CSAMT法在深埋长大隧道勘察中的应用与研究
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摘要
深埋长大隧道的工程地质宏观预测仍然是当今世界各国工程界亟待解决的重大科研课题。可控源音频大地电磁测深(CSAMT)法具有探测深度大,不受高阻层屏蔽,横向分辨率高,可灵敏地发现断层,抗干扰能力强,工作效率高,工作成本低廉和野外装备较轻便等特点,因此CSAMT法在工程勘察中得以广泛的应用。
论文结合磨刀石隧道和韩信岭隧道,开展了CSAMT法在深埋长大隧道勘察中的应用与研究。对深埋长大隧道的地层岩性、地质构造、赋水情况进行了成功的解释,结合区域地质资料,划分了隧道围岩级别,为隧道的设计、施工提供了科学的依据。减少了钻探和山地工作量,缩短了勘察周期,降低了成本,一定程度上填补了难以进行钻探工作地段的地质“空白”。
论文同时分析总结静态效应的影响因素有：静态体的埋深、横向宽度、厚度、电阻率以及电场测量偶极长度。静态效应校正的方法主要有：空间滤波法、时频分离与压制、静校正相位法、利用磁场实测数据作静校正、联合反演法、二维正演模拟法、直接二维反演法、电磁列阵剖面法(EMAP)。根据实际勘察目标,确定了收发距和工作频率对CSAMT法的影响。
通过分析和结合CSAMT法在磨刀石隧道和韩信岭隧道的应用,得到如下结论：
1.必须根据勘探目标,适当选择收发距离和频率。
2.探测深部的大目标,应该选择较大的MN,而对于较浅部的小地质目标,MN应选择小一些。
3. CSAMT法能够比较准确地判断地层岩性、地质构造、以及地下水赋存情况。
4. CSAMT法对浅层的分辨能力较差。
Deep and long Tunnel Engineering Geology macro forecast is still urgent to solve as a major topic research in the engineering world today.Controlled Source Audio-frequency Magnetotelluric(CSAMT) has the detection depth,not high resistance layer of shielding,the high horizontal resolution can be sensitive to find fault,anti-interference ability,high efficiency,low cost of work and field equipment,lighter, etc.,so the method of CSAMT can be widely used in engineering Exploration.
This thesis combined the Mo Daoshi and Han Xinling tunnel,carried out CSAMT research and application in the detection of deep and long tunnel.Successfully explained the lithology,geological structure,the water situation of the deep and long tunnel,combined with regional geological data,divided the tunnel level,for the tunnel design and construction provid the basis.Reduced drilling and mountain workload, reduced inspection cycle,to a certain extent,reduced the cost to fill the difficult geological drilling site blank.
This thesis also analyzed and summarized the effects of static factors:static body buried depth,horizontal width,thickness and resistivity and and the length of the dipole electric measurement.The method of correction mainly has:spatial filtering, time-frequency separation and repression,static correction phase method,using magnetic phase measurement data for static correction,joint inversion,2D modeling simulation,direct 2D inversion,EMAP.Based on actual survey objectives,determined the distance and the transceiver operating frequency of CSAMT.
By analyzed and combined CSAMT in the application of Mo Daoshi and HanXinLing tunnel,We have the following conclusions:
1.Based on exploration targets, appropriately choose the communication distance and frequency.
2.Probing deep goals, should choose the larger MN, while the Ministry for the small shallow geological targets, MN should choose smaller.
3. CSAMT method can accurately judge strati graphical lithology, geological structure and groundwater storage conditions.
4.CSAMT is bad to the shallow layer resolution.
论文结合磨刀石隧道和韩信岭隧道,开展了CSAMT法在深埋长大隧道勘察中的应用与研究。对深埋长大隧道的地层岩性、地质构造、赋水情况进行了成功的解释,结合区域地质资料,划分了隧道围岩级别,为隧道的设计、施工提供了科学的依据。减少了钻探和山地工作量,缩短了勘察周期,降低了成本,一定程度上填补了难以进行钻探工作地段的地质“空白”。
论文同时分析总结静态效应的影响因素有：静态体的埋深、横向宽度、厚度、电阻率以及电场测量偶极长度。静态效应校正的方法主要有：空间滤波法、时频分离与压制、静校正相位法、利用磁场实测数据作静校正、联合反演法、二维正演模拟法、直接二维反演法、电磁列阵剖面法(EMAP)。根据实际勘察目标,确定了收发距和工作频率对CSAMT法的影响。
通过分析和结合CSAMT法在磨刀石隧道和韩信岭隧道的应用,得到如下结论：
1.必须根据勘探目标,适当选择收发距离和频率。
2.探测深部的大目标,应该选择较大的MN,而对于较浅部的小地质目标,MN应选择小一些。
3. CSAMT法能够比较准确地判断地层岩性、地质构造、以及地下水赋存情况。
4. CSAMT法对浅层的分辨能力较差。
Deep and long Tunnel Engineering Geology macro forecast is still urgent to solve as a major topic research in the engineering world today.Controlled Source Audio-frequency Magnetotelluric(CSAMT) has the detection depth,not high resistance layer of shielding,the high horizontal resolution can be sensitive to find fault,anti-interference ability,high efficiency,low cost of work and field equipment,lighter, etc.,so the method of CSAMT can be widely used in engineering Exploration.
This thesis combined the Mo Daoshi and Han Xinling tunnel,carried out CSAMT research and application in the detection of deep and long tunnel.Successfully explained the lithology,geological structure,the water situation of the deep and long tunnel,combined with regional geological data,divided the tunnel level,for the tunnel design and construction provid the basis.Reduced drilling and mountain workload, reduced inspection cycle,to a certain extent,reduced the cost to fill the difficult geological drilling site blank.
This thesis also analyzed and summarized the effects of static factors:static body buried depth,horizontal width,thickness and resistivity and and the length of the dipole electric measurement.The method of correction mainly has:spatial filtering, time-frequency separation and repression,static correction phase method,using magnetic phase measurement data for static correction,joint inversion,2D modeling simulation,direct 2D inversion,EMAP.Based on actual survey objectives,determined the distance and the transceiver operating frequency of CSAMT.
By analyzed and combined CSAMT in the application of Mo Daoshi and HanXinLing tunnel,We have the following conclusions:
1.Based on exploration targets, appropriately choose the communication distance and frequency.
2.Probing deep goals, should choose the larger MN, while the Ministry for the small shallow geological targets, MN should choose smaller.
3. CSAMT method can accurately judge strati graphical lithology, geological structure and groundwater storage conditions.
4.CSAMT is bad to the shallow layer resolution.
引文
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[3]陈仲候等.工程与环境物探教程[M].北京：地质出版社.1993
[4]底青云,王若等.可控源音频大地电磁数据正反演及方法应用[M].北京：科学出版社,2008
[5]李金铭.地电场与电法勘探[M].北京：地质出版社,2005
[6]石昆法.可控源音频大地电磁法理论与应用[M].北京：科学出版社,1999
[7]陈乐寿,王光锷.大地电磁测深法[M].北京：地质出版社,2000
[8]孙鸿雁.可控源音频大地电磁法地形影响及校正方法的对比研究与应用[D].中国地质大学博士学位论文.2004
[9]傅良魁,李金铭.电法勘探教程[M].北京.地质出版社.1980
[10]蒋伟宏,蒋正红.高密度电阻率法在隧道洞身病害探测中的应用[J].中国工程地球物理检测技术(2001).北京：地震出版社,2001
[11]底青云,伍法权等.南水北调西线一期工程地球物理勘察工作报告[J].中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,2003
[12]张赛珍,王庆乙,罗延钟.中国电法勘探发展概况[J].地球物理学报,1994,37(1)
[13]李金都,王学潮.南水北调西线工程区活动断层CSAMT技术勘测研究[J].岩土力学与工程学报,2004,23(17)
[14]何继善编译.可控源音频大地电磁法[M].长沙：中南工业大学出版社,1990
[]5]刘延忠等.可控源音频大地电磁法应用于地热资源的勘查[J].中国大陆地球深部结构与动力学研究—庆贺腾吉文院士从事地球物理50周年.北京：科学出版社,2004
[16]何裕盛.地下动态导体的充电法探测[M].北京：地质出版社,2001
[17]刘振铎等.磁偶源频率测深法[M].北京：地质出版社,1985
[18]石应骏等.大地电磁测深法教程[M].北京：地震出版社,1985
[19]晋光文.大地电磁资料的灵敏度研究[J].地球物理学报,1991,(04).
[20]朴化荣.电磁测深法原理[M].北京：地质出版社,1990
[21]许广春,习铁宏,段洪芳.可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)在隧道勘察中的应用[J].工程勘察,2008,(06).
[22]邓洪亮,谢向文,陈玲.CSAMT法探测深长埋隧洞中隐伏断层的技术应用[J].南水北调与水利科技,2007,(02).
[23]蒋邦远.近区实用磁源瞬变电磁法勘探[M].北京.地质出版社.1998
[24]何继善.电法勘探的发展和展望[J].地球物理学报,1997,(S1).
[25]刘国栋.我国大地电磁测深的发展[J].地球物理学报,1994,(S1).
[26]黄磊.CSAMT中的IP效应提取[D].中南大学,2009.
[27]何梅兴.可控源音频大地电磁二维OCCAM反演研究[D].中国地质大学,2009.
[28]赵虎.物探技术在川内高速公路深埋隧道勘查中的应用研究[D].成都理工大学,2008.
[29]尚通晓.双极源CSAMT一维全区反演[D].吉林大学,2008.
[30]龚强.CSAMT二维正演研究[D].中国地质大学,2007.
[31]张志厚.CSAMT数据处理反演解释系统的实现[D].吉林大学,2007.
[32]陈辉.可控源音频大地电磁法静态效应校正技术及其方法研究[D].中国地质大学(北京),2007.
[33]侯云廷.隧道地质调查中综合物探方法的应用研究[D].中国地质大学(北京),2006.
[34]王勇.基于遗传算法的CSAMT反演研究与应用[D].中国地质大学(北京),2006.
[35]黄兆辉.CSAMT方法中静态问题及其相关反演研究[D].中国地质大学(北京),2006.
[36]樊战军,卿敏,于爱军,李文良,徐德利,陈孝强,吕喜旺.EH4电磁成像系统在金矿勘查中的应用[A].勘探地球物理2007年学术交流会论文集[C],2007.
[37]顾汉明,胡祥云,张可倪.可控音频电磁法在深埋隧道不良地质体勘察中的应用[A].第二届环境与工程地球物理国际会议论文集[C],2006.
[38]吴璐苹,石昆法等.可控源音频大地电磁法在地下水勘查中的应用研究[J].地球物理学报,1996.
[39]Research and Application of Groundwater Geophysical Exploration on Drinking Water-born Endemic Fluorosis Area [A]. Abstracts of the 19th International Workshop on Electromagnetic Induction in the Earth (Volume 1) [C],2008.
[40]BASOKUR A.T.RASMUSSEN.KAYA TM,et al.Comparison of induced-polarization and controlled-source audio-magnetotelluric methods for massive chalcopyrite exploration [J]. Geophysics,1982,47(1).
[41]WANNAMAKER P.E.Tensor CSAMT survey over the Ulphur springs thermal Valles Caldera, New Mexico,USA,part Ⅱ:implications for CSAMT technology [J].Geophysics,1997,62 (2).
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