智能雾化器的设计与实现
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摘要
随着计算机科学技术、通信技术的快速发展，与人类健康息息相关的医学领域也不可避免地被赋予了数字化理念。社会的不断发展，人们对个体生命价值认知的不断提升，越来越多用户病人希望利用高科技手段保障生命，一种设计合理、技术先进、经济、实用、可靠的医用超声智能雾化器将会受到社会的欢迎。
经调查，在“非典”过后的今天，随着超声技术的发展，超声技术在雾化治疗方面被广泛应用，超声雾化器已是临床不可缺少的医疗仪器之一。它具有构造简单、价格适中、操作方便、应用范围广泛、治疗效果可靠、方便、无痛苦、药物副作用小、使用成本低、安全可靠、维修方便等优点，故在临床治疗中得到广泛的应用，是一个不可替代的辅助治疗手段。超声波雾化器不仅可在医院作为对患有呼吸道疾病病人的治疗给药器具，更可作为家庭空气加湿、清毒、预防疾病及室内盆景造型等多种用途。
本文是在智能雾化器系统项目开发的基础上总结完成的，作者的主要研究开发工作如下：
(1)在本次智能雾化器的开发试验中，作者以单片机为核心，实现对内部功能的控制，并分别对影响设备输出量的主要因素的进行检测。其中包括设备雾化量、风机转速和对设备工作温度的检测，并配有液晶屏显示，数据存储部分，将治疗参数和设备状态显示出来，实现了人机交互功能，并将临时的数据储存储在存储器X5045中。
(2)在嵌入式开发的基础上，作者将两种高频振荡器进行了比较和分析，实现了对最优方案的设计，并用单片机对其性能进行了控制实现，从而使雾化器在整体的性能上优于传统的设计开发。
(3)根据实际需求，设计并实现了基于蓝牙技术的无线传输的通信链路。可将采集到的参数通过蓝牙无线协议上传至上位机，同时，可接收上位机下传的运行控制参数，增强设备的网络治疗功能，也弥补现有医疗监护系统的不足。
(4)最后作者对整个智能雾化器系统进行了调试和结果分析，总结了系统的不足之处，并且提出了系统有待进一步改进和完善的问题。
With the rapid development of the technology of computer science and communication, the logos of digital are inevitably bestowed upon the medical field which closely interrelated to the human. The life value acknowledge of people continuously promotes with the development of society, more and more patients hope for life-support by using high technolgy. So a rational designed medical ultrasonic atomizer with advanced technology will be welcome, which with economical, pragmatic and reliable characteristics.
Along with the development of ultrasound technology, ultrasound technology has been widely used in aerosol therapy and clinical ultrasound nebulizer is one of the indispensable medical equipment nowadays after "SARS". It has been widely applied in clinical treatment and has become an irreplaceable means of treatment on account of its' many merits, such as simple structure, modest price, easily operate, widely used, perfect efficacy, pain-free, tiny side effect, low costs, safely, easily maintain and so on. Ultrasonic nebulizer can be applied as not only the dose in the treatment of patients suffering from respiratory, but also air humidified devices, sterilize, disease prevention, indoor potted plant modeling and other kinds of roles.
This paper implements on the basis of the project of intelligent atomizer system.
Here the main works are:
(1) Embedded microprocessor part of the core function is the realization of internal control, and detects the mainly factors which influents the exports of the equipment, including equipment spray volume, fan speed, temperature detection equipment, equipped with LCD screen and data storage to display the treatment parameter and equipment status. It realizes human-computer interaction and provisional data will be stored in memory on which X5045.
(2) In the development of the intelligent atomizer, the optimal decision is designed by analyzing and comparing the two high-frequency oscillators, and its' performance is controlled by a microprocessor controller. So the overall performance is superior to the conventional design.
(3) Bluetooth wireless transmission technology based on the communication link, the parameters can be collected through Bluetooth wireless transmission up agreement. Meanwhile, the PC will be able to receive control parameters to enhance the treatment of functional network equipment and fill the existing deficiency of the traditional health care system.
(4) Finally, we reviewed the development process of the whole system, summarized the systematic weak point, and put forward the advice on improving and perfecting the system.
经调查，在“非典”过后的今天，随着超声技术的发展，超声技术在雾化治疗方面被广泛应用，超声雾化器已是临床不可缺少的医疗仪器之一。它具有构造简单、价格适中、操作方便、应用范围广泛、治疗效果可靠、方便、无痛苦、药物副作用小、使用成本低、安全可靠、维修方便等优点，故在临床治疗中得到广泛的应用，是一个不可替代的辅助治疗手段。超声波雾化器不仅可在医院作为对患有呼吸道疾病病人的治疗给药器具，更可作为家庭空气加湿、清毒、预防疾病及室内盆景造型等多种用途。
本文是在智能雾化器系统项目开发的基础上总结完成的，作者的主要研究开发工作如下：
(1)在本次智能雾化器的开发试验中，作者以单片机为核心，实现对内部功能的控制，并分别对影响设备输出量的主要因素的进行检测。其中包括设备雾化量、风机转速和对设备工作温度的检测，并配有液晶屏显示，数据存储部分，将治疗参数和设备状态显示出来，实现了人机交互功能，并将临时的数据储存储在存储器X5045中。
(2)在嵌入式开发的基础上，作者将两种高频振荡器进行了比较和分析，实现了对最优方案的设计，并用单片机对其性能进行了控制实现，从而使雾化器在整体的性能上优于传统的设计开发。
(3)根据实际需求，设计并实现了基于蓝牙技术的无线传输的通信链路。可将采集到的参数通过蓝牙无线协议上传至上位机，同时，可接收上位机下传的运行控制参数，增强设备的网络治疗功能，也弥补现有医疗监护系统的不足。
(4)最后作者对整个智能雾化器系统进行了调试和结果分析，总结了系统的不足之处，并且提出了系统有待进一步改进和完善的问题。
With the rapid development of the technology of computer science and communication, the logos of digital are inevitably bestowed upon the medical field which closely interrelated to the human. The life value acknowledge of people continuously promotes with the development of society, more and more patients hope for life-support by using high technolgy. So a rational designed medical ultrasonic atomizer with advanced technology will be welcome, which with economical, pragmatic and reliable characteristics.
Along with the development of ultrasound technology, ultrasound technology has been widely used in aerosol therapy and clinical ultrasound nebulizer is one of the indispensable medical equipment nowadays after "SARS". It has been widely applied in clinical treatment and has become an irreplaceable means of treatment on account of its' many merits, such as simple structure, modest price, easily operate, widely used, perfect efficacy, pain-free, tiny side effect, low costs, safely, easily maintain and so on. Ultrasonic nebulizer can be applied as not only the dose in the treatment of patients suffering from respiratory, but also air humidified devices, sterilize, disease prevention, indoor potted plant modeling and other kinds of roles.
This paper implements on the basis of the project of intelligent atomizer system.
Here the main works are:
(1) Embedded microprocessor part of the core function is the realization of internal control, and detects the mainly factors which influents the exports of the equipment, including equipment spray volume, fan speed, temperature detection equipment, equipped with LCD screen and data storage to display the treatment parameter and equipment status. It realizes human-computer interaction and provisional data will be stored in memory on which X5045.
(2) In the development of the intelligent atomizer, the optimal decision is designed by analyzing and comparing the two high-frequency oscillators, and its' performance is controlled by a microprocessor controller. So the overall performance is superior to the conventional design.
(3) Bluetooth wireless transmission technology based on the communication link, the parameters can be collected through Bluetooth wireless transmission up agreement. Meanwhile, the PC will be able to receive control parameters to enhance the treatment of functional network equipment and fill the existing deficiency of the traditional health care system.
(4) Finally, we reviewed the development process of the whole system, summarized the systematic weak point, and put forward the advice on improving and perfecting the system.
引文
[1] 俞森洋，张进川．当代呼吸疗法．北京：北京医科大学中国协和医科大学联合出版社，1994：336
[2] 袁林．医用超声雾化器的工作原理及其改进．临床与护理工程，2002(2)：42-43
[3] M. G. Silk. Ultrasonic Transducer for Nondestructive Testing. AdamHilger Ltd. 1984
[4] G Perrin, L. Levin, B. T. Khuri-Yakub. Piezoelectrically Actuated Transducer and Droplet Ejector. IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, 1996: 913-916
[5] 周红，刘晓英，黄美清，钟如妹．临床应用雾化吸入疗法的护理进展．中华现代临床医学杂志，2004(01)：56-58
[6] N. Maehara, S, Ueha, E. Mori. Influence of the Vibrating System of a Multipinhole-plate Ultrasonic Nebulizer on its Performance. Rev. Sci. Instrum, 1986, 57(11): 2870-2876
[7] T. E. Stokes, G. C. Hocking. On the Optimal Inner Tube Shape for an Ultrasonic Nebulizer. Austral Mathematical Soc, 2001: 37-74
[8] 祁吉等主编．医学影像学辞典．北京科学出版社，1999(01)：217-218
[9] 郝世新．超声雾化器原设计分析与设计优化构想．医疗卫生装备，20040(6)：153
[10] 王水平．超声雾化器的电路原理及故障检修．医疗装备，2003(08)：177-178
[11] 刘博学，许春华，崔建伟．YC-Y800型医用超声雾化器的几点改进建议．122-125
[12] 徐徐．光子嫩肤仪智能监控系统的设计与实现．武汉理工大学，2006．
[13] 杨光友，朱宏辉．单片微型计算机原理及接口技术．中国水利水电出版社，2000(2)．
[14] 张明健．基于T6963点阵式液晶显示模块的应用分析．辽宁工程技术大学学报，2006(04)：564-566
[15] 栗桂冬，张金铎，王仁乾．压电换能器和换能器阵．北京大学出版社，1990
[16] 周向红．X5045芯片在单片机系统中的应用．现代电子技术，2006(05)：111-116
[17] 金伟正．温湿度检测控制系统的研制．电子与自动化，2000(02)：141-144
[18] 王洪明．基于DS18820的储粮温度检测的设计．经济技术协作信息，2003(07)：48-52
[19] DAUGHTON. J. M. GMR and SDT sensor application. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2000, 36: 2773-2778
[20] 宋焕章等著．计算机原理与设计下册：存储与外设．国防科技大学出版社，1999．7
[21] 薛小玲，吴寿强．数字式温度检测系统的设计．闽江学院学报，2003(05)：120-125
[22] MLLER. M. M, PRINZ. G. A, LUBITZ. P. et al. Novel absolute linear displacement sensor utilizing giant magneto resistance elements. J. Appl. Phys. 1997, 81(08): 4284-4286
[23] 沙占友，薛树琦，葛家怡．湿度传感器的发展趋势．电子技术应用，2003(07)：6-7
[24] 郭长春．一种基于80C196单片机的转速测量系统．武汉大学学报(工学版)，2003(08)：143-147
[25] Atmel Corporation. Information of AT89C52. American Atmel Corporation, 2001.
[26] [美]．布达克著，童宁荪译．电路理论基础及应用．科学出版社，1985：178-182．
[27] 童诗白，华成英主编，清华大学电子学教研室组编．模拟电子技术基础．高等教育出版社：402-403
[28] 马建如，吴立新．高频正弦波振荡器调测之探索．常州技术师范学院学报，2001(12)：142-145
[29] HUNTER. T. E and BOLT. R, H. Sonics, Wiley, New York/chapman&Hall, London, 138 (1955)
[30] 雷监铭，邹雪城，付先成．高精度高性能晶体振荡器电路．华中科技大学学报(自然科学版)，2006(05)：185-188
[31] Fong N, Plouchart J. Design of wide-band CMOS VCO for multiband wirless LAN application[J]. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuit, 2003, 38(8): 1333-1342
[32] Hegazi E, Sjoland H, Abidi A. A filtering technique to lower oscillator phase noise[J]. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuit, 2001, 36(12): 1921-1929
[33] 杨湘，王跃科，乔纯捷．蓝牙短距离无线通信技术．仪器仪表学报，2002(S1)：271-272
[34] Yangning, ZhengLiwu, Wanghao. Application of the Bluetooth technology in monitoring and controlling of logistics. Proceedings of the International Conference on Agile Manufacturing, Advances in Agile Manufacturing, 2003: 611-614
[35] Chiasserini. C, F. Marsan, M. A. A distributed self-healing approach to Bluetooth scattered formation. Wireless Communications. IEEE Transactions 2005(4): 2649-2654
[36] 孙吉福，朱绣鑫．PC机间蓝牙串口通信的HCI实现．山东建筑工程学院学报，2004(03)：118-123
[37] 许铭，王楠，侯紫峰．蓝牙仿真程序的设计与实现以及蓝牙性能分析．小型微型计算机系统，2004(08)：142-145
[38] Zhi Zhang, Ping Liu. Application of Bluetooth technology in ambulatory wireless medical monitoring. Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology, 2004. ICMMT 4th International Conference on, Proceedings. 2004(08): 974-977
[39] 陈广飞．基于GPRS的无线移动医疗设备系统的设计与实现．医疗卫生装备，2004 Vol．25 No．12：119-121
[40] Loker, David R., Frampton, Collin G., McElhaney, Titan J., Mook, Jonathan R., Sansone, Anthony M. Remote data acquisition using Bluetooth. ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings, 2005 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings, 2005: 12209-12223
[41] PTP2000 及其在不停车收费系统中的应用. http://218.106.165.186/Sutra/8279.html
[42] Ferrari, P. Flammini, A. Marioli, D. Sisinni, E. Taroni, A. A Bluetooth-based sensor network with Web interface. Instrumentation and Measurement. IEEE Transactions 2005 (54): 2359-2363
[43] 徐亮，阮江军，甘艳等．去耦电容在PCB板设计中的应用．电测与仪表，2002(04)：5～8
[2] 袁林．医用超声雾化器的工作原理及其改进．临床与护理工程，2002(2)：42-43
[3] M. G. Silk. Ultrasonic Transducer for Nondestructive Testing. AdamHilger Ltd. 1984
[4] G Perrin, L. Levin, B. T. Khuri-Yakub. Piezoelectrically Actuated Transducer and Droplet Ejector. IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, 1996: 913-916
[5] 周红，刘晓英，黄美清，钟如妹．临床应用雾化吸入疗法的护理进展．中华现代临床医学杂志，2004(01)：56-58
[6] N. Maehara, S, Ueha, E. Mori. Influence of the Vibrating System of a Multipinhole-plate Ultrasonic Nebulizer on its Performance. Rev. Sci. Instrum, 1986, 57(11): 2870-2876
[7] T. E. Stokes, G. C. Hocking. On the Optimal Inner Tube Shape for an Ultrasonic Nebulizer. Austral Mathematical Soc, 2001: 37-74
[8] 祁吉等主编．医学影像学辞典．北京科学出版社，1999(01)：217-218
[9] 郝世新．超声雾化器原设计分析与设计优化构想．医疗卫生装备，20040(6)：153
[10] 王水平．超声雾化器的电路原理及故障检修．医疗装备，2003(08)：177-178
[11] 刘博学，许春华，崔建伟．YC-Y800型医用超声雾化器的几点改进建议．122-125
[12] 徐徐．光子嫩肤仪智能监控系统的设计与实现．武汉理工大学，2006．
[13] 杨光友，朱宏辉．单片微型计算机原理及接口技术．中国水利水电出版社，2000(2)．
[14] 张明健．基于T6963点阵式液晶显示模块的应用分析．辽宁工程技术大学学报，2006(04)：564-566
[15] 栗桂冬，张金铎，王仁乾．压电换能器和换能器阵．北京大学出版社，1990
[16] 周向红．X5045芯片在单片机系统中的应用．现代电子技术，2006(05)：111-116
[17] 金伟正．温湿度检测控制系统的研制．电子与自动化，2000(02)：141-144
[18] 王洪明．基于DS18820的储粮温度检测的设计．经济技术协作信息，2003(07)：48-52
[19] DAUGHTON. J. M. GMR and SDT sensor application. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2000, 36: 2773-2778
[20] 宋焕章等著．计算机原理与设计下册：存储与外设．国防科技大学出版社，1999．7
[21] 薛小玲，吴寿强．数字式温度检测系统的设计．闽江学院学报，2003(05)：120-125
[22] MLLER. M. M, PRINZ. G. A, LUBITZ. P. et al. Novel absolute linear displacement sensor utilizing giant magneto resistance elements. J. Appl. Phys. 1997, 81(08): 4284-4286
[23] 沙占友，薛树琦，葛家怡．湿度传感器的发展趋势．电子技术应用，2003(07)：6-7
[24] 郭长春．一种基于80C196单片机的转速测量系统．武汉大学学报(工学版)，2003(08)：143-147
[25] Atmel Corporation. Information of AT89C52. American Atmel Corporation, 2001.
[26] [美]．布达克著，童宁荪译．电路理论基础及应用．科学出版社，1985：178-182．
[27] 童诗白，华成英主编，清华大学电子学教研室组编．模拟电子技术基础．高等教育出版社：402-403
[28] 马建如，吴立新．高频正弦波振荡器调测之探索．常州技术师范学院学报，2001(12)：142-145
[29] HUNTER. T. E and BOLT. R, H. Sonics, Wiley, New York/chapman&Hall, London, 138 (1955)
[30] 雷监铭，邹雪城，付先成．高精度高性能晶体振荡器电路．华中科技大学学报(自然科学版)，2006(05)：185-188
[31] Fong N, Plouchart J. Design of wide-band CMOS VCO for multiband wirless LAN application[J]. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuit, 2003, 38(8): 1333-1342
[32] Hegazi E, Sjoland H, Abidi A. A filtering technique to lower oscillator phase noise[J]. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuit, 2001, 36(12): 1921-1929
[33] 杨湘，王跃科，乔纯捷．蓝牙短距离无线通信技术．仪器仪表学报，2002(S1)：271-272
[34] Yangning, ZhengLiwu, Wanghao. Application of the Bluetooth technology in monitoring and controlling of logistics. Proceedings of the International Conference on Agile Manufacturing, Advances in Agile Manufacturing, 2003: 611-614
[35] Chiasserini. C, F. Marsan, M. A. A distributed self-healing approach to Bluetooth scattered formation. Wireless Communications. IEEE Transactions 2005(4): 2649-2654
[36] 孙吉福，朱绣鑫．PC机间蓝牙串口通信的HCI实现．山东建筑工程学院学报，2004(03)：118-123
[37] 许铭，王楠，侯紫峰．蓝牙仿真程序的设计与实现以及蓝牙性能分析．小型微型计算机系统，2004(08)：142-145
[38] Zhi Zhang, Ping Liu. Application of Bluetooth technology in ambulatory wireless medical monitoring. Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology, 2004. ICMMT 4th International Conference on, Proceedings. 2004(08): 974-977
[39] 陈广飞．基于GPRS的无线移动医疗设备系统的设计与实现．医疗卫生装备，2004 Vol．25 No．12：119-121
[40] Loker, David R., Frampton, Collin G., McElhaney, Titan J., Mook, Jonathan R., Sansone, Anthony M. Remote data acquisition using Bluetooth. ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings, 2005 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings, 2005: 12209-12223
[41] PTP2000 及其在不停车收费系统中的应用. http://218.106.165.186/Sutra/8279.html
[42] Ferrari, P. Flammini, A. Marioli, D. Sisinni, E. Taroni, A. A Bluetooth-based sensor network with Web interface. Instrumentation and Measurement. IEEE Transactions 2005 (54): 2359-2363
[43] 徐亮，阮江军，甘艳等．去耦电容在PCB板设计中的应用．电测与仪表，2002(04)：5～8