雏鸡新城疫Lasota疫苗免疫后IgA的消长规律
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摘要
本研究通过检测免疫后雏鸡的泪液、哈氏腺、气管液、胆汁、十二指肠液、盲肠扁桃体、血清的IgA含量和泪液、气管液、血清的HI效价，对Lasota弱毒苗免疫后雏鸡粘膜免疫系统中IgA的消长规律进行了研究。从而为深入研究粘膜免疫和新城疫的临床检测提供一定依据。
实验过程中，以160只健康的雏鸡作为研究对象，在14日龄时随机分成4组，每组40只。其中一组为对照组，另外三组分别用饮水、滴鼻、肌肉注射三种方法，在14日龄和28日龄时，对雏鸡进行新城疫Lasota弱毒苗的免疫。实验结果如下：
新城疫免疫，不管采用何种免疫途径，均可刺激全身的粘膜免疫抗体IgA和体液免疫抗体IgG的产生，并且随着免疫次数的增加而增加。
IgA的含量与免疫途径有关：粘膜免疫途径(如饮水、滴鼻免疫途径)在各粘膜免疫应答部位(泪液、气管液、哈氏腺、十二指肠液、盲肠扁桃体)中的IgA含量均高于非粘膜免疫途径(如肌肉注射免疫途径)。
在本实验的两种粘膜免疫途径中，滴鼻免疫组产生的IgA的量高于饮水免疫组产生的IgA的量。
对于同一免疫途径而言，粘膜免疫系统中的各个免疫应答部位所产生的IgA的量及其消长规律均有所不同。
The experiment was conducted to study the dynamic regularity of IgA content in chickens' mucosal immune system after La sola vaccining. The changes of IgA content in immunized chickens' tear, harderian gland, tracheal fluid, bile, duodenum fluid, appendices amygdale fluid and serum were all measured. On the other hand, the changes of HI titer in immunized chickens' tear, tracheal fluid and serum were also measured in the experiment, therefore, the results of present experiment can provide more detailed reference data and the basis theories for further research of the immunoreaction mechanism and the clinic determination of Newcastle Disease.
In the experiment, 160 chickens with similar health condition were regarded as the experimental animal, which were randomly divided into four groups, with 40 chickens in each one at 14 days old. One was the control group, the others were immunized with La sola vaccine by water, nose instillation and muscle injection respectively at 14 and 28 day old. The results can be concluded as following:
Firstly, all immunity approaches could produced mucosal immunity antibody IgA and humoral immunity antibody IgG, which would be gradually increased along with times of immunity .
Secondly, IgA contents had relation to the immunity approaches. In mucosal immunity approaches, such as water group, nose instillation group, the IgA content of chicken' different immunoreaction tissues, such as tear, harderian gland, tracheal fluid, bile, duodenum fluid, appendices amygdale fluid, serum, was higher than that in
the humoral immunity approaches, such as muscle injection group. So the mucosal immunity approaches was very important to improve immunity effect.
Thirdly, IgA content in nose instillation group was higher than that in water group in present experiment.
Finally, although the same immunity method was used, there was different in IgA content and the dynamic regularity of IgA content in chickens' different mucosal immune system, such as tear, harderian gland, tracheal fluid, bile, duodenum fluid, appendices amygdale fluid, serum .
实验过程中，以160只健康的雏鸡作为研究对象，在14日龄时随机分成4组，每组40只。其中一组为对照组，另外三组分别用饮水、滴鼻、肌肉注射三种方法，在14日龄和28日龄时，对雏鸡进行新城疫Lasota弱毒苗的免疫。实验结果如下：
新城疫免疫，不管采用何种免疫途径，均可刺激全身的粘膜免疫抗体IgA和体液免疫抗体IgG的产生，并且随着免疫次数的增加而增加。
IgA的含量与免疫途径有关：粘膜免疫途径(如饮水、滴鼻免疫途径)在各粘膜免疫应答部位(泪液、气管液、哈氏腺、十二指肠液、盲肠扁桃体)中的IgA含量均高于非粘膜免疫途径(如肌肉注射免疫途径)。
在本实验的两种粘膜免疫途径中，滴鼻免疫组产生的IgA的量高于饮水免疫组产生的IgA的量。
对于同一免疫途径而言，粘膜免疫系统中的各个免疫应答部位所产生的IgA的量及其消长规律均有所不同。
The experiment was conducted to study the dynamic regularity of IgA content in chickens' mucosal immune system after La sola vaccining. The changes of IgA content in immunized chickens' tear, harderian gland, tracheal fluid, bile, duodenum fluid, appendices amygdale fluid and serum were all measured. On the other hand, the changes of HI titer in immunized chickens' tear, tracheal fluid and serum were also measured in the experiment, therefore, the results of present experiment can provide more detailed reference data and the basis theories for further research of the immunoreaction mechanism and the clinic determination of Newcastle Disease.
In the experiment, 160 chickens with similar health condition were regarded as the experimental animal, which were randomly divided into four groups, with 40 chickens in each one at 14 days old. One was the control group, the others were immunized with La sola vaccine by water, nose instillation and muscle injection respectively at 14 and 28 day old. The results can be concluded as following:
Firstly, all immunity approaches could produced mucosal immunity antibody IgA and humoral immunity antibody IgG, which would be gradually increased along with times of immunity .
Secondly, IgA contents had relation to the immunity approaches. In mucosal immunity approaches, such as water group, nose instillation group, the IgA content of chicken' different immunoreaction tissues, such as tear, harderian gland, tracheal fluid, bile, duodenum fluid, appendices amygdale fluid, serum, was higher than that in
the humoral immunity approaches, such as muscle injection group. So the mucosal immunity approaches was very important to improve immunity effect.
Thirdly, IgA content in nose instillation group was higher than that in water group in present experiment.
Finally, although the same immunity method was used, there was different in IgA content and the dynamic regularity of IgA content in chickens' different mucosal immune system, such as tear, harderian gland, tracheal fluid, bile, duodenum fluid, appendices amygdale fluid, serum .
引文
[1] 马思奇．粘膜免疫与未来疫苗的发展．中国畜禽传染病，1994，6：55～57
[2] Beethan P K,Glick J W.A comparison of three isolation methods for obtainingimmunoglobulin in A from turkey bile.Avian Disease,1993,37:1026～1031
[3] 郭松林，阚南辉．粘膜免疫研究进展．预防兽医学进展，2000，2(3)：1～5
[4] 王克恭．口服免疫的机理及其应用．中国兽医科技，1992，22(12)：23～25
[5] 王魁．分泌型IgA及其在粘膜局部免疫和抗感染中的研究现状．中国兽医科技，1991，21(8)：18～20
[6] 高杰英．粘膜免疫向免疫学提出了新问题．上海免疫学杂志，2000，20(5)：257～259
[7] 王世若，王兴龙，韩文瑜等，现代动物免疫学．吉林：吉林科学技术出版社，2001(第2版)：260～267
[8] McGhee,J.R.,Jiri Mestecky,Mark,T.Dertzbaugh, et al.,Vaccine 1999,10:75～88
[9] 杨淑静．粘膜免疫．国外医学免疫学分册，2001，24(6)：296～299
[10] 祁保民，高齐瑜．动物粘膜免疫系统．中国兽医杂志，1998，24(4)：55～57
[11] Bienenstock,J.,A.D.Befus Mucosal immunology 1980,41:249～271
[12] 李富文．动物粘膜免疫系统，动物科学与动物医学，2001，18(6)：17～19
[13] 李淑琴．粘膜免疫和新型口服活疫苗．国外医学——微生物学分册，1994，5：211～213
[14] 史敏言，宗庭益，姚立人等．免疫学基础与临床，安徽：安徽科学技术出版社 1980(第一版)：36～37，332
[15] 杜念兴．兽医免疫学．上海：上海科学技术出版社，1984(第一版)：66～68
[16] 王彩虹，高齐瑜，李福军．粘膜免疫系统与分泌型IgA．中国兽医杂志，1997，23(7)：51～52
[17] 梁荣．鸡的免疫球蛋白及其应用．国外兽医学——畜禽疾病，1996，17(2)：4～6
[18] 刘胜旺，陈洪岩，曹殿军等．人工感染新城疫病毒引起Lasota疫苗雏鸡细胞免疫功能及血清IgG抗体的动态变化．中国畜禽传染病，1998，20(1)：18～20
[19] 文其乙，崔治中．家禽粘膜免疫在抗感染反应中的作用．养禽与禽病防治，2000，10：10～11
[20] Awan M A,Otte M Jand James AD.Avl Pathol 1994,23:405～423
[21] 曹殿军，孙宏建，闫丽辉等．新城疫Lasota、V_4疫苗免疫鸡和免疫攻毒鸡的特异性IgA抗体动态变化规律比较．中国预防兽医学报，2001，23(2)：84～86
[22] 吴艳涛，崔治中，张金坤等．鸡新城疫的免疫反应．中国家禽，1998，20(7)30～31
[23] 杨倩，毛卫华，汪爱芬．免疫途径对雏鸡分泌型免疫球蛋白A细胞分布的影响．南京农
业大学学报，1997，20(2)：82～86
[24] Michetti P, Mahan M J.Monoclonal secretory immunoglobulinA Protect Mice against oral challenge with the invasive pathogen salmonella typ hunurium infect immune1992,60(5):1786
[25] Maxson,et al. The protective role of enteral IgA supplement in neonata 1 gut origin sepsis J Pediatr surg 1995,30(2):231
[26] 严元庞．鸡新城疫免疫，感染与发病机理研究进展．中国兽医杂志，1993，19(12)：39～40
[27] Fix A S,et al Morphologic characterization of conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue in chickens Am.J.Vet.Res 1991,52(11):1852～1859
[28] Fix A S,et al Particle uptake by conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue(CALT) in turkeys Avian Disease 1991,35(1):100～106
[29] M Gallego,et al immunoglobulin classes syethesized by the chicken Harderian gland after local immunization Res. in Vet. Sci 1992,52:44～47
[30] Davelaar Fg, et al Effect of the removal of the harderian gland in 1-day-old chicks on immunity following IB vaccination Avian Disease 1980,9:489～497
[31] 祁保民，高齐瑜．鸡结膜结合淋巴组织的超微结构及其摄取抗原功能的研究．畜牧兽医学报，1995，26(6)：545～550
[32] 王彩虹，高齐瑜．雏鸡哈氏腺的组织化学特点．中国兽医杂志，1998，24(5)：6～8
[33] 王彩虹，高齐瑜，孙斌．鸡ND疫苗点眼免疫后哈氏腺中IgA、IgM、IgG型浆细胞的数量变化及分布特点．畜牧兽医学报，2002，33(5)，504～507
[34] 王彩虹，高齐瑜，孙斌．禽类粘膜免疫系统的一种研究模型．中国农业科学，2002，35(7)：839～843
[35] Beard CW.,Easterday,B.C.The influence of route of administration of Newcastle disease virus on host response.J.Infect Dis., 1967, 117 (2): 55～70
[36] Z.Zakay-Rones Secretory NDV antibody from chicken respiratory tract.J.Immune, 1972, 109(2): 311～316
[37] 刘忠贵，郑世民，高荣等．雏鸡对新城疫疫苗的免疫应答及其免疫保护机理．东北农学院学报，1993，24(1)：37～47
[38] 扬倩，毛卫华，黄国庆等．巴氏杆菌弱毒苗和鸡新城疫弱毒苗饮水免疫蛋鸡后分泌型免疫球蛋白A细胞的分布．中国畜禽传染病，1998，20(6)：340～342
[39] 王克恭．口服免疫的机理及其应用．中国兽医科技，1992，22(12)：39～40
[40] 陈金顶，辛朝安．家禽局部免疫．中国兽医科技，1998，28(6)：37～39
[41] [美]B．w．卡尔尼克主编，高福，刘文军主译．禽病学(第9版)．北京：北京农业大学出版社，1991：11
[42] 马保华 IgA与粘膜免疫 国外兽医学—畜禽传染病1998，18(4)：23～25
[43] Bruning-Fann. C.,Kaneen. J. Investigation of an outbreak of velogenicviscerotropic Newcastle disease in pet birds in michigon J.A.M.Vet.Med. Associ 1992,201:1709～1714
[44] Panigraphy,B.,Senne,D.A.,Peason,J.E. Occurrence velogenicviscerotropic Newcastle disease in pet and exotic birds in 1991 Avian Disease 1993,37:254～258
[45] 曹澍泽等主编．兽医微生物学及免疫学技术．北京：北京农业大学出版社，1992(第1版)：55～59
[46] 何昭阳，胡桂学，王春凤．动物免疫学实验技术．吉林：吉林科学技术出版社，2002(第一版)：97～110
[47] 孙建宏，曹殿军，刘培欣等．检测NDV特异性IgG、IgM、IgA的间接ELISA方法的建立．中国预防兽医学报，2001，23(1)：23～25
[48] Snyder D.B.,Marquadt W.W.,Mallinson E.T.et al.Rapid serological profiling by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Ⅰ.Measurement of antibody activity titer against Newcastle disease Virus in a single dilution.Avian Dis. 1983, 27:161～170
[49] Snyder D.B.,Marquadt W.W.,Mallinson E.T. et al. Rapid serological profiling by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Ⅲ.Simultameous measurements of antibody titers to infectious bronchitis virus,infectious bursal disease and Newcastle disease virus in a single serum dilution. Avian Dis. 1984, 28:12～24
[50] Miers L.A.,Bankowski R.A.and Zee Y.C. Optimizing the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for evaluating immunity in chickens to Newcastle disease.Avian Dis. 1983, 27:1112～1125
[2] Beethan P K,Glick J W.A comparison of three isolation methods for obtainingimmunoglobulin in A from turkey bile.Avian Disease,1993,37:1026～1031
[3] 郭松林，阚南辉．粘膜免疫研究进展．预防兽医学进展，2000，2(3)：1～5
[4] 王克恭．口服免疫的机理及其应用．中国兽医科技，1992，22(12)：23～25
[5] 王魁．分泌型IgA及其在粘膜局部免疫和抗感染中的研究现状．中国兽医科技，1991，21(8)：18～20
[6] 高杰英．粘膜免疫向免疫学提出了新问题．上海免疫学杂志，2000，20(5)：257～259
[7] 王世若，王兴龙，韩文瑜等，现代动物免疫学．吉林：吉林科学技术出版社，2001(第2版)：260～267
[8] McGhee,J.R.,Jiri Mestecky,Mark,T.Dertzbaugh, et al.,Vaccine 1999,10:75～88
[9] 杨淑静．粘膜免疫．国外医学免疫学分册，2001，24(6)：296～299
[10] 祁保民，高齐瑜．动物粘膜免疫系统．中国兽医杂志，1998，24(4)：55～57
[11] Bienenstock,J.,A.D.Befus Mucosal immunology 1980,41:249～271
[12] 李富文．动物粘膜免疫系统，动物科学与动物医学，2001，18(6)：17～19
[13] 李淑琴．粘膜免疫和新型口服活疫苗．国外医学——微生物学分册，1994，5：211～213
[14] 史敏言，宗庭益，姚立人等．免疫学基础与临床，安徽：安徽科学技术出版社 1980(第一版)：36～37，332
[15] 杜念兴．兽医免疫学．上海：上海科学技术出版社，1984(第一版)：66～68
[16] 王彩虹，高齐瑜，李福军．粘膜免疫系统与分泌型IgA．中国兽医杂志，1997，23(7)：51～52
[17] 梁荣．鸡的免疫球蛋白及其应用．国外兽医学——畜禽疾病，1996，17(2)：4～6
[18] 刘胜旺，陈洪岩，曹殿军等．人工感染新城疫病毒引起Lasota疫苗雏鸡细胞免疫功能及血清IgG抗体的动态变化．中国畜禽传染病，1998，20(1)：18～20
[19] 文其乙，崔治中．家禽粘膜免疫在抗感染反应中的作用．养禽与禽病防治，2000，10：10～11
[20] Awan M A,Otte M Jand James AD.Avl Pathol 1994,23:405～423
[21] 曹殿军，孙宏建，闫丽辉等．新城疫Lasota、V_4疫苗免疫鸡和免疫攻毒鸡的特异性IgA抗体动态变化规律比较．中国预防兽医学报，2001，23(2)：84～86
[22] 吴艳涛，崔治中，张金坤等．鸡新城疫的免疫反应．中国家禽，1998，20(7)30～31
[23] 杨倩，毛卫华，汪爱芬．免疫途径对雏鸡分泌型免疫球蛋白A细胞分布的影响．南京农
业大学学报，1997，20(2)：82～86
[24] Michetti P, Mahan M J.Monoclonal secretory immunoglobulinA Protect Mice against oral challenge with the invasive pathogen salmonella typ hunurium infect immune1992,60(5):1786
[25] Maxson,et al. The protective role of enteral IgA supplement in neonata 1 gut origin sepsis J Pediatr surg 1995,30(2):231
[26] 严元庞．鸡新城疫免疫，感染与发病机理研究进展．中国兽医杂志，1993，19(12)：39～40
[27] Fix A S,et al Morphologic characterization of conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue in chickens Am.J.Vet.Res 1991,52(11):1852～1859
[28] Fix A S,et al Particle uptake by conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue(CALT) in turkeys Avian Disease 1991,35(1):100～106
[29] M Gallego,et al immunoglobulin classes syethesized by the chicken Harderian gland after local immunization Res. in Vet. Sci 1992,52:44～47
[30] Davelaar Fg, et al Effect of the removal of the harderian gland in 1-day-old chicks on immunity following IB vaccination Avian Disease 1980,9:489～497
[31] 祁保民，高齐瑜．鸡结膜结合淋巴组织的超微结构及其摄取抗原功能的研究．畜牧兽医学报，1995，26(6)：545～550
[32] 王彩虹，高齐瑜．雏鸡哈氏腺的组织化学特点．中国兽医杂志，1998，24(5)：6～8
[33] 王彩虹，高齐瑜，孙斌．鸡ND疫苗点眼免疫后哈氏腺中IgA、IgM、IgG型浆细胞的数量变化及分布特点．畜牧兽医学报，2002，33(5)，504～507
[34] 王彩虹，高齐瑜，孙斌．禽类粘膜免疫系统的一种研究模型．中国农业科学，2002，35(7)：839～843
[35] Beard CW.,Easterday,B.C.The influence of route of administration of Newcastle disease virus on host response.J.Infect Dis., 1967, 117 (2): 55～70
[36] Z.Zakay-Rones Secretory NDV antibody from chicken respiratory tract.J.Immune, 1972, 109(2): 311～316
[37] 刘忠贵，郑世民，高荣等．雏鸡对新城疫疫苗的免疫应答及其免疫保护机理．东北农学院学报，1993，24(1)：37～47
[38] 扬倩，毛卫华，黄国庆等．巴氏杆菌弱毒苗和鸡新城疫弱毒苗饮水免疫蛋鸡后分泌型免疫球蛋白A细胞的分布．中国畜禽传染病，1998，20(6)：340～342
[39] 王克恭．口服免疫的机理及其应用．中国兽医科技，1992，22(12)：39～40
[40] 陈金顶，辛朝安．家禽局部免疫．中国兽医科技，1998，28(6)：37～39
[41] [美]B．w．卡尔尼克主编，高福，刘文军主译．禽病学(第9版)．北京：北京农业大学出版社，1991：11
[42] 马保华 IgA与粘膜免疫 国外兽医学—畜禽传染病1998，18(4)：23～25
[43] Bruning-Fann. C.,Kaneen. J. Investigation of an outbreak of velogenicviscerotropic Newcastle disease in pet birds in michigon J.A.M.Vet.Med. Associ 1992,201:1709～1714
[44] Panigraphy,B.,Senne,D.A.,Peason,J.E. Occurrence velogenicviscerotropic Newcastle disease in pet and exotic birds in 1991 Avian Disease 1993,37:254～258
[45] 曹澍泽等主编．兽医微生物学及免疫学技术．北京：北京农业大学出版社，1992(第1版)：55～59
[46] 何昭阳，胡桂学，王春凤．动物免疫学实验技术．吉林：吉林科学技术出版社，2002(第一版)：97～110
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