].中南大学博士学位论文,2004
[44]郑营,郭立稳,毕作枝.浅析采空区的破坏机理与处理方法[J].矿业工程,2008,8(4): 32~34
[45]杨选民.陕西渭北煤田地表塌陷规律及治理对策[J].煤矿环境保护,1993,10(5):29~32
[46]郭志.岩体变形和破坏机制[M].岩体工程地质论文集,北京:地质出版社1985
[47]史培军.中国自然灾害、减灾建设与可持续发展[J].自然资源学报,1995,10(3):267~268
[48]刘景凡,石忠旭.矿区环境质量模糊综合评价级别法及其应用[J].青岛建筑工程学院学报,2002,23(2):31~34
[49]陈锦灿.确定安全评价等级的方法一模糊综合评判法[J].劳动保护科学技术,1996, 16(2):38~40
[50]陈锦灿.安全评价指标因素权重法[J].劳动保护科学技术,1995(2):10~12
[51]张跃,邹寿平等编著.模糊数学方法及其应用[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1991
[52]苏永华,方祖烈.大型地下采空区稳定可靠性分析建模方法探讨[J].中国矿业,1998, 7(4):69~72
[53]段瑜.地下采空区灾害危险度的模糊综合评价[D].中南大学,2005
[2]山西商报,2004.8
[3]殷跃平,柳源.中国地质灾害防治研究—对国际减灾十年活动(1990—2000年)的思索[J].工程地质学报,2000,增刊:1~10
[4] R.P.Gupta, B.C.Joshi.Landslide hazard zoning using the GIS approach—A case study from the Ramganga catchment,Himalayas[J].Engineering Geology,1990,28:119~131
[5] Mario Mejia-navarro,Postdoctoral Fellow.1996. Natural hazard and risk assessment using decision support systems,application:Glenwood Springs,Colorado.Environmental and Engineering Geosicence,1996,II:299~324
[6] R.Anbalagan, Bhawani. Landslide hazard and risk assessment maping of mountainous terrains—a case study from kumaun himalaya[J].Engineering Geology,1996,43:237~246
[7] P.J.Finlay,Robin.Landslides:Risk perception and acceptance[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1997,34(2):169~188
[8] Cross,Martin,Landslide susceptibility mapping using the matrix assessment approach Derbyshire case study,1998
[9] Fausto Guzzetti.Landslide fatalities and the evaluation of landslide risk in Italy[J]. Engineering Geology,2000,58(2):89~107
[10] Piyoosh Rautelal,Ramesh Chandra Lakhera. Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya(India)[J].ITC Journal/the International Institute for Aerial Survey and Earth Sciences,2000,2(3～4):153~160
[11] G.C.Ohlmacher,J.C.Davis.Using multiple logistic regression and GIS technology to predict landslide hazard in Northeast Kansas,USA[J],Engineering Geology, 2003,69: 331-343
[12] P Aleotti,R.Chowdhury.1999.Landslide hazard assessment:summary reviewand new perspectives.Bull Eng Geol Env,1999,58: 21~44.
[13] S.Lee,K.Min.Statistical analysis of landslide susceptibility at Yongin,Korea[J]. Environmental Geology,2001,40:1095-1113
[14] F.C.Dai,D.F.Lee.Landslide characteristics and slope instability modeling using GIS, Lantau Island,Hong Kong[J].Geomorphology,2002,48:213-228
[15]刘希林,唐川.2004,泥石流危险性评价[M].北京,科学出版社
[16]史培军,叶陶,王静等.论自然灾害的风险的综合行政管理[J].北京示范大学学报,2006, 9(2):46~47
[17]段永候,罗元华,谢章中等.我国地质灾害现状与直接经济损失评估[J].经济研究参考,1994,5
[18]张梁,张建军.地质灾害风险区划理论和方法[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2000,11(4): 323~328
[19]向喜琼,黄润秋.地质灾害风险评价与风险管理[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2000,11(1): 38~41
[20]蒋维,金磊.中国城市综合减灾对策[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1992,74~85
[21]黄崇福,王家鼎.模糊信息优化处理技术及其应用[M].北京:航空航天大学出版社,1995,145~159
[22]张业成,张梁.论地质灾害风险评价[J].地质灾害与环境保护,1996,7(3):1~6
[23]张春山,张业成,胡景江等.中国地质灾害时空分布特征与形成条件[J].第四纪研究,2000,20(6):559~566
[24]殷坤龙,柳源.滑坡灾害区划系统研究[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2000,11(4):28~32
[25]朱良峰,殷坤龙,张梁等.GIS支持下的地质灾害风险分析[J].长江科学院院报,2002, 19(5)42~45
[26]范文,刘雪梅,高德彬,等.主成分分析法在地质灾害危险性综合评价中的应用[J].西安工程学院学报,2001,23(4):53~57
[27]张春山,吴满路,张业成.地质灾害风险评价方法及展望[J].自然灾害学报, 2002,12(1): 96~102
[28]吴兆营,薄景山,杜国林等.采空区对地表稳定性的影响[J].自然灾害学报,2004,4(2): 140~144
[29]徐水太,饶运章;潘建平.地下开采引起地表移动和不均匀沉降的机理分析[J].矿业工程,2004,2(1):31~33
[30]范之望.边界元法及层状介质岩体在地表及岩层移动计算中的应用[J].煤炭学报, 2004,4,(1):53~56
[31]李文秀,侯晓兵,戴兰芳等.深部开采岩体变形分析的双曲函数法[J].化工矿物与加工, 2008,1:64~68
[32]滕永海,唐志新,张长根等.王庄煤矿老采空区地基稳定性评价[J].煤炭科学技术, 2000,2:58~61
[33]徐永明,张戎垦,李国和.大型采空区铁路地基稳定性分析[J].铁道勘察,2004,4:72~75
[34]周伟义,李军生,赵明华等.潭邵高速公路岩溶及采空区路基稳定性评价及治理对策[J].公路,3002,1:21~24
[35]李满囤.太古公路采空区路桥稳定性分析及其治理方案[J].重庆交通学院学报,2000, 9:84~86
[36]余学义,施文刚.地表剩余沉陷的预计方法[J].西安科技学院学报,1996,3:34~36
[37]朱宜生,刘松玉,童立元.高速公路下伏富水多层采空区注浆处理技术研究[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2003,12:35~38
[38]于学馥等编著.岩石力学新概念与开挖结构优化设计[M].北京:科学出版社,1995
[39]郭广礼,何国清.部分开采老采空区覆岩稳定性分析[J.矿山压力与顶板管理,2003(3): 70~73
[40]朱珍德,邢福东.地下水对泥板岩强度软化的损伤力学分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,7
[41]雷云生.采空区上部地表变形区塌陷研究[J].铜业工程,2002(3):53~55
[42]姚清华.采空区围岩稳定性分析[J].江西铜业工程,1995(2):10~22
[43]郭立.深部开采岩爆的研究机理及其岩爆预测[M].中南大学博士学位论文,2004
[44]郑营,郭立稳,毕作枝.浅析采空区的破坏机理与处理方法[J].矿业工程,2008,8(4): 32~34
[45]杨选民.陕西渭北煤田地表塌陷规律及治理对策[J].煤矿环境保护,1993,10(5):29~32
[46]郭志.岩体变形和破坏机制[M].岩体工程地质论文集,北京:地质出版社1985
[47]史培军.中国自然灾害、减灾建设与可持续发展[J].自然资源学报,1995,10(3):267~268
[48]刘景凡,石忠旭.矿区环境质量模糊综合评价级别法及其应用[J].青岛建筑工程学院学报,2002,23(2):31~34
[49]陈锦灿.确定安全评价等级的方法一模糊综合评判法[J].劳动保护科学技术,1996, 16(2):38~40
[50]陈锦灿.安全评价指标因素权重法[J].劳动保护科学技术,1995(2):10~12
[51]张跃,邹寿平等编著.模糊数学方法及其应用[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1991
[52]苏永华,方祖烈.大型地下采空区稳定可靠性分析建模方法探讨[J].中国矿业,1998, 7(4):69~72
[53]段瑜.地下采空区灾害危险度的模糊综合评价[D].中南大学,2005