动态振动测量系统的研究
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摘要
本文主要研究动态振动测量系统中涉及的调频式电感传感器技术、高稳定性高频振荡器电路技术、高频振荡信号波形整形技术、高频振荡信号的采集和传输技术以及基于振动理论的振动检测技术和振动分析技术。目的在于改进调频式电感传感器的灵敏度、精度和测量范围以适应桥梁的低频振动测量,并开发能用于低频测量的动态振动测量系统。
本文研究了电感位移传感器的结构、测量机理以及其整个测量系统的系统架构,并通过试验认真分析了调频式电感传感器对于低频振动的响应性能,结合本课题的研究需要和技术要求,开发研制了能用于低频振动测量的动态振动测量系统,并对其进行了与DHDAS_3817N动态信号采集分析系统比较的试验验证。
本文所做的具体研究工作如下:
首先,从应用于桥梁低频振动测量的角度分析了电感式传感器的测量原理,并针对调频式电感传感器测量电路中的核心部分——高频振荡器电路,就其基本原理和实现结构作了理论分析,并结合研究需要和技术要求对振荡器电路作了设计,且通过了计算机仿真,并完成了实物的具体实现。
其次,根据现有设备和材料并结合实际需要就传感器的探头部分进行了制作。并设计制作了基于弹性金属梁的振动传导结构,用以传导被测物的振动到传感器探头处。
再次,设计并具体实现了基于MAX907的信号整形电路。设计并具体实现了基于AT89S51单片机的数据采集和传输接口电路,包括单片机执行程序的设计。设计并完成了基于振动分析理论的数据分析软件的编写。
最后,通过具体的试验分析,对电感传感器及电路部分作了静态标定,并选择了以铁氧体作为搭载材料。并与DHDAS_3817N动态信号采集分析系统得测量结果作了比较,并对偏差作了分析。
This thesis mainly studies FM-Inductance sensors technology, high stability of high-frequency oscillator circuit technology, high-frequency oscillation signal waveform shaping technology, high-frequency oscillation signal acquisition and transmission technology , the vibration test technology and vibration analysis techniques based on the vibration theory in dynamic vibration measurement system. The purpose of this thesis is to improve the sensitivity, precision and measuring range of inductance sensors in order to adapt to low-frequency vibration measurement of bridges and develop the dynamic vibration measurement system which can be used in low-frequency vibration measurement.
This thesis studies the structure, measuring mechanism of inductance displacement sensors and system framework of its measurement system, and seriously analyses the response capability of FM-Inductance sensors with regard to low-frequency vibration. This subject has developed dynamic vibration measurement system which can be applied to low-frequency vibration measurement and carried out verification of the experiment of comparing the measurement system with DHDAS3817N dynamic signal collection analysis system in terms of the research needs and technical requirements.
This thesis has done concrete research work as follows:
First of all, this article has analyzed measuring principle of inductance sensors from the perspective of being applied to low-frequency vibration measurement of the bridge and has done academic analysis on basic principle and realization of structure of high-frequency oscillator circuit which is the core of FM Inductors sensor measuring circuit. In addition, this text has designed oscillator circuit in terms of research and technology need and completed the physical realization, passing computer simulation.
Secondly, according to existing equipments and materials, this subject has designed the probe of the sensors with actual needs. Vibration conduction structure has been designed to transmit the vibration of the measured object to the probe of the sensors, based on metal beam of elasticity.
Thirdly, the design and realization signal shaping circuit based on the MAX907 has been designed and realized concretely. In addition, data collection and transmission interface circuit based on AT89S51 MCU, which includes design of the executive program of SCM, has been designed and realized concretely. This subject has compiled data analysis software, based on vibration analysis theory.
Finally, through concrete analysis of the test, this subject has done the calibration of static state on inductance sensors and its circuit, choosing ferrite which serves as carrier material. And then, this thesis has compared the result with the measurement result of DHDAS3817N dynamic signal collection and analysis system and has analyzed the bias.
本文研究了电感位移传感器的结构、测量机理以及其整个测量系统的系统架构,并通过试验认真分析了调频式电感传感器对于低频振动的响应性能,结合本课题的研究需要和技术要求,开发研制了能用于低频振动测量的动态振动测量系统,并对其进行了与DHDAS_3817N动态信号采集分析系统比较的试验验证。
本文所做的具体研究工作如下:
首先,从应用于桥梁低频振动测量的角度分析了电感式传感器的测量原理,并针对调频式电感传感器测量电路中的核心部分——高频振荡器电路,就其基本原理和实现结构作了理论分析,并结合研究需要和技术要求对振荡器电路作了设计,且通过了计算机仿真,并完成了实物的具体实现。
其次,根据现有设备和材料并结合实际需要就传感器的探头部分进行了制作。并设计制作了基于弹性金属梁的振动传导结构,用以传导被测物的振动到传感器探头处。
再次,设计并具体实现了基于MAX907的信号整形电路。设计并具体实现了基于AT89S51单片机的数据采集和传输接口电路,包括单片机执行程序的设计。设计并完成了基于振动分析理论的数据分析软件的编写。
最后,通过具体的试验分析,对电感传感器及电路部分作了静态标定,并选择了以铁氧体作为搭载材料。并与DHDAS_3817N动态信号采集分析系统得测量结果作了比较,并对偏差作了分析。
This thesis mainly studies FM-Inductance sensors technology, high stability of high-frequency oscillator circuit technology, high-frequency oscillation signal waveform shaping technology, high-frequency oscillation signal acquisition and transmission technology , the vibration test technology and vibration analysis techniques based on the vibration theory in dynamic vibration measurement system. The purpose of this thesis is to improve the sensitivity, precision and measuring range of inductance sensors in order to adapt to low-frequency vibration measurement of bridges and develop the dynamic vibration measurement system which can be used in low-frequency vibration measurement.
This thesis studies the structure, measuring mechanism of inductance displacement sensors and system framework of its measurement system, and seriously analyses the response capability of FM-Inductance sensors with regard to low-frequency vibration. This subject has developed dynamic vibration measurement system which can be applied to low-frequency vibration measurement and carried out verification of the experiment of comparing the measurement system with DHDAS3817N dynamic signal collection analysis system in terms of the research needs and technical requirements.
This thesis has done concrete research work as follows:
First of all, this article has analyzed measuring principle of inductance sensors from the perspective of being applied to low-frequency vibration measurement of the bridge and has done academic analysis on basic principle and realization of structure of high-frequency oscillator circuit which is the core of FM Inductors sensor measuring circuit. In addition, this text has designed oscillator circuit in terms of research and technology need and completed the physical realization, passing computer simulation.
Secondly, according to existing equipments and materials, this subject has designed the probe of the sensors with actual needs. Vibration conduction structure has been designed to transmit the vibration of the measured object to the probe of the sensors, based on metal beam of elasticity.
Thirdly, the design and realization signal shaping circuit based on the MAX907 has been designed and realized concretely. In addition, data collection and transmission interface circuit based on AT89S51 MCU, which includes design of the executive program of SCM, has been designed and realized concretely. This subject has compiled data analysis software, based on vibration analysis theory.
Finally, through concrete analysis of the test, this subject has done the calibration of static state on inductance sensors and its circuit, choosing ferrite which serves as carrier material. And then, this thesis has compared the result with the measurement result of DHDAS3817N dynamic signal collection and analysis system and has analyzed the bias.
引文
[1].秦权.桥梁结构的健康监测 中国公路学报,2000,13(2)
[2].刘西拉,杨国兴.桥梁健康监测系统的发展与趋势 工程力学增刊,1996
[3].张启伟.大型桥梁健康监测概念与监测系统设计 同济大学学报,2001,29(1)
[4].史家钩,项海帆,许俊.确保大型桥梁安全性与耐久性的综合监测系统 同济大学学报,1997,25(增刊)
[5].金观昌,计算机辅助光学测量.[M],清华大学出版社,1997.143-161.
[6].张令弥,刘福强.大跨径斜拉桥相似模型结构动态特性试验的分离模态法[J].振动、测度与诊断,1999;19(2):128-132.
[7].唐怀平,王风勤.大跨径桥梁自振特性试验的环境随机激振法.西南交通大学学报.2000.V01.35 No.2 P.126-128
[8].高宝成,刘红霞,杨叔子.神经网络用于结构动荷载识别的研究[J].郑州工学院学报,1996,17(2):91-94
[9].胡雄,陈兆能,佟德纯,等.基于自组织神经网络的实时统计特征抽取方法[J].振动工程学报,1998,11(1):96-101
[10].李传习,刘扬,张建仁.基于人工神经网络的混凝土大跨度桥梁主梁参数实时估计[J].中国公路学报,2001,14(3):62-66
[11].段雪平,朱宏平,熊世树.神经网络在建筑物有限元模型修正中的应用[J].噪声与振动控制,2000(2):11-14
[12].董聪,杨培捷.城市桥梁智能健康诊断与进展[J].科技导报,1999,(10):57-60
[13].胡雄,吉祥,陈兆能,等.拉索桥梁安全性与耐久性评估的专家系统设计[J].应用力学学报,1998,15(4):122-126
[14].高怀志,王君杰.桥梁检测和状态评估研究与应用[J].世界地震工程,2000,16(2):57-64
[15].史家钧,兰海,郭志明.桥梁健康监测中的若干问题[C].中日结构减振及健康监测研讨会暨第三届中国结构抗震控制年会,上海,2002
[16].刘西拉,杨国兴.桥梁健康监测系统的发展与趋势.工程力学,1996,增刊
[17].Lau C K,Wang K Y,Flint A R.The Structural Health Monitoring System for Cable-supported Bridges in Tsing Ma Control area [C].Proceedings of Workshop on Research and Monitoring of Long Span Bridges,Hong Kong,2000:26-28
[18].陈德伟,黄峥,李欣然,等.重庆大佛寺长江大桥的施工监控.第十五届全国桥梁学术会议论文集,上海,2002,上海:同济大学出版社
[19].林超.钢筋混凝土桥梁的振动测量[J].华南地震.2003年23卷第1期82-86
[20].黄长艺,严普强/机械工程测试技术基础[M]北京:机械工业出版社,1994
[21].余水宝.基于选频补偿的磁电式速度传感器频响展宽研究[J].传感技术学报,1999(3):201-205.
[22].俞阿龙,黄惟一.振动速度传感器幅频特性改进方法的研究[J].自动化仪表,2004,25(5):2-7.
[23].陈希,余水宝。超低频绝对振动的光纤传感技术研究浙江师范大学学报(自然科学版)2006年第29卷第1期47-51。
[24].徐恕宏.传感器原理及其设计基础[M].北京机械工业出版社1989
[25].王厚枢.传感器原理[M].北京航空工业出版社1987
[26].郁有文常健.传感器原理及工程应用[M].西安西安电子科技大学出版社。2001
[27].袁希光.传感器技术手册[M].北京国防工业出版社。1986
[28].章家岩.涡流传感器的计算机辅助设计[J].仪表技术与传感器1996。5。10-13
[29].王素红.利用电涡流传感器测量位移[J].大学物理试验2000。13(1)
[30].汪乐宇 谭祖根.电涡流检测技术[M].北京原子能出版社1986
[31].F.Herzel,H.Erzgraber,and P.Weger,"Integrated CMOS wideband oscillator for RF applications,"Electronics Letters,vol.3 7,M arch,2001.
[32].P.Vancorenland,and M.S.J.Steyaert,"A 1.57 GHz fully integrated very low phase noise quadrature VCO,Symposium on VLSI Circuits Digest of Technical Papers,pp.111-114,2001.
[33].JF.Herzel,H.Erzgraber,and N.Ilkov,"A new approach to fully integrated CMOS LC-oscillators with a very large tuning range," IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference,pp.573-576,2000.
[34].B,Razavi,"A1.8 GHz CMOS voltage-controlled oscillator,"ISSCC Dig.Tech.Papers,pp.388-389,Feb.1997
[35].G.D.Vendelin,A.M.Pavio,and U.LRohde,Microwave Circuit Design Using Linear and Nonlinear Technique.John W iley&Sons,1990
[36].Razavi," Design of analog CMOS integrated circuits" Singapore.McGraw-Hill,2001.
[37].Nathan Sneed,"A 2-GHz CMOS LC-tuned VCO using switched-capacitors to compensate for Bondwire inductance variation," Master Thesis,University of California,Berkeley,D ec,2000.
[38].S.-M.Oh,C.W.Kim,and S.-G.Lee,"A 74%,1.56-2.71 GHz,wide-tunable LC-tuned VCO in 0.35-1umCMOS technology," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters,vol.37,pp.98-100,April,2003
[39].马东丽,赵辉.用于调频式电涡流传感器的高稳定性LC振荡电路[J].计算机测量与控制,2004.12(3):298-300
[40].周凯.EWB虚拟电子实验室——Multisim 7&Ultiboard 7电子电路设计与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005:20-120
[41].钟文耀,段玉生,何丽静.EWB电路设计入门与应用[M].清华大学出版社
[2].刘西拉,杨国兴.桥梁健康监测系统的发展与趋势 工程力学增刊,1996
[3].张启伟.大型桥梁健康监测概念与监测系统设计 同济大学学报,2001,29(1)
[4].史家钩,项海帆,许俊.确保大型桥梁安全性与耐久性的综合监测系统 同济大学学报,1997,25(增刊)
[5].金观昌,计算机辅助光学测量.[M],清华大学出版社,1997.143-161.
[6].张令弥,刘福强.大跨径斜拉桥相似模型结构动态特性试验的分离模态法[J].振动、测度与诊断,1999;19(2):128-132.
[7].唐怀平,王风勤.大跨径桥梁自振特性试验的环境随机激振法.西南交通大学学报.2000.V01.35 No.2 P.126-128
[8].高宝成,刘红霞,杨叔子.神经网络用于结构动荷载识别的研究[J].郑州工学院学报,1996,17(2):91-94
[9].胡雄,陈兆能,佟德纯,等.基于自组织神经网络的实时统计特征抽取方法[J].振动工程学报,1998,11(1):96-101
[10].李传习,刘扬,张建仁.基于人工神经网络的混凝土大跨度桥梁主梁参数实时估计[J].中国公路学报,2001,14(3):62-66
[11].段雪平,朱宏平,熊世树.神经网络在建筑物有限元模型修正中的应用[J].噪声与振动控制,2000(2):11-14
[12].董聪,杨培捷.城市桥梁智能健康诊断与进展[J].科技导报,1999,(10):57-60
[13].胡雄,吉祥,陈兆能,等.拉索桥梁安全性与耐久性评估的专家系统设计[J].应用力学学报,1998,15(4):122-126
[14].高怀志,王君杰.桥梁检测和状态评估研究与应用[J].世界地震工程,2000,16(2):57-64
[15].史家钧,兰海,郭志明.桥梁健康监测中的若干问题[C].中日结构减振及健康监测研讨会暨第三届中国结构抗震控制年会,上海,2002
[16].刘西拉,杨国兴.桥梁健康监测系统的发展与趋势.工程力学,1996,增刊
[17].Lau C K,Wang K Y,Flint A R.The Structural Health Monitoring System for Cable-supported Bridges in Tsing Ma Control area [C].Proceedings of Workshop on Research and Monitoring of Long Span Bridges,Hong Kong,2000:26-28
[18].陈德伟,黄峥,李欣然,等.重庆大佛寺长江大桥的施工监控.第十五届全国桥梁学术会议论文集,上海,2002,上海:同济大学出版社
[19].林超.钢筋混凝土桥梁的振动测量[J].华南地震.2003年23卷第1期82-86
[20].黄长艺,严普强/机械工程测试技术基础[M]北京:机械工业出版社,1994
[21].余水宝.基于选频补偿的磁电式速度传感器频响展宽研究[J].传感技术学报,1999(3):201-205.
[22].俞阿龙,黄惟一.振动速度传感器幅频特性改进方法的研究[J].自动化仪表,2004,25(5):2-7.
[23].陈希,余水宝。超低频绝对振动的光纤传感技术研究浙江师范大学学报(自然科学版)2006年第29卷第1期47-51。
[24].徐恕宏.传感器原理及其设计基础[M].北京机械工业出版社1989
[25].王厚枢.传感器原理[M].北京航空工业出版社1987
[26].郁有文常健.传感器原理及工程应用[M].西安西安电子科技大学出版社。2001
[27].袁希光.传感器技术手册[M].北京国防工业出版社。1986
[28].章家岩.涡流传感器的计算机辅助设计[J].仪表技术与传感器1996。5。10-13
[29].王素红.利用电涡流传感器测量位移[J].大学物理试验2000。13(1)
[30].汪乐宇 谭祖根.电涡流检测技术[M].北京原子能出版社1986
[31].F.Herzel,H.Erzgraber,and P.Weger,"Integrated CMOS wideband oscillator for RF applications,"Electronics Letters,vol.3 7,M arch,2001.
[32].P.Vancorenland,and M.S.J.Steyaert,"A 1.57 GHz fully integrated very low phase noise quadrature VCO,Symposium on VLSI Circuits Digest of Technical Papers,pp.111-114,2001.
[33].JF.Herzel,H.Erzgraber,and N.Ilkov,"A new approach to fully integrated CMOS LC-oscillators with a very large tuning range," IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference,pp.573-576,2000.
[34].B,Razavi,"A1.8 GHz CMOS voltage-controlled oscillator,"ISSCC Dig.Tech.Papers,pp.388-389,Feb.1997
[35].G.D.Vendelin,A.M.Pavio,and U.LRohde,Microwave Circuit Design Using Linear and Nonlinear Technique.John W iley&Sons,1990
[36].Razavi," Design of analog CMOS integrated circuits" Singapore.McGraw-Hill,2001.
[37].Nathan Sneed,"A 2-GHz CMOS LC-tuned VCO using switched-capacitors to compensate for Bondwire inductance variation," Master Thesis,University of California,Berkeley,D ec,2000.
[38].S.-M.Oh,C.W.Kim,and S.-G.Lee,"A 74%,1.56-2.71 GHz,wide-tunable LC-tuned VCO in 0.35-1umCMOS technology," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters,vol.37,pp.98-100,April,2003
[39].马东丽,赵辉.用于调频式电涡流传感器的高稳定性LC振荡电路[J].计算机测量与控制,2004.12(3):298-300
[40].周凯.EWB虚拟电子实验室——Multisim 7&Ultiboard 7电子电路设计与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005:20-120
[41].钟文耀,段玉生,何丽静.EWB电路设计入门与应用[M].清华大学出版社