高速动车组网侧变流器研究
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摘要
随着高速铁路的快速发展,对高速动车组相关技术的研究得到了越来越多的关注。网侧变流器作为高速列车牵引系统的重要组成部分,是减少铁路电网谐波污染,高速列车稳定安全运行的重要保证。因此,有必要对高速动车组网侧变流技术进行深入的研究。
高速动车组网侧变流器采用的是具有高功率因数、低谐波污染的四象限PWM整流器,主电路结构有三电平和两重两电平两种整流电路结构。本文以单相三电平整流电路与单相两重两电平整流电路为研究对象,分析研究了瞬态电流与预测电流控制两种不同控制方法在两种整流电路中的应用。
首先分析了单相两重两电平变流器与单相三电平变流器的工作原理与工作模式,并建立了相应的数学模型。分析了网侧变流器的几种控制策略,重点研究了瞬态电流与预测电流控制策略。针对三电平整流器,研究了中点电压平衡法,通过中点平衡控制保证了三电平整流器良好的工作性能。针对两重两电平整流器,研究了两电平整流器两重化的载波移相法,通过载波移相减少了变压器一次侧谐波电流。通过分析整流电路中一些重要参数对整流器性能的影响,确定了交流电感、直流电容及滤波电路满足动态响应与稳态误差性能指标的参数选择范围。
基于MATLAB/SIMULINK仿真软件平台,分别建立了基于瞬态电流与预测电流控制的两种整流器的仿真模型,并在牵引工况、牵引与再生工况之间的切换及网压波动情况下对模型进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明：预测电流控制具有良好的动态响应与稳态性能等优点,与瞬态电流控制一样适用于大功率交流传动场合；在牵引工况、再生工况及网压波动下,两重两电平整流与三电平整流都具有功率因数高、直流电压稳定的特点,并且能实现工况间平稳的切换；三电平整流输入电流谐波小,开关应力小,但是需要保持中点电压平衡,控制相对复杂；两重两电平整流控制相对简单,等效开关频率高,输出容量大,但是输入电流谐波较大。
With the rapid development of railway, research on technology related high-speed is gaining more and more attention. As an important component of the traction system of the high-speed EMU, Network-side converter is important guarantee for reducing the harmonic pollution on railway power grid and stable and safe operation of high-speed train. Therefore, it is necessary to indepthly study network-side converter of high-speed train.
High Speed Network-side converter uses the four-quadrant PWM rectifier with high power factor and low harmonic pollution, which uses mainly three-level and two-level Rectification technology. In this paper,the single-phase three-level and two-level four-quadrant rectifier was used as the research object, with the analysis and research of transient current and predictive control of two different control methods in the two rectification application.
Firstly, this paper introduced the single-phase three-level rectifier and the two single-phase rectifier with the working principle,operating mode, and the establishment of the mathematical model.Secondly, this paper introduced several control strategy applied pulse rectifier, and researched mainly the transient current and predictive control, and analysised SPWM modulation techniques used in the two rectifiers.The mid-point balancing methods used in three-level rectifier was described, which ensures the three-level rectifier good work performance. Simultaneously, this paper analysis the carrier phase shifting method of duplicate rectifier, which descreases current harmonic distortion rates in the transformer primary side. The effects of some of important parameters in rectification was introducted and the parameters of AC inductors, DC capacitors and DC filter meeting the steady state performance and dynamic response was obtained by theoretical analysis.
The simulation model of the two rectification technology based on the transient current and predictive current control were established and analyzed by using the MATLAB/SIMULINK software.Through the analysis and comparison, The simulation results show that predictive controlling with good dynamic response, stable performance and simple structure can be also applied to high-power AC drive occasions as the transient current controlling. The two-level and three-level rectifier show high power factor, stable DC voltage and smooth switching between the traction and regeneration and grid voltage conditions. The three-level rectifier descreases current harmonic distortion rates and the switch stress is small, but need to balance the neutral-point voltage, and the system controlling is relatively complex; The two-level rectifier is relatively simple and effective switching frequency is high with the large output capacity. but it show higher current harmonics rates than the three-level rectifier.
高速动车组网侧变流器采用的是具有高功率因数、低谐波污染的四象限PWM整流器,主电路结构有三电平和两重两电平两种整流电路结构。本文以单相三电平整流电路与单相两重两电平整流电路为研究对象,分析研究了瞬态电流与预测电流控制两种不同控制方法在两种整流电路中的应用。
首先分析了单相两重两电平变流器与单相三电平变流器的工作原理与工作模式,并建立了相应的数学模型。分析了网侧变流器的几种控制策略,重点研究了瞬态电流与预测电流控制策略。针对三电平整流器,研究了中点电压平衡法,通过中点平衡控制保证了三电平整流器良好的工作性能。针对两重两电平整流器,研究了两电平整流器两重化的载波移相法,通过载波移相减少了变压器一次侧谐波电流。通过分析整流电路中一些重要参数对整流器性能的影响,确定了交流电感、直流电容及滤波电路满足动态响应与稳态误差性能指标的参数选择范围。
基于MATLAB/SIMULINK仿真软件平台,分别建立了基于瞬态电流与预测电流控制的两种整流器的仿真模型,并在牵引工况、牵引与再生工况之间的切换及网压波动情况下对模型进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明：预测电流控制具有良好的动态响应与稳态性能等优点,与瞬态电流控制一样适用于大功率交流传动场合；在牵引工况、再生工况及网压波动下,两重两电平整流与三电平整流都具有功率因数高、直流电压稳定的特点,并且能实现工况间平稳的切换；三电平整流输入电流谐波小,开关应力小,但是需要保持中点电压平衡,控制相对复杂；两重两电平整流控制相对简单,等效开关频率高,输出容量大,但是输入电流谐波较大。
With the rapid development of railway, research on technology related high-speed is gaining more and more attention. As an important component of the traction system of the high-speed EMU, Network-side converter is important guarantee for reducing the harmonic pollution on railway power grid and stable and safe operation of high-speed train. Therefore, it is necessary to indepthly study network-side converter of high-speed train.
High Speed Network-side converter uses the four-quadrant PWM rectifier with high power factor and low harmonic pollution, which uses mainly three-level and two-level Rectification technology. In this paper,the single-phase three-level and two-level four-quadrant rectifier was used as the research object, with the analysis and research of transient current and predictive control of two different control methods in the two rectification application.
Firstly, this paper introduced the single-phase three-level rectifier and the two single-phase rectifier with the working principle,operating mode, and the establishment of the mathematical model.Secondly, this paper introduced several control strategy applied pulse rectifier, and researched mainly the transient current and predictive control, and analysised SPWM modulation techniques used in the two rectifiers.The mid-point balancing methods used in three-level rectifier was described, which ensures the three-level rectifier good work performance. Simultaneously, this paper analysis the carrier phase shifting method of duplicate rectifier, which descreases current harmonic distortion rates in the transformer primary side. The effects of some of important parameters in rectification was introducted and the parameters of AC inductors, DC capacitors and DC filter meeting the steady state performance and dynamic response was obtained by theoretical analysis.
The simulation model of the two rectification technology based on the transient current and predictive current control were established and analyzed by using the MATLAB/SIMULINK software.Through the analysis and comparison, The simulation results show that predictive controlling with good dynamic response, stable performance and simple structure can be also applied to high-power AC drive occasions as the transient current controlling. The two-level and three-level rectifier show high power factor, stable DC voltage and smooth switching between the traction and regeneration and grid voltage conditions. The three-level rectifier descreases current harmonic distortion rates and the switch stress is small, but need to balance the neutral-point voltage, and the system controlling is relatively complex; The two-level rectifier is relatively simple and effective switching frequency is high with the large output capacity. but it show higher current harmonics rates than the three-level rectifier.
引文
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[2]冯江华.电力电子技术与铁路机车牵引动力的发展[J].变流技术与电力牵引,2006,2
[3]张兴.PWM整流器及其控制策略的研究[D],博士学位论文.
[4]Busse Alfred.Holtz Joachim.Multiloop control of a unity power factor fast switching AC to DC converter[J].Proc.Power Electr Specialist Conf.1982,171-179.
[5]Akagi H.Fujita H.A new power line conditioner for harmonic compersation in power systems[J].IEEE Trans Power Delivery.1995,10(3):1570-1575.
[6]Green AW,Boys J T,Gates G F.3-phase voltage sourced reversible rectifier[J].IEE proceedings 1988,6(B5):362-370.
[7]冷海滨,林忠岳,孙洪亮.新型PWM整流器研究[J].变频器世界.2006.2：39-43.
[8]谢晨.可逆PWM整流器及其控制策略研究[D],硕士学位论文.北京交通大学,2010,6
[9]张雪群.基于DSP单相可逆PWM整流器研究[D],硕士学位论文.广东工业大学,2008.5.
[10]Dixon J W,Kullcarni A B,Nishimato M.Ooi B T.Characteristics of a controlled-current PWM rectifier-inverter link[J].IEEE Trans Ind Appl.1987.IA-23:1022-1028.
[11]黄俊,王兆安.电力电子变流技术[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1995
[12]苏玉刚,陈渝光.电力电子技术.重庆：重庆大学出版社,2003.
[13]杨显进.CRH5牵引变流器的研究[D],硕士学位论文.西南交通大学,2009.5.
[14]李伟,张黎.两种PWM整流器控制方法的比较和仿真[J].吉林电力,2001(5)：36-38.
[15]屈莉莉,张波.PWM整流器控制技术的发展[J].电气应用,2007,(2)
[16]张崇巍,张兴.PWM整流器及其控制[M].北京：机械工业出版社.2003.10
[17]陶良慧.三点式四象限脉冲整流器控制策略研究[D],硕士学位论文.西南交通大学,2008.5.
[18]张玉成.单相电压型PWM整流器研究[D],硕士学位论文.华中科技大学,2007.2
[19]李晓翔.脉冲整流器在牵引变流器中的应用[D],硕士学位论文.西南交通大学,2010.5.
[20]宋文胜,刘志敏,冯小云.四象限变流器控制策略研究与仿真.电力机车与城轨车辆,2007.3.
[21]张军伟,王兵树,刘治安,王晨悦,李毅凯.单相电压型整流电路原理分析与仿真[J].现代电子技术,2009.8：186-189.
[22]Bor-Ren L.Analysis and Implementation of a Three-Level PWM Rectifier/Inverter[J].IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,2000,3(36).
[23]章志兵,张志学.单相三电平整流器控制方法及中点平衡的研究[J].机车电传动,2008.4
[24]李伟,张黎,马志文,郭晓燕.三电平网侧变流器预测电流控制及其与两电平变流器比较[J].中国铁道科学,2008.11.29(6)：77-80.
[25]Marian P.Kazmierkowski,Luigi Malesani.Current control techniques for three-phase voltage-source PWM converters[J] IEEE Trans Ind Electronics,1998.45(5).691-703.
[26]刘海舰,李南,高艳霞.电压型PWM整流器控制策略的研究[J].电气传动自动化,2007,6：12-14.
[27]邹仁.四象限变流器瞬态电流控制的仿真研究[J].机车电传动,2003(6)
[28]Yasuyuki Nishida,Osamu Miyashita,etal.A Predictive Instantaneous Current PWM Controlled Rectifier with AC-Side Harmonic Current Reduction[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,1997,3 (44).337-343.
[29]宋文胜,葛兴来,冯晓云.基于预测电流控制的三电平四象限变流器研究.电气传动,2008,4：55-58.
[30]李伟,张黎.交-直-交传动系统网侧变流器预测电流控制方法的计算机仿真及实现[J].中国铁道科学,2002.23(6)：49-54.
[31]Rusong Wu,S.B.Dewan,G.R.Slemon. Analysis of a PWM AC TO DC voltage source converterunder predicted current control with fixed switching frequency [J].Digital Object Identifier.1990,3:287-294.
[32]Wu R.Dewan S B,Slemon G B.A PWM AC-TO-DC converter with fixed switching frequency[J].IEEE Trans Ind Appl,1990.26:880-885.
[33]Zhong-Chao zhang.Boon-Teck Ooi.Multimodular current-source SPWM converters for superconducting a magnetic energy storage system[J].IEEE Trans Power Electronic,1993,8(3):250-255.
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