汽车分队运输安全评价研究
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摘要
本文首先阐述了进行汽车分队运输安全评价的重要意义,并从驾驶员素质,车辆状况及道路环境三个方面系统分析了影响汽车分队运输安全的因素。在此基础上,构建了多层次的运输安全评价指标体系,并使用专家调查法确定了各评价指标的权重。在评价方法上,提出了模糊综合评价法和检查表分析法相结合的评价方法(FCE/CA)。引入了模糊综合评价法,建立了运输安全评价的数学模型,定量评价运输安全等级;设计了组合式运输安全检查表,定性分析运输安全水平,提出针对性预防对策。
其次,运用Visual Basic和Access软件开发了运输安全评价信息系统(TSAIS)。该系统简单易用、界面良好,能快速、准确地完成评价工作。
最后,在部队某汽车连,通过使用运输安全评价信息系统和运输安全检查表,在驾驶员执行运输任务前进行了分析评价,得出了的运输安全等级,提出了科学合理的预防事故对策。应用实例表明:该安全评价方法得当,安全检查表设计合理,评价信息系统易操作、效果较好,可以在汽车分队执行日常运输任务前使用。
This paper firstly introduces the significance of transport safety assessment, and analyzes systematically the qualification of drivers, the condition of vehicle and traffic situation which influence the transport safety. On the basis of this, the transport evaluation system of multi-levels is built up. Expert investigation is used to define the weight of all evaluation indexs. Regarding the evaluation method, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and safety checklist analysis are applied together. Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is introduced and the transport safty assessment model is set up to evaluate the grade of transport safety quantitatively. Conbined safety checklist is designed to qualitatively analyze the level of transport safety, and targeted preventive actions are proposed.
Secondly, Visual Basic and Access are used to develop the transport safety assessment information system (TSAIS), which is simple, easy, user-friendly and able to finish the assessment quickly and exactly.
Finally, take one vehicle troop for example, the transport safety level is got, scientific and reasonable actions are brought forward to prevent the accident before executing the transport assignment, just by using this checklist and TSAIS. The result shows that this assessment method is proper and feasible. The checklist for transport assessment is reasonable, TSAIS is easy to use and can achieve good result. So, it can be used before executing daily transport assignment in vehicle troop.
其次,运用Visual Basic和Access软件开发了运输安全评价信息系统(TSAIS)。该系统简单易用、界面良好,能快速、准确地完成评价工作。
最后,在部队某汽车连,通过使用运输安全评价信息系统和运输安全检查表,在驾驶员执行运输任务前进行了分析评价,得出了的运输安全等级,提出了科学合理的预防事故对策。应用实例表明:该安全评价方法得当,安全检查表设计合理,评价信息系统易操作、效果较好,可以在汽车分队执行日常运输任务前使用。
This paper firstly introduces the significance of transport safety assessment, and analyzes systematically the qualification of drivers, the condition of vehicle and traffic situation which influence the transport safety. On the basis of this, the transport evaluation system of multi-levels is built up. Expert investigation is used to define the weight of all evaluation indexs. Regarding the evaluation method, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and safety checklist analysis are applied together. Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is introduced and the transport safty assessment model is set up to evaluate the grade of transport safety quantitatively. Conbined safety checklist is designed to qualitatively analyze the level of transport safety, and targeted preventive actions are proposed.
Secondly, Visual Basic and Access are used to develop the transport safety assessment information system (TSAIS), which is simple, easy, user-friendly and able to finish the assessment quickly and exactly.
Finally, take one vehicle troop for example, the transport safety level is got, scientific and reasonable actions are brought forward to prevent the accident before executing the transport assignment, just by using this checklist and TSAIS. The result shows that this assessment method is proper and feasible. The checklist for transport assessment is reasonable, TSAIS is easy to use and can achieve good result. So, it can be used before executing daily transport assignment in vehicle troop.
引文
[1]魏国平.科学预防军车交通事故[J].道路交通管理,2007,(8):22-24
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[3]刘冀和.全面贯彻落实规章制度做好部队车辆交通事故预防工作[J].汽车运用,2005,(11):20
[4]刘文光,杨武.提升部队车辆安全管理效能注重统筹好四个关系[J].汽车运用,2006,(12):23～24
[5]肖贵平,朱晓宁.交通安全工程[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2004
[6]国家安全生产监督管理局.安全评价[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2003
[7]张殿业.道路交通安全管理体系[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2005
[8]王海,唐克.浅谈军交运输信息资源建设[J].汽车运用,2008,(1):20～21
[9]邵祖峰.交通管理安全防范技术[M].北京:中国人民公安大学出版社,2006
[10]景云,吕松林.道路交通安全技术[M].银川:宁夏人民出版社,2006
[11]张文斌.提高驾驶员队伍素质做好预防事故工作[J].汽车运用,2002,(8):18
[12]Poul G.and M.Sc.Road Accidents in Denmark[J].The International Association of Traffic and Safety Science Research,2000,24(1):78～80
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[14]张国华.汽车分队车辆事故预防途径浅析[J].汽车运用,2007,(11):27
[15]曾壮,周莉蓉.汽车驾驶处理与安全自救[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2006
[16]裴玉龙,王炜.道路交通事故成因及预防对策[M].北京:科学出版社,2004
[17]王健.交通安全心理学[M].北京:科学技术出版社,1988
[18]王伯达.论汽车驾驶员良好心理素质的培养[J].湖南农机,2007,(3):74～75
[19]李红梅.驾驶员心理特征与交通事故的关系[J].中华创伤杂志,2001,(5):229～230
[20]张艳霞.影响驾驶员行车安全的心理因素与对策研究[J].山东交通学院学报,2004,12(1):89～91
[21]沈斐敏,陈伯辉.道路交通安全[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007
[22]张贵发.军车交通事故的成因及预防对策浅议[J].汽车运用,2007,(12):27～28
[23]王方剑.车主安全行车宝典[M].北京:中国经济出版社,2005
[24]肖强.军队车辆安全管理研究[D].兰州:兰州理工大学,2004
[25]郭忠印,方守恩.道路安全工程[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2003
[26]欧国立.农村公路建设浪潮将至[EB/OL].[2009-03-29].http://www.sciencenet.cn/sbhtmlnews/2009/3/217574.html
[27]宋年秀.汽车驾驶技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005
[28]严共华,韩国胜.冬季安全行车三要点[J].汽车运用,2009,(1):39
[29]陆刚.雾天安全行车措施[J].汽车运用,2008,(4):40
[30]陈喜山.系统安全工程学[M].北京:中国建材工业出版社,2006
[31]刘铁民,张兴凯等.安全评价方法应用指南[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005
[32]尹欣.道路运输企业安全管理综合评价研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2004
[33]巩航军.道路运输企业安全综合评价研究[D].西安:长安大学,2004
[34]李柏年.模糊数学及其应用[M].合肥:合肥工业大学出版社,2007
[35]刘新建.系统评价学[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2007
[36]Sverker Almqvist.Christer Hyden.Methods for Assessing Traffic Safety in Developing Countries.Building issues -SIDA and LCHS.Volume 6.1994
[37]Hara,Nakamura,Shinya.A comprehensive assessment system for the maritime traffic environment,1995,19
[38]Teghem Jr J,DuFrane D:An interactive method for multiobjective linear programming under unceatainty.European Journal Opeartional Research.1986.26(1)
[39]王寄存等.铁路运输安全评价体系研究[J].铁道货运,2006,(12):21～24
[40]韩思,韩文涛.武警部队运输安全评价指标体系探析[J].现代交通技术,2007,4(5):70～72
[41]边浩毅,李百川.道路运输企业安全评价方法及实例分析[J].安全与环境学报,2006,6(2):89～91
[42]Hibbert B and Wilkison E.Chaos Theory and the Dynamics of Marketing Systems.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,1994,22(3)
[43]Zaza S.,Carande-Kulis,et al.Methods for Conducting Systematic Reviews of the Evidence and Economic Efficiency of Interventions to Reduce Injuries to Motor Vehicle Occupants.American Journal of Preventive Medicine,2001,21(4):23～30
[44]李安贵,张志宏.模糊数学及其应用[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2005
[45]余琼芳,陈迎松.模糊数学中隶属函数的构造策略[J].漯河职业技术学院学报,2003,2(1):12～14
[46]李家军.对隶属函数确定方法的探讨[J].贵州工业大学学报,2004,(6):12～14
[47]沈斐敏,张荣贵.道路交通事故预测与预防[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2007
[48]陈水利,李敬功.模糊集理论及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2005
[49]Durga Rao K,Gopika V,et al.Test interval optimization of safety systems of nuclear power plant using fuzzy-genetic approach.Reliability Engineering & System Safety,2007,92(7):895～901
[50]Gottward S.Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic.Vieweg Verlag,1993
[51]李鸿吉.模糊数学基础及实用算法[M].北京:科学出版社,2005
[52]赵乃真.信息系统设计与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[53]袁跃峰,魏力生.Visual Basic程序设计[M].合肥:合肥工业大学出版社,2007
[54]曾琦.Visual Basic 6.0编程实例与技巧[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1998
[55]李鸿吉.Visual Basic6.0编程方法详解[M].北京:科学出版社,2001
[56]杨富国.Visual Basic6.0程序开发案例解析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006
[57]赛奎春,高春艳.Visual Basic信息系统开发实例精选[M].牝京:机械工业出版社,2005
[58]张立科.Visual Basic6.0信息管理系统开发实例导航[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2005
[59]刘文涛.Visual Basic+Accesss数据库开发与实例[M].北京:清华大学出版社,
[2]中华人民共和国公安部交通管理局.2008年全国道路交通事故情况[EB/OL].[2009-01-04].http://www.mps.gov.cn/n16/n1282/n3553/1770249.html
[3]刘冀和.全面贯彻落实规章制度做好部队车辆交通事故预防工作[J].汽车运用,2005,(11):20
[4]刘文光,杨武.提升部队车辆安全管理效能注重统筹好四个关系[J].汽车运用,2006,(12):23～24
[5]肖贵平,朱晓宁.交通安全工程[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2004
[6]国家安全生产监督管理局.安全评价[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2003
[7]张殿业.道路交通安全管理体系[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2005
[8]王海,唐克.浅谈军交运输信息资源建设[J].汽车运用,2008,(1):20～21
[9]邵祖峰.交通管理安全防范技术[M].北京:中国人民公安大学出版社,2006
[10]景云,吕松林.道路交通安全技术[M].银川:宁夏人民出版社,2006
[11]张文斌.提高驾驶员队伍素质做好预防事故工作[J].汽车运用,2002,(8):18
[12]Poul G.and M.Sc.Road Accidents in Denmark[J].The International Association of Traffic and Safety Science Research,2000,24(1):78～80
[13]Oppe S..Development of Traffic and Traffic Safety:Global Trends and Incidental Fluctuations.Accident Analysis and Prevention,1991,5
[14]张国华.汽车分队车辆事故预防途径浅析[J].汽车运用,2007,(11):27
[15]曾壮,周莉蓉.汽车驾驶处理与安全自救[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2006
[16]裴玉龙,王炜.道路交通事故成因及预防对策[M].北京:科学出版社,2004
[17]王健.交通安全心理学[M].北京:科学技术出版社,1988
[18]王伯达.论汽车驾驶员良好心理素质的培养[J].湖南农机,2007,(3):74～75
[19]李红梅.驾驶员心理特征与交通事故的关系[J].中华创伤杂志,2001,(5):229～230
[20]张艳霞.影响驾驶员行车安全的心理因素与对策研究[J].山东交通学院学报,2004,12(1):89～91
[21]沈斐敏,陈伯辉.道路交通安全[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007
[22]张贵发.军车交通事故的成因及预防对策浅议[J].汽车运用,2007,(12):27～28
[23]王方剑.车主安全行车宝典[M].北京:中国经济出版社,2005
[24]肖强.军队车辆安全管理研究[D].兰州:兰州理工大学,2004
[25]郭忠印,方守恩.道路安全工程[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2003
[26]欧国立.农村公路建设浪潮将至[EB/OL].[2009-03-29].http://www.sciencenet.cn/sbhtmlnews/2009/3/217574.html
[27]宋年秀.汽车驾驶技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005
[28]严共华,韩国胜.冬季安全行车三要点[J].汽车运用,2009,(1):39
[29]陆刚.雾天安全行车措施[J].汽车运用,2008,(4):40
[30]陈喜山.系统安全工程学[M].北京:中国建材工业出版社,2006
[31]刘铁民,张兴凯等.安全评价方法应用指南[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005
[32]尹欣.道路运输企业安全管理综合评价研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2004
[33]巩航军.道路运输企业安全综合评价研究[D].西安:长安大学,2004
[34]李柏年.模糊数学及其应用[M].合肥:合肥工业大学出版社,2007
[35]刘新建.系统评价学[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2007
[36]Sverker Almqvist.Christer Hyden.Methods for Assessing Traffic Safety in Developing Countries.Building issues -SIDA and LCHS.Volume 6.1994
[37]Hara,Nakamura,Shinya.A comprehensive assessment system for the maritime traffic environment,1995,19
[38]Teghem Jr J,DuFrane D:An interactive method for multiobjective linear programming under unceatainty.European Journal Opeartional Research.1986.26(1)
[39]王寄存等.铁路运输安全评价体系研究[J].铁道货运,2006,(12):21～24
[40]韩思,韩文涛.武警部队运输安全评价指标体系探析[J].现代交通技术,2007,4(5):70～72
[41]边浩毅,李百川.道路运输企业安全评价方法及实例分析[J].安全与环境学报,2006,6(2):89～91
[42]Hibbert B and Wilkison E.Chaos Theory and the Dynamics of Marketing Systems.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,1994,22(3)
[43]Zaza S.,Carande-Kulis,et al.Methods for Conducting Systematic Reviews of the Evidence and Economic Efficiency of Interventions to Reduce Injuries to Motor Vehicle Occupants.American Journal of Preventive Medicine,2001,21(4):23～30
[44]李安贵,张志宏.模糊数学及其应用[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2005
[45]余琼芳,陈迎松.模糊数学中隶属函数的构造策略[J].漯河职业技术学院学报,2003,2(1):12～14
[46]李家军.对隶属函数确定方法的探讨[J].贵州工业大学学报,2004,(6):12～14
[47]沈斐敏,张荣贵.道路交通事故预测与预防[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2007
[48]陈水利,李敬功.模糊集理论及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2005
[49]Durga Rao K,Gopika V,et al.Test interval optimization of safety systems of nuclear power plant using fuzzy-genetic approach.Reliability Engineering & System Safety,2007,92(7):895～901
[50]Gottward S.Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic.Vieweg Verlag,1993
[51]李鸿吉.模糊数学基础及实用算法[M].北京:科学出版社,2005
[52]赵乃真.信息系统设计与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[53]袁跃峰,魏力生.Visual Basic程序设计[M].合肥:合肥工业大学出版社,2007
[54]曾琦.Visual Basic 6.0编程实例与技巧[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1998
[55]李鸿吉.Visual Basic6.0编程方法详解[M].北京:科学出版社,2001
[56]杨富国.Visual Basic6.0程序开发案例解析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006
[57]赛奎春,高春艳.Visual Basic信息系统开发实例精选[M].牝京:机械工业出版社,2005
[58]张立科.Visual Basic6.0信息管理系统开发实例导航[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2005
[59]刘文涛.Visual Basic+Accesss数据库开发与实例[M].北京:清华大学出版社,