超高层建筑风致振动及舒适度研究
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摘要
近年来,随着我国经济飞速发展,科技进步以及人口的不断增长,导致我国超高层建筑在近十多年得到了高速的增长。超高层建筑属于柔性结构,风致响应会比较大。所以结构的风效应逐步成为控制超高层建筑安全性、舒适性和经济性的主要影响因素之一。进行超高层建筑结构风效应以及舒适度的研究是解决这一因素的有效途径。本文以广州尚东瀚宇雅苑超高层住宅建筑结构风洞试验为工程背景,通过风洞试验与计算分析相结合的方法,进行了楼层等效风荷载、风致振动及舒适度研究,得到了有一定工程意义的结论。本文的主要内容如下：
首先在高频动态天平基础上,对广州尚东瀚宇雅苑超高层住宅的三维风荷载进行了研究,将不同方向风荷载的特点以及风向对风荷载的影响进行了对比和分析。在此基础上,计算出个风向风荷载作用下的等效静风荷载。最后引入灵敏度的概念,计算在等效静风荷载和顶层最大加速度二者随不同实验因子变化的变化情况,找出对应的规律。通过灵敏度的研究,分析高频动态天平试验获得的数据的稳定性。
其次,本文在刚性模型测压试验的基础上获得风压时程数据。并根据本试验对象的特点推导出适合本试验对象将风压时程转化为楼层风荷载时程的计算方法。然后通过运用大型有限元分析软件ANSYS建立本试验对象简化后的有限元模型,并进行等效静风荷载静力分析及风荷载时程分析,计算出位移响应及加速度响应。
再次,通过对静力分析和时程分析计算获得的位移响应的比较,综合的对尚东翰御住宅建筑的侧移是否满足我国规范的限制进行判定。
最后,结合试验与模拟计算得到顶层加速度响应,对本试验对象的风振舒适度进行研究评价,为该建筑结构的设计提供有用的设计依据。
In recent years, with the rapid development of economy,and population growing in China, super-high buildings are growing with high speed in recent decade. Super-high buildings belong to flexible structure, wind-induced responses will be relatively large. So the structure of wind effect gradually becomes the main governing factor of safety, comfort and the economy of super-tall building. For tall building wind effects and comfort research is the only way to settle this factor. Taking guangzhou ShangDong HanYu YaYuan super-high residential building structure for engineering background, this thesis contain wind tunnel pressure test on rigid models and high-frequency dynamic balance test, and the finite element analysis. It combines with testing and computer simulation, in order to calculate the static load, do wind vibration research and comfort research.Several useful conclusions are drawn. The main content of this thesis is as follows:
firstly based on high-frequency dynamic balance test of ShangDong Hanyu YaYuan super-high residential building, three-dimensional dynamic wind load is studied, and obtains the wind load of the characteristics of different direction and the influence of wind induced wind load on the contrast and analysis. After that, calculate the static equivalent wind load on this basis. In the other hand, by introducing the concept of sensitivity, the change of the static equivalent wind load and top maximum acceleration is calculated while the experimental factor changed. Through the analysis of the sensitivity, the stability of high-frequency dynamic balance test can be seen.
Secondly, through wind tunnel pressure test on rigid models wind pressure time-histories data are obtained. And we can infer the method of calculating the wind load time-histories data. Then by using ANSYS, displacement and acceleration responses are calculated.
Again, through comparing the results of static analysis and time history analysis of the displacement response,checking out that if the result is fit the code or not.
Finally, with the test and software simulation to the top of the acceleration response of this test object wind vibration comfort evaluation is given, and the conclusion can be used to provide useful structure design suggestions.
首先在高频动态天平基础上,对广州尚东瀚宇雅苑超高层住宅的三维风荷载进行了研究,将不同方向风荷载的特点以及风向对风荷载的影响进行了对比和分析。在此基础上,计算出个风向风荷载作用下的等效静风荷载。最后引入灵敏度的概念,计算在等效静风荷载和顶层最大加速度二者随不同实验因子变化的变化情况,找出对应的规律。通过灵敏度的研究,分析高频动态天平试验获得的数据的稳定性。
其次,本文在刚性模型测压试验的基础上获得风压时程数据。并根据本试验对象的特点推导出适合本试验对象将风压时程转化为楼层风荷载时程的计算方法。然后通过运用大型有限元分析软件ANSYS建立本试验对象简化后的有限元模型,并进行等效静风荷载静力分析及风荷载时程分析,计算出位移响应及加速度响应。
再次,通过对静力分析和时程分析计算获得的位移响应的比较,综合的对尚东翰御住宅建筑的侧移是否满足我国规范的限制进行判定。
最后,结合试验与模拟计算得到顶层加速度响应,对本试验对象的风振舒适度进行研究评价,为该建筑结构的设计提供有用的设计依据。
In recent years, with the rapid development of economy,and population growing in China, super-high buildings are growing with high speed in recent decade. Super-high buildings belong to flexible structure, wind-induced responses will be relatively large. So the structure of wind effect gradually becomes the main governing factor of safety, comfort and the economy of super-tall building. For tall building wind effects and comfort research is the only way to settle this factor. Taking guangzhou ShangDong HanYu YaYuan super-high residential building structure for engineering background, this thesis contain wind tunnel pressure test on rigid models and high-frequency dynamic balance test, and the finite element analysis. It combines with testing and computer simulation, in order to calculate the static load, do wind vibration research and comfort research.Several useful conclusions are drawn. The main content of this thesis is as follows:
firstly based on high-frequency dynamic balance test of ShangDong Hanyu YaYuan super-high residential building, three-dimensional dynamic wind load is studied, and obtains the wind load of the characteristics of different direction and the influence of wind induced wind load on the contrast and analysis. After that, calculate the static equivalent wind load on this basis. In the other hand, by introducing the concept of sensitivity, the change of the static equivalent wind load and top maximum acceleration is calculated while the experimental factor changed. Through the analysis of the sensitivity, the stability of high-frequency dynamic balance test can be seen.
Secondly, through wind tunnel pressure test on rigid models wind pressure time-histories data are obtained. And we can infer the method of calculating the wind load time-histories data. Then by using ANSYS, displacement and acceleration responses are calculated.
Again, through comparing the results of static analysis and time history analysis of the displacement response,checking out that if the result is fit the code or not.
Finally, with the test and software simulation to the top of the acceleration response of this test object wind vibration comfort evaluation is given, and the conclusion can be used to provide useful structure design suggestions.
引文
[1]董安正。高层建筑结构抗风可靠性分析[D]。大连理工大学博士论文,2002.
[2]董军,邓洪洲,刘学利.高层建筑脉动风荷载时程模拟的AR模型方法[J]。南京建筑工程学院学报,2000,第2期。
[3]葛楠,周锡元,侯爱波.有关高层建筑结构风荷载的比较分析[J]。特种结构,2006,23(1)。
[4]黄本才,汪从军。结构抗风分析原理及应用。上海：同济大学出版社,2001,1-422
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[6]Cermak, J. E, Wind-tunnel development and trends in applications to civil engineering .Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,2003, Vol.91:355-370.
[7]M. Kasperski, Specification of the design wind load based on wind tunnel experiments.Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2003,Vol.91:527-541.
[8]金伟良,宋志刚。振动人机工程学在结构工程中的应用。建筑科学,2002,18(2)：1-6
[9]张相庭。工程结构风荷载理论和抗风计算手册。上海：同济大学出版社,1997,33-37
[10]董安正,赵国藩。高层建筑结构舒适度可靠性分析。大连理工大学学报,2002,42(4)：472-476
[11]阳升。行走跳跃激励下大跨度楼面结构振动舒适度分析：[北京科技大学硕士学位论文]。北京：2007,7-8
[12]ChangFK.Wind and move ment in tall bulidings. Civil Engineering, ASCE,196737(8): 70-72
[13]ChangFK. Humanres Ponse to motion in tallbuildings. Journal of the Struetural Division, ASCE,1973,99(6):1259-127
[14]瞿伟廉,李桂青。自立式高耸结构抗风可靠性分析的改进方法.建筑结构学报,1988,9(5)：1-10
[15]梁枢果,瞿伟廉,李桂青。高层建筑与高耸结构抗风可靠性分析综述。武汉工业大学学报,1996,18(4)：48-52
[16]宋永发,常金鹏,王延龙。高层建筑的顺风向风振响应分析及舒适度研究。防灾减灾工程学报,2007,27(4)：484-487
[17]中华人民共和国建设部.高层建筑混凝土结构技术规程(JGJ3-2002)。北京：中国建 筑工业出版社,2002,30-32
[18]中华人民共和国建设部。高层民用建筑钢结构技术规程(JCxJ99-89)。北京：建筑工业出版社,1990,29-32
[19]Davenport A.G. The relationship of wind Structure to wind loading.In:Proc.of the symposium on wind effect on building and structures. London,1965,54-102
[20]Solari G.A Generalized Definition of Gust Factor. J. wind. Eng.Ind. Aerody.1990, 36:539-548
[21]Xiangting Zhang. Introduction and some observations on 2002 Chinese wind lo-ad code. In the International conference on wind engeering. U. S. A,2003,314-319
[22]张相庭,结构顺风向风振的规范表达式及有关问题的分析。建筑结构,2004,34(7)：33-35
[23]Yin Zhou,Tracy Kijewski,Ahsan Kareem.Along-wind load effects on tall building: Comparative study of major international codes and standards. Journal of structural engineering.2002,76:788-796
[24]Davenport A.G. How can we simplify and generalize wind loads. Journal of wind engineering and industrial aerodynamics,1995,54:657-669
[25]张相庭.结构风工程[M],中国建筑工业出版社,2006。
[26][美]R.克拉夫,J.彭津。结构动力学第二版(修订版)。高等教育出版社。
[27]Solari G.A Generalized Definition of Gust Factor. J. wind. Eng. Ind. Aerody.1990, 36:539-548
[28]李会知,关是,吴义章.建筑物风荷载测量技术与动态响应的研究.工程力学,2004,Vol.21(1)：143-147
[29]陈波,瞿伟廉。高耸电视塔的动力特性及风振反应分析。武汉理工大学学报。2004,Vol.26(2)：23-2
[30]埃米尔·希谬,罗伯特·H·斯坎伦.风对结构的作用——风工程导论。刘尚培,项海帆,谢霁明译。上海：同济大学出版社,1992.
[31]周淑贞,束炯。城市气候学。北京：气象出版社,1994.
[32]中华人民共和国建设部主编。中华人民共和国国家标准,建筑结构荷载规范(GB50009-2001)。北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2006。
[33]张亮亮,吴云芳,余洋等。高层建筑风荷载高频测力天平试验技术。重庆大学学报,2006,Vol.29(2)：99-102
[34]贺德馨等。风工程与工业空气动力学。北京：国防工业出版社,2006.
[35]张红星。高层建筑顺风向静力等效风荷载实用计算方法研究：[同济大学硕士学位论文]。上海：同济大学土木工程学院,2004,1-91
[36]徐安.用简化的瞬态测压方法研究高层建筑的风振响应及等效荷载。[硕士学位论文]。汕头：汕头大学,2003
[37]Yakhot V, Orszag S A. Renormalization group analysis of turbulence:basic theory [J]. Journal of Scientific Computing.1986,1(1).
[38]顾明,叶丰。典型超高层建筑风荷载频域特性研究。建筑结构学报,2006,Vol.27(1)：30-36.
[39]周印。高层建筑静力等效风荷载和响应的理论和实验研究[D]。同济大学博士论文,1998。
[40]A. Kareem, T.Kijewski and Y. Tamura. Mitigation of motion of tall buildings with recent applications. Wind and Structures.1999,2(3):201-251
[41]Vinokur M. An Analysis of Finite-difference and Finite-Volume formulations of Conservation Laws. NASA CR-177416.1986.
[42]J.Xie, RA.Irwin, APPlication of the for cebalance technique to a building complex, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamies,1998, Vol.77/78:579-590
[43]Kasperski, Niemann, The L.R.C. (load-response-correlation)-Method:A General Method of Estimating Unfavourable Wind Load Distributions for Linear and Non-linear Structural Behaviour. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 1992,Vol.41-44:1753-1763.
[44]J.D.Holmes, Along-wind response of lattice towers:part Ⅰ -derivation of expressions forresponse factors. Engineering Structures,1994,Vol.16:287-292.
[45]燕辉。杂体型高层建筑风荷载及风振响应研究。[博士学位论文]。杭州：浙江大学,2004。
[46]王焕定,王伟。有限单元法教程.第二版。哈尔滨.哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2005.
[47]孙仁范,魏琏等。风作用下高层建筑结构舒适度的评价标准和计算方法。深圳土木与建筑,2008,5(1)：32-3
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[49]王新敏。ANSYS工程结构数值分析。人民交通出版社,2007。
[50]龚曙光,谢桂兰,黄云清。ANSYS参数化编程与命令手册。机械工业出版社,2010。
[51]黄小坤《高层建筑混凝土结构技术规程》(JGJ3-2002)若干问题解说.土木工程学报,2004,37(3)
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[53]Richard P J, Hoxey R P, Wind pressures on a 6m cube. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics [J].2001,89,1553-1564
[2]董军,邓洪洲,刘学利.高层建筑脉动风荷载时程模拟的AR模型方法[J]。南京建筑工程学院学报,2000,第2期。
[3]葛楠,周锡元,侯爱波.有关高层建筑结构风荷载的比较分析[J]。特种结构,2006,23(1)。
[4]黄本才,汪从军。结构抗风分析原理及应用。上海：同济大学出版社,2001,1-422
[5]张相庭。结构风压和风振计算。上海：同济大学出版社,1985,1-72
[6]Cermak, J. E, Wind-tunnel development and trends in applications to civil engineering .Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,2003, Vol.91:355-370.
[7]M. Kasperski, Specification of the design wind load based on wind tunnel experiments.Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2003,Vol.91:527-541.
[8]金伟良,宋志刚。振动人机工程学在结构工程中的应用。建筑科学,2002,18(2)：1-6
[9]张相庭。工程结构风荷载理论和抗风计算手册。上海：同济大学出版社,1997,33-37
[10]董安正,赵国藩。高层建筑结构舒适度可靠性分析。大连理工大学学报,2002,42(4)：472-476
[11]阳升。行走跳跃激励下大跨度楼面结构振动舒适度分析：[北京科技大学硕士学位论文]。北京：2007,7-8
[12]ChangFK.Wind and move ment in tall bulidings. Civil Engineering, ASCE,196737(8): 70-72
[13]ChangFK. Humanres Ponse to motion in tallbuildings. Journal of the Struetural Division, ASCE,1973,99(6):1259-127
[14]瞿伟廉,李桂青。自立式高耸结构抗风可靠性分析的改进方法.建筑结构学报,1988,9(5)：1-10
[15]梁枢果,瞿伟廉,李桂青。高层建筑与高耸结构抗风可靠性分析综述。武汉工业大学学报,1996,18(4)：48-52
[16]宋永发,常金鹏,王延龙。高层建筑的顺风向风振响应分析及舒适度研究。防灾减灾工程学报,2007,27(4)：484-487
[17]中华人民共和国建设部.高层建筑混凝土结构技术规程(JGJ3-2002)。北京：中国建 筑工业出版社,2002,30-32
[18]中华人民共和国建设部。高层民用建筑钢结构技术规程(JCxJ99-89)。北京：建筑工业出版社,1990,29-32
[19]Davenport A.G. The relationship of wind Structure to wind loading.In:Proc.of the symposium on wind effect on building and structures. London,1965,54-102
[20]Solari G.A Generalized Definition of Gust Factor. J. wind. Eng.Ind. Aerody.1990, 36:539-548
[21]Xiangting Zhang. Introduction and some observations on 2002 Chinese wind lo-ad code. In the International conference on wind engeering. U. S. A,2003,314-319
[22]张相庭,结构顺风向风振的规范表达式及有关问题的分析。建筑结构,2004,34(7)：33-35
[23]Yin Zhou,Tracy Kijewski,Ahsan Kareem.Along-wind load effects on tall building: Comparative study of major international codes and standards. Journal of structural engineering.2002,76:788-796
[24]Davenport A.G. How can we simplify and generalize wind loads. Journal of wind engineering and industrial aerodynamics,1995,54:657-669
[25]张相庭.结构风工程[M],中国建筑工业出版社,2006。
[26][美]R.克拉夫,J.彭津。结构动力学第二版(修订版)。高等教育出版社。
[27]Solari G.A Generalized Definition of Gust Factor. J. wind. Eng. Ind. Aerody.1990, 36:539-548
[28]李会知,关是,吴义章.建筑物风荷载测量技术与动态响应的研究.工程力学,2004,Vol.21(1)：143-147
[29]陈波,瞿伟廉。高耸电视塔的动力特性及风振反应分析。武汉理工大学学报。2004,Vol.26(2)：23-2
[30]埃米尔·希谬,罗伯特·H·斯坎伦.风对结构的作用——风工程导论。刘尚培,项海帆,谢霁明译。上海：同济大学出版社,1992.
[31]周淑贞,束炯。城市气候学。北京：气象出版社,1994.
[32]中华人民共和国建设部主编。中华人民共和国国家标准,建筑结构荷载规范(GB50009-2001)。北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2006。
[33]张亮亮,吴云芳,余洋等。高层建筑风荷载高频测力天平试验技术。重庆大学学报,2006,Vol.29(2)：99-102
[34]贺德馨等。风工程与工业空气动力学。北京：国防工业出版社,2006.
[35]张红星。高层建筑顺风向静力等效风荷载实用计算方法研究：[同济大学硕士学位论文]。上海：同济大学土木工程学院,2004,1-91
[36]徐安.用简化的瞬态测压方法研究高层建筑的风振响应及等效荷载。[硕士学位论文]。汕头：汕头大学,2003
[37]Yakhot V, Orszag S A. Renormalization group analysis of turbulence:basic theory [J]. Journal of Scientific Computing.1986,1(1).
[38]顾明,叶丰。典型超高层建筑风荷载频域特性研究。建筑结构学报,2006,Vol.27(1)：30-36.
[39]周印。高层建筑静力等效风荷载和响应的理论和实验研究[D]。同济大学博士论文,1998。
[40]A. Kareem, T.Kijewski and Y. Tamura. Mitigation of motion of tall buildings with recent applications. Wind and Structures.1999,2(3):201-251
[41]Vinokur M. An Analysis of Finite-difference and Finite-Volume formulations of Conservation Laws. NASA CR-177416.1986.
[42]J.Xie, RA.Irwin, APPlication of the for cebalance technique to a building complex, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamies,1998, Vol.77/78:579-590
[43]Kasperski, Niemann, The L.R.C. (load-response-correlation)-Method:A General Method of Estimating Unfavourable Wind Load Distributions for Linear and Non-linear Structural Behaviour. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 1992,Vol.41-44:1753-1763.
[44]J.D.Holmes, Along-wind response of lattice towers:part Ⅰ -derivation of expressions forresponse factors. Engineering Structures,1994,Vol.16:287-292.
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