逆变TIG焊机引弧噪声的研究
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摘要
随着电力电子技术的发展，已有越来越多的电力电子产品应用于工业、民用及军事领域，产生了大量的电磁兼容性问题，电磁兼容设计已成为工程设计的一项重要内容。逆变TIG焊机由于其工作的特殊性，电磁兼容性问题十分严重，进行深入研究很有必要。
引弧电路产生的电磁噪声是逆变TIG焊机最主要的电磁干扰源，危害严重。本文首先建立了高频引弧电路和引弧电路的仿真模型，并进行了仿真，揭示了其电磁噪声的规律；将高频引弧电路模型与逆变TIG焊机模型相结合，通过仿真，发现了引弧高频噪声对TIG焊机传导干扰影响的规律；最后介绍了高频引弧辐射电磁噪声的测定及其抑制。
仿真及实验结果表明，引弧高频及引弧高压脉冲中含有大量高幅值谐波。对焊机电路而言，高频的幅值越高频率越低，所产生的传导干扰也就越大，因此在满足使用的条件下，通过采取降低高频的强度和频率，合理调节电路自身的参数、结构及采取如屏蔽、接地、隔离等方法来有效地减轻电磁干扰。
以上研究成果为抑制引弧噪声奠定了理论基础。
With the development of power electronic technology, more and more power electronic devices applies at industry ，for civil use and military domain, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and electromagnetic interference (EMI) question suffered the universal concern. The EMC design has become a vital process of any nowadays project and accordingly EMC will be needed in the design of welding equipments. Owing to its particularity that invert TIG arc welder work, therefore its EMC also looks more protruding, and the research that need to be gone deep into.
It is the major reason to give rise to the electromagnetic noise(EMN) that the igniting arc when invert TIG arc welder is working, therefore this thesis firstly builds the model of high frequency igniting arc circuit and high voltage pulse start arc circuit, and then analyses the high frequency and high voltage pulse and understood his speciality of interfere. This thesis also builds the main circuit and control circuit and analyses the concrete circumstances to them of conduction interference of high frequency, and looks for out the interference law. This thesis introduced the measure and restrain of radiation of the high frequency EMI.
Simulation and the experiment result indicates, high frequency and high voltage pulse contains a large number of high intensity harmonic wave. The more intense and higher is high frequency, more serious is interfere. So under the condition of satisfied use, EMI can be alleviated through reducing intensity and the frequency of high frequency, reasonably adjusts the parameter of circuit self and structure and take some measure such as screen, ground connection and isolation etc methods.
引弧电路产生的电磁噪声是逆变TIG焊机最主要的电磁干扰源，危害严重。本文首先建立了高频引弧电路和引弧电路的仿真模型，并进行了仿真，揭示了其电磁噪声的规律；将高频引弧电路模型与逆变TIG焊机模型相结合，通过仿真，发现了引弧高频噪声对TIG焊机传导干扰影响的规律；最后介绍了高频引弧辐射电磁噪声的测定及其抑制。
仿真及实验结果表明，引弧高频及引弧高压脉冲中含有大量高幅值谐波。对焊机电路而言，高频的幅值越高频率越低，所产生的传导干扰也就越大，因此在满足使用的条件下，通过采取降低高频的强度和频率，合理调节电路自身的参数、结构及采取如屏蔽、接地、隔离等方法来有效地减轻电磁干扰。
以上研究成果为抑制引弧噪声奠定了理论基础。
With the development of power electronic technology, more and more power electronic devices applies at industry ，for civil use and military domain, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and electromagnetic interference (EMI) question suffered the universal concern. The EMC design has become a vital process of any nowadays project and accordingly EMC will be needed in the design of welding equipments. Owing to its particularity that invert TIG arc welder work, therefore its EMC also looks more protruding, and the research that need to be gone deep into.
It is the major reason to give rise to the electromagnetic noise(EMN) that the igniting arc when invert TIG arc welder is working, therefore this thesis firstly builds the model of high frequency igniting arc circuit and high voltage pulse start arc circuit, and then analyses the high frequency and high voltage pulse and understood his speciality of interfere. This thesis also builds the main circuit and control circuit and analyses the concrete circumstances to them of conduction interference of high frequency, and looks for out the interference law. This thesis introduced the measure and restrain of radiation of the high frequency EMI.
Simulation and the experiment result indicates, high frequency and high voltage pulse contains a large number of high intensity harmonic wave. The more intense and higher is high frequency, more serious is interfere. So under the condition of satisfied use, EMI can be alleviated through reducing intensity and the frequency of high frequency, reasonably adjusts the parameter of circuit self and structure and take some measure such as screen, ground connection and isolation etc methods.
引文
[1]钱照明,程肇基.电力电子系统电磁兼容设计基础及干扰抑制技术[M].杭州: 浙江大学出版社,2000.
[2]张瑞昌.焊接设备的电磁兼容性(EMC)及其考核[J].电焊机,1998,28(3) :1~7.
[3]李邦协.家用电器、电动工具和电气照明设备的电磁兼容性[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2001.
[4]贺景亮.电力系统电磁兼容[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1993.
[5]马伟明.电力电子系统中的电磁兼容[M].武汉:武汉水利电力大学出版社,2000.
[6]赖祖武.电磁干扰防护与电磁兼容[M].北京:原子能出版社,1993.
[7]高攸纲.电磁兼容设计总论[M].北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2001.
[8]陈恒林,路登平.逆变弧焊电源电磁兼容性问题的探讨[J].环境技术,2001,19(3) :1~4.
[9]Organ David.A handbook for EMC Testing and Measurement[M].Landon: Petter Peregrinus Ltd.On behalf of the Institute of Electrical Engineers,1993.
[10]王克争,孙洪源,等.高频焊接设备电磁兼容性的研究[J].电焊机:1999,29(1): 20~23.
[11]邓集杰,路登平,等.国内焊接设备电磁兼容性研究进展[J].电焊机,2003,33(9) :1~4.
[12]刘建屏.弧焊逆变机传导干扰的研究[D].天津:天津大学,2003.
[13]单平,周斌生.弧焊变压器谐波研究[J].机械工程学报,1998,34(1) :64~68.
[14]杜贵平,黄石生.逆变焊机的高频干扰分析及抑制方法探讨[J].电焊机,2001,31(8) :21~34.
[15]W Lucas.Electromagnetic emission form dc and ac TIG welding systems[J].Welding&Metal Fabrication,1997(7): 261~265.
[16]陈恒林.逆变弧焊电源传导型电磁干扰的仿真研究[D].天津:天津大学,2003.
[17]Pspice使用手册.
[18]高伟涛.Pspice8.0电路设计实例精粹[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2001.
[19]Lin,G..EMC in China [J].IEEE international symposium on,vol. 2,19-23 Aug. 2002,page(s)：782~787 vol. 2.
[20]中国机械工程学会焊接学会.焊接手册(第1卷 焊接方法及设备)[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 1992.
[21]美国焊接学会,焊接手册(第2卷 焊接方法)[M].清华大学焊接教研组译.北京:机械工业出版社,1988.
[22]殷树言,张九海.气体保护焊工艺[M].哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1989.
[23]胡特生.电弧焊[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1996.
[24]张晓囡,李俊岳,等.引弧用高频振荡器电路的数学分析及参数的确定[J].焊接学报, 2002, 23(2) :13~17.
[25]许萍,张敬怀,等.用PSPICE对LC振荡器实验进行仿真[J].实验技术与管理,2002, 19(5) :74~77.
[26]黄晨,杨震.一种新型高压脉冲引弧器[J].上海工程技术大学学报,2000,14(1) :34~37.
[27]B.K.Bose.Powe Electronics and Variable Frequency Drives—Technology and Application[M].IEEE Press,1996.
[28]R.W.De Doncker,J.P.Lyons.The Auxiliary Resonant commutated Pole Inverter[J].IEEE-IAS Annual Conference Record,1990.
[29]D. M.Divan.The Resonant DC Link Converter—A New Concept in Static Power Conversion[J].IEEE Trans Ind Appl.,1989.
[30]赵家瑞.逆变焊接与切割电源[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1995.
[31]天津大学电工学教研室编.电工技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1998.
[32]刘会杰,张九海,等.交流TIG焊中的高频干扰及其防止.焊接学报,1996, 17(3) :198~204.
[33]滕福生,梁碧俊.信息和控制系统防干扰[M].成都:成都科技大学出版社,1987.
[34]吴本炎,李道凯.电子电路的电磁兼容性[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,1982.
[35]韩刚,徐万玉.工业电子控制装置的抗干扰技术[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1984.
[2]张瑞昌.焊接设备的电磁兼容性(EMC)及其考核[J].电焊机,1998,28(3) :1~7.
[3]李邦协.家用电器、电动工具和电气照明设备的电磁兼容性[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2001.
[4]贺景亮.电力系统电磁兼容[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1993.
[5]马伟明.电力电子系统中的电磁兼容[M].武汉:武汉水利电力大学出版社,2000.
[6]赖祖武.电磁干扰防护与电磁兼容[M].北京:原子能出版社,1993.
[7]高攸纲.电磁兼容设计总论[M].北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2001.
[8]陈恒林,路登平.逆变弧焊电源电磁兼容性问题的探讨[J].环境技术,2001,19(3) :1~4.
[9]Organ David.A handbook for EMC Testing and Measurement[M].Landon: Petter Peregrinus Ltd.On behalf of the Institute of Electrical Engineers,1993.
[10]王克争,孙洪源,等.高频焊接设备电磁兼容性的研究[J].电焊机:1999,29(1): 20~23.
[11]邓集杰,路登平,等.国内焊接设备电磁兼容性研究进展[J].电焊机,2003,33(9) :1~4.
[12]刘建屏.弧焊逆变机传导干扰的研究[D].天津:天津大学,2003.
[13]单平,周斌生.弧焊变压器谐波研究[J].机械工程学报,1998,34(1) :64~68.
[14]杜贵平,黄石生.逆变焊机的高频干扰分析及抑制方法探讨[J].电焊机,2001,31(8) :21~34.
[15]W Lucas.Electromagnetic emission form dc and ac TIG welding systems[J].Welding&Metal Fabrication,1997(7): 261~265.
[16]陈恒林.逆变弧焊电源传导型电磁干扰的仿真研究[D].天津:天津大学,2003.
[17]Pspice使用手册.
[18]高伟涛.Pspice8.0电路设计实例精粹[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2001.
[19]Lin,G..EMC in China [J].IEEE international symposium on,vol. 2,19-23 Aug. 2002,page(s)：782~787 vol. 2.
[20]中国机械工程学会焊接学会.焊接手册(第1卷 焊接方法及设备)[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 1992.
[21]美国焊接学会,焊接手册(第2卷 焊接方法)[M].清华大学焊接教研组译.北京:机械工业出版社,1988.
[22]殷树言,张九海.气体保护焊工艺[M].哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1989.
[23]胡特生.电弧焊[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1996.
[24]张晓囡,李俊岳,等.引弧用高频振荡器电路的数学分析及参数的确定[J].焊接学报, 2002, 23(2) :13~17.
[25]许萍,张敬怀,等.用PSPICE对LC振荡器实验进行仿真[J].实验技术与管理,2002, 19(5) :74~77.
[26]黄晨,杨震.一种新型高压脉冲引弧器[J].上海工程技术大学学报,2000,14(1) :34~37.
[27]B.K.Bose.Powe Electronics and Variable Frequency Drives—Technology and Application[M].IEEE Press,1996.
[28]R.W.De Doncker,J.P.Lyons.The Auxiliary Resonant commutated Pole Inverter[J].IEEE-IAS Annual Conference Record,1990.
[29]D. M.Divan.The Resonant DC Link Converter—A New Concept in Static Power Conversion[J].IEEE Trans Ind Appl.,1989.
[30]赵家瑞.逆变焊接与切割电源[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1995.
[31]天津大学电工学教研室编.电工技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1998.
[32]刘会杰,张九海,等.交流TIG焊中的高频干扰及其防止.焊接学报,1996, 17(3) :198~204.
[33]滕福生,梁碧俊.信息和控制系统防干扰[M].成都:成都科技大学出版社,1987.
[34]吴本炎,李道凯.电子电路的电磁兼容性[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,1982.
[35]韩刚,徐万玉.工业电子控制装置的抗干扰技术[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1984.