基于ARM的电火花线切割机数控系统研究
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摘要
随着嵌入式技术的发展,嵌入式系统在工业生产中得到广泛应用。近年来,嵌入式系统逐渐出现在作为工业生产重要力量的数控机床上。本文通过对基于ARM的数控电火花线切割系统的控制要求进行分析,构建了电火花线切割系统总体软硬件框架,对各部分具体模块及其系统(控制)软件的设计和实现进行了分析与说明。
本文首先结合数控电火花线切割系统的功能要求,选择了Windows CE.net操作系统与基于ARM9的硬件平台,并对系统进行了配置、剪裁,确定了操作系统的定制和移植工作,对硬件平台的各组成部分进行了结构分析和功能描述。
课题研究和讨论了数控系统插补算法,对数控电火花线切割系统的轨迹控制和进给运动控制的实现做了分析。采用了改进型的逐点比较法的插补方法实现电火花线切割机床的直线运动和圆弧运动的控制;同时结合步进电机矩频特性采用曲线加减速控制的方法实现步进电机的自动升降速控制。
在对电火花线切割的脉冲电源进行设计时,分析了脉冲电源的设计要求和设计思路,利用可编程逻辑器件构成的脉冲波形发生器实现了可变频率、可变占空比的脉冲电源设计。
在系统软件的实现过程中,主要分析了数控电火花线切割机系统软件的总体结构,采用前后台型结构对程序进行调度和管理;进行了嵌入式图形界面设计,完成了键盘功能模块的设计任务,实现了对加工程序编译的目标,分析了其他功能模块的实现方法。
本文最后对课题所做的工作进行了总结,并对课题进行了展望,提出了在电火花线切割系统研究过程中出现的一些有待解决的问题和有意义的改进意见。
With the development of embedded technology, embedded systems are widely used in industrial production. In recent years, embedded systems are emerging in Numerical Control (NC) machine tools as major force of industrial production. In this paper, by analyzing on ARM-based Wire cut Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM)system control requirements of NC, overall hardware and software of system framework is constructed , and each of the specific modules of system control software design and implementation is analyzed and explained.
In this paper, Windows CE.net operating system and ARM9 hardware platform is selected as WEDM system according to functional requirements. The job of configuration and tailoring for this platform, and the work methods of the operating system customization and migration are all determined. To various components of the hardware platform, structural is analyzed and function is described.
To research and discuss NC interpolation algorithm trajectory control and feed the realization of motion control for WEDM system is analyzed. Using an improved by-point comparison of the interpolation method trajectory control of linear motion and circular motion for WEDN is achieved. And with stepper motor torque-frequency characteristic curve acceleration and deceleration control method is adopted for automatic lifting speed control.
To design WEDM pulse power, the pulsed power supply design requirements and ideas is analyzed, scheduling and management of procedures use the structure named before after type, and pulse wave form generator constituted by a programmable logic device is used to achieve a design of power supply with variable-frequency pulse and variable duty cycle, the implementation method of other functional modules is analyzed.
In process of the system software’s implementation, the overall system software architecture is analyzed, embedded graphical user interface design is completed, keyboard module design task is finished and the goal of compiling processing is achieved.
Finally, the job for finishing the topic is summarized, Issues to be resolved and significant improvements is exposed in the process of researching WEDM system.
本文首先结合数控电火花线切割系统的功能要求,选择了Windows CE.net操作系统与基于ARM9的硬件平台,并对系统进行了配置、剪裁,确定了操作系统的定制和移植工作,对硬件平台的各组成部分进行了结构分析和功能描述。
课题研究和讨论了数控系统插补算法,对数控电火花线切割系统的轨迹控制和进给运动控制的实现做了分析。采用了改进型的逐点比较法的插补方法实现电火花线切割机床的直线运动和圆弧运动的控制;同时结合步进电机矩频特性采用曲线加减速控制的方法实现步进电机的自动升降速控制。
在对电火花线切割的脉冲电源进行设计时,分析了脉冲电源的设计要求和设计思路,利用可编程逻辑器件构成的脉冲波形发生器实现了可变频率、可变占空比的脉冲电源设计。
在系统软件的实现过程中,主要分析了数控电火花线切割机系统软件的总体结构,采用前后台型结构对程序进行调度和管理;进行了嵌入式图形界面设计,完成了键盘功能模块的设计任务,实现了对加工程序编译的目标,分析了其他功能模块的实现方法。
本文最后对课题所做的工作进行了总结,并对课题进行了展望,提出了在电火花线切割系统研究过程中出现的一些有待解决的问题和有意义的改进意见。
With the development of embedded technology, embedded systems are widely used in industrial production. In recent years, embedded systems are emerging in Numerical Control (NC) machine tools as major force of industrial production. In this paper, by analyzing on ARM-based Wire cut Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM)system control requirements of NC, overall hardware and software of system framework is constructed , and each of the specific modules of system control software design and implementation is analyzed and explained.
In this paper, Windows CE.net operating system and ARM9 hardware platform is selected as WEDM system according to functional requirements. The job of configuration and tailoring for this platform, and the work methods of the operating system customization and migration are all determined. To various components of the hardware platform, structural is analyzed and function is described.
To research and discuss NC interpolation algorithm trajectory control and feed the realization of motion control for WEDM system is analyzed. Using an improved by-point comparison of the interpolation method trajectory control of linear motion and circular motion for WEDN is achieved. And with stepper motor torque-frequency characteristic curve acceleration and deceleration control method is adopted for automatic lifting speed control.
To design WEDM pulse power, the pulsed power supply design requirements and ideas is analyzed, scheduling and management of procedures use the structure named before after type, and pulse wave form generator constituted by a programmable logic device is used to achieve a design of power supply with variable-frequency pulse and variable duty cycle, the implementation method of other functional modules is analyzed.
In process of the system software’s implementation, the overall system software architecture is analyzed, embedded graphical user interface design is completed, keyboard module design task is finished and the goal of compiling processing is achieved.
Finally, the job for finishing the topic is summarized, Issues to be resolved and significant improvements is exposed in the process of researching WEDM system.
引文
[1]曹祥瑞,周燕飞,张兴华,等.现代航空制造技术基础.西安:西北工业大学出版社,2004,2:1～10.
[2] Prof.M.Week,Dip-Ing.J.Wolf, A standard providing data for modem NC machining enabling enhanced functionality[J].Laboratory for Machine Tools and Production, February 12th,2003:23～30.
[3]周恒林.基于嵌入式技术的数控加工远程视频监测系统,(硕士学位论文).武汉:武汉理工大学,2007.
[4]谭跃.基于ARM9的嵌入式数控磨削系统的研究:(硕士学位论文).广州:中山大学,2007.
[5]吴国伟,毕玲,陈庆.嵌入式操作系统原理及应用开发[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2007,3:25～26.
[6]孙芒,王治森,等.基于ARM和Windows CE的嵌入式数控系统的研究.西安:工业仪表与自动化装置.2007.6:18～22.
[7] ARM Limited. ARM Developer Suite (Version 1.2),Assembler Guide. ARM DUI 0068A,2000.
[8]张景璐,杜辉,吴友兰.ARM9嵌入式系统设计与应用案例.北京:中国电力出版社,2008,2:23～29.
[9] Samsung Electronic Co.LDT.S3C2410A 200MHz & 266MHZ 32Bit RISC Microprocessor manual,Revisionl.0[EB/OL].http://www.samsung.com/products/semiconductor/MobileSoC /App-licationProcessor/ARM9Series/S3c2410.htm.March,2004.
[10] ARM9-2410用户手册.飞凌嵌入式技术有限公司,2008:34～42.
[11]三恒星科技. ARM9应用实例.北京:电子工业出版社,2007.11:40～42.
[12]李大为.Windows CE工程实践完全解析.北京:中国电力出版社,2008.10:47～50.
[13]李庆城等.嵌入式操作系统实时性比对评价[J].北京:单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2007.6:18～21.
[14]张东泉,谭南林,王雪梅等. Windows CE实用开发技术.北京:电子工业出版社,2006.1:30～32.
[15] Douglas Boling.Programming Microsoft Windows CE.NET,Third Edition.Microsoft press,2003.
[16] Paul Yao, Application Development Landscape for Windows CE.NET, http://msdn.microsoft. com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/dncenet/html/apdvlscape.asp.
[17]李恩林.插补原理.北京:机械工业出版社,1984:75～80.
[18]白清华,等.数字积分法圆弧插补的VC实现.广州:机床与液压,2006(7):219～220.
[19]高海涛.基于单片机的新型逐点比较直线插补法设计.广东:现代电子技术.2009.2:123～125.
[20]李长有,卢宝生.对逐点比较插补方法的改进.辽宁:组合机床与自动化技术.1996.5:32～39.
[21]汤志斌,唐小绮,等.数控高速度高精度运动控制方法的研究.北京:制造技术与机床.2003.3:32～35.
[22]廖裕评等.CPLD数字电路设计——使用MAX + plus II.北京:清华大学出版社.2001,10:25～30.
[23]周毓林,宁杨,陆贵强,等. Windows CE.net内核定制及应用开发.北京:电子工业出版社,2005:88～90.
[24]汪兵,李存斌,陈鹏等. EVC高级编程及其应用开发.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005:20～21.
[25]范剑,潘建峰,白建华.全软件数控系统实时控制研究.北京:制造技术与机床,2007.5:45～48.
[26]严爱珍,李宏胜.数控原理与系统.北京:机械工业出版社,1999:208～209.
[27]胡朝斌,王治森等.基于Windows CE的数控系统中断控制.湖北:中国机械工程第16卷,第9期.2005.5:761～764.
[28] Eric Butow. User Interface Design for Mere Mortals [M]. Pearson Education. Inc,publishing as Sun Microsystems,Inc.2005,6.
[29]韦朴,陈泰生. Visual C++通用开发金典.北京:电子工业出版社,2008,6:123～125.
[2] Prof.M.Week,Dip-Ing.J.Wolf, A standard providing data for modem NC machining enabling enhanced functionality[J].Laboratory for Machine Tools and Production, February 12th,2003:23～30.
[3]周恒林.基于嵌入式技术的数控加工远程视频监测系统,(硕士学位论文).武汉:武汉理工大学,2007.
[4]谭跃.基于ARM9的嵌入式数控磨削系统的研究:(硕士学位论文).广州:中山大学,2007.
[5]吴国伟,毕玲,陈庆.嵌入式操作系统原理及应用开发[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2007,3:25～26.
[6]孙芒,王治森,等.基于ARM和Windows CE的嵌入式数控系统的研究.西安:工业仪表与自动化装置.2007.6:18～22.
[7] ARM Limited. ARM Developer Suite (Version 1.2),Assembler Guide. ARM DUI 0068A,2000.
[8]张景璐,杜辉,吴友兰.ARM9嵌入式系统设计与应用案例.北京:中国电力出版社,2008,2:23～29.
[9] Samsung Electronic Co.LDT.S3C2410A 200MHz & 266MHZ 32Bit RISC Microprocessor manual,Revisionl.0[EB/OL].http://www.samsung.com/products/semiconductor/MobileSoC /App-licationProcessor/ARM9Series/S3c2410.htm.March,2004.
[10] ARM9-2410用户手册.飞凌嵌入式技术有限公司,2008:34～42.
[11]三恒星科技. ARM9应用实例.北京:电子工业出版社,2007.11:40～42.
[12]李大为.Windows CE工程实践完全解析.北京:中国电力出版社,2008.10:47～50.
[13]李庆城等.嵌入式操作系统实时性比对评价[J].北京:单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2007.6:18～21.
[14]张东泉,谭南林,王雪梅等. Windows CE实用开发技术.北京:电子工业出版社,2006.1:30～32.
[15] Douglas Boling.Programming Microsoft Windows CE.NET,Third Edition.Microsoft press,2003.
[16] Paul Yao, Application Development Landscape for Windows CE.NET, http://msdn.microsoft. com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/dncenet/html/apdvlscape.asp.
[17]李恩林.插补原理.北京:机械工业出版社,1984:75～80.
[18]白清华,等.数字积分法圆弧插补的VC实现.广州:机床与液压,2006(7):219～220.
[19]高海涛.基于单片机的新型逐点比较直线插补法设计.广东:现代电子技术.2009.2:123～125.
[20]李长有,卢宝生.对逐点比较插补方法的改进.辽宁:组合机床与自动化技术.1996.5:32～39.
[21]汤志斌,唐小绮,等.数控高速度高精度运动控制方法的研究.北京:制造技术与机床.2003.3:32～35.
[22]廖裕评等.CPLD数字电路设计——使用MAX + plus II.北京:清华大学出版社.2001,10:25～30.
[23]周毓林,宁杨,陆贵强,等. Windows CE.net内核定制及应用开发.北京:电子工业出版社,2005:88～90.
[24]汪兵,李存斌,陈鹏等. EVC高级编程及其应用开发.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005:20～21.
[25]范剑,潘建峰,白建华.全软件数控系统实时控制研究.北京:制造技术与机床,2007.5:45～48.
[26]严爱珍,李宏胜.数控原理与系统.北京:机械工业出版社,1999:208～209.
[27]胡朝斌,王治森等.基于Windows CE的数控系统中断控制.湖北:中国机械工程第16卷,第9期.2005.5:761～764.
[28] Eric Butow. User Interface Design for Mere Mortals [M]. Pearson Education. Inc,publishing as Sun Microsystems,Inc.2005,6.
[29]韦朴,陈泰生. Visual C++通用开发金典.北京:电子工业出版社,2008,6:123～125.