基于实测和热工参数场重建的建筑物（群）能耗分析系统研究
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摘要
据统计,目前建筑能耗已占我国能耗总能耗的26.7%。随着能源供求关系的紧张,降低建筑能耗已不仅是经济问题,更是关系到国家战略的问题。因此,对建筑节能的研究显得十分重要。本文针对现阶段建筑节能的研究方法的不足提出了一种基于物理模型实测和热工参数场重建的方法,试图找到建筑的能耗规律,为降低建筑能耗做出贡献。
本文首先介绍了课题的背景情况和意义、建筑节能研究的发展现状,阐明了建筑节能重要性和迫切性,介绍了传统建筑节能的几种方法和研究现状,流场数值重建技术的发展现状及在建筑节能领域的应用情况。以此为背景,开展基于建筑物理模型热工参数场实时重建建筑节能诊断研究。
随后本文完成了在线实时监测系统的设计,介绍了系统总体方案设计、系统软硬件功能、系统的实现过程和系统数据库设计。在此基础上,利用计算流体力学的方法对建筑模型内的热工参数场进行数值重建。基于传热学知识建立房间热平衡模型,在建筑模型内模拟不同天气环境进行实验分析研究,得出能量流动与传递规律,指出热工缺陷部位,完成对建筑能耗分析与诊断工作。
最后对工作进行了总结,指出了研究过程还存在的问题,为进一步的深入研究提出建议。
According to statistics, China's building energy consumption accounts for about 30% of total energy consumption. As the tension between the energy supply and demand, reduce building energy consumption is not only an economic issue, but also a problem related to the national strategy, Therefore, the research on building energy efficiency is very important. In this paper, building energy conservation methods at this stage less than the physical model is proposed based on thermal parameters of field measurement and reconstruction method, trying to find the energy consumption of building law, make contribute to improving building energy efficiency.
This paper introduces the background and significance of the subject,development of building energy efficiency,describes the traditional method of building energy efficiency research,the development of the numerical reconstruction and the application to building energy saving,then introduced a online monitoring for building diagnose. After that,to carry out building energy diagnose research based on the building model and real-time thermal parameters reconstruction.
Then the paper design an online real-time monitoring system, describe system hardware and software,system implementation process and the system database design. Base on this, using methods of computational fluid dynamics model to simulate the thermal parameters field,then establish a heat transfer model to describe the room heat balance. Try to find the rule of building energy transfer and find a way to improving building efficiency.
At last, this thesis summarizes the paper, pointed out the problems may exist and indicate what else we can do in following phase.
本文首先介绍了课题的背景情况和意义、建筑节能研究的发展现状,阐明了建筑节能重要性和迫切性,介绍了传统建筑节能的几种方法和研究现状,流场数值重建技术的发展现状及在建筑节能领域的应用情况。以此为背景,开展基于建筑物理模型热工参数场实时重建建筑节能诊断研究。
随后本文完成了在线实时监测系统的设计,介绍了系统总体方案设计、系统软硬件功能、系统的实现过程和系统数据库设计。在此基础上,利用计算流体力学的方法对建筑模型内的热工参数场进行数值重建。基于传热学知识建立房间热平衡模型,在建筑模型内模拟不同天气环境进行实验分析研究,得出能量流动与传递规律,指出热工缺陷部位,完成对建筑能耗分析与诊断工作。
最后对工作进行了总结,指出了研究过程还存在的问题,为进一步的深入研究提出建议。
According to statistics, China's building energy consumption accounts for about 30% of total energy consumption. As the tension between the energy supply and demand, reduce building energy consumption is not only an economic issue, but also a problem related to the national strategy, Therefore, the research on building energy efficiency is very important. In this paper, building energy conservation methods at this stage less than the physical model is proposed based on thermal parameters of field measurement and reconstruction method, trying to find the energy consumption of building law, make contribute to improving building energy efficiency.
This paper introduces the background and significance of the subject,development of building energy efficiency,describes the traditional method of building energy efficiency research,the development of the numerical reconstruction and the application to building energy saving,then introduced a online monitoring for building diagnose. After that,to carry out building energy diagnose research based on the building model and real-time thermal parameters reconstruction.
Then the paper design an online real-time monitoring system, describe system hardware and software,system implementation process and the system database design. Base on this, using methods of computational fluid dynamics model to simulate the thermal parameters field,then establish a heat transfer model to describe the room heat balance. Try to find the rule of building energy transfer and find a way to improving building efficiency.
At last, this thesis summarizes the paper, pointed out the problems may exist and indicate what else we can do in following phase.
引文
[1]张波等.中国能源安全现状及其可持续发展[J].国土与自然资源研究.2004,(3):75-76
[2]涂永红.建筑节能势在必行—访中国房地产协会会长杨镇[J],墙材革新与建筑节能.2004年1期
[3]陈俨.建设节约型社会背景下的建筑节能质量监督管理[J].研究探讨,2008,(2): 47-48
[4]罗红安.浅谈我国建筑节能的具体措施[J].山西建筑,2007,(33):242-243
[5]陈小龙,赵海鹏等.建筑节约型社会背景下的建筑节能问题与对策-以夏热冬冷的地区为例[J].同济大学学报(社会学科版),2008,(19):120-124
[6]张波,陈晨等.中国能源安全现状及其可持续发展[J].地质技术经济管理,2004,(26):56-59
[7] ASHRAE HANDBOOK 1990 FUNDAMENTALS,ASHRAE.1990
[8] Sowell E F, Hittle D C.Evolution of building energy simulation methodology[J]. ASHRAE Trans. 1995,101(1):850-855
[9]夏热冬冷地区居住建筑节能设计标准JGJ143-2001[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001
[10]样迎七.长江流域住宅冷暖能耗分析[D].重庆建筑大学硕士学位论文.1996.12
[11]李立,田胜元.对中国建筑供热、空调能耗分析实用简化法—湿频数(BIN)法的研究[J].建筑热能通风空调,1999(4).16-17
[12]侯余波.夏热冬暖地区建筑师用建筑能耗计算方法的研究[D].重庆大学硕士学位论文.2001.12
[13] Chapter 28: Residential cooling and heating load calculations, 2001 ASHRAE FUNDAMENTALS HANDBOOK, ASHRAE, 2001.
[14] Dr.Tamami Kusuda,P.E. Ish Sud. Comparison of DOE-2-Generated Residential Design Energy Budgets with those Calculated by Degree-Day and BINMethods.ASHRAE Trans. 1981.491-499
[15] S.C.Diamond C.C.Cappiello.User-Effert Validation Tests of the DOE-2 Building Energy Analysis Computer Program.ASHRAE Trans. 1985.712-719
[16]中国人民共和国节约能源法[S].1998
[17]彭昌海.关于建筑节能现场测试的几点思考[J].暖通空调,2005,(3):51-53.
[18]崔春荣.西安既有居住建筑热工能耗指标测试与模拟[D].西安建筑科技大学,硕士学位论文
[19]田斌守.建筑节能现场检测维护结构传热系数的讨论[J].节能,2003,(11):42-44
[20] Standard Test Method for Steady- State Thermal Performance of Building Assemblies by Means of a Guarded Hot Box( ASTMC1363-97)[S].American Society for Testing and materials,1977.
[21] A Hagishima, J Tanimoto. Field measurements for estimating the convective heat transfer coefficient at building surface[J].Building and Environment, 2003,38(6):873-881.
[22]潘雷,陈宝明,方肇洪,韩保华,热箱法现场检测建筑物围护结构热阻的探讨[J].建筑热能通风空调, 2005,(2) : 74-80.
[23]张晓娟,王红兴,彭记永,晋建设,张素霞,谈地面观测中大风记录处理与编发报[J].现代农业科技.2010,(1)
[24]赵汉中.工程流体力学[M].华中科技大学出版社,2005:55~60.
[25]贾彬,王汝哼。风洞实验在我国建筑工程中的应用简介[J].四川建筑科学研究[J].2006, 3
[26]魏奇科,李正良等.超高层建筑表面脉动风压空间相关特性试验研究[J].实验流体力学[J],2010,24(5)
[27]王宝民,刘辉志,桑建国等.北京商务中心风环境风洞实验研究[J].气候与环境研究,2004(9)631~639
[28]洛奇.丘陵地形大气污染物输移扩散风洞实验[D].天津大学机械工程学院硕士学位论文.2008
[29] Nyuk Hien Wong, Sani Heryanto The study of active stack effect to enhance naturalventilation using wind tunnel and computational fluid dynamics(CFD) simulations[J], Energy and Buildings, 2004(36): 668-678
[30] Michael N.Rychago and Helmut Ermert. Cross-flow Visualization by Acoustic CT Mesurements[J].Ultrasoniscs, 1966,34:517-522
[31]刘辉,陈志坤.应用正则化方法重建锅炉二维温度场[J].冶金自动化,2007,增刊
[32] T.TheuS1, T.Moller, J.Hladuvka. Reconstruction Issues in Volume Visualization. Data Visualization, B.Hamann, and G-P.Bonneau,eds,pp. 109-126,2003
[33]张伯寅,桑建国,吴国昌.建筑群环境风场的特性及模拟[J].力学与实践.2004(3)
[34] S.Somarathne, M.Seymour, M.Kolokotroni, Dynamic thermal CFD simulation of a typical office by efficient transient solution methods[J], Building and Environment 40(2005)887-896
[35] Zhiqiang John Zhai , Qingyan Yan Chen . Sensitivity analysis and application guides for integrated building energy and CFD simulation[J]. Energy and Buildings 38 (2006) 1060–1068
[36] Ian Beausoleil-Morrison. The adaptive conflation of computational fluid dynamics with whole-building thermal simulation[J]. Energy and Buildings 34 (2002) 857–871
[37]费力群,董平.高等空气动力学电子版[M],第一版(修改版).哈尔滨工业大学发动机气动研究中心. 2002.3.1
[38] Jones A C, Launder D B .Lectures in mathematical models of turbulence[J]. London: Academic Press, 1972.358
[39] Patankar, S.V.传热与流体流动的数值方法[M],郭宽良译,安徽科技出版社,1984.
[40]汪国山,毛新青.电站凝汽器内流场和传热的准三维数值计算程序PPOC3.0的开发研究[J].动力工程,2001(5)1450~1458
[41]叶淑君,戴水汉.地下水流二维、准三维及三维模型模拟结果比较[J].水文地质工程地质,2003(5)23~27
[42]孙卫阳,王宗山.黄、渤海盐度准三维数值预报模式[J].海洋学报,1993(15)37~45
[43]李惠君.大气边界层特性的风洞模拟研究[D].浙江大学,2008
[44]刘欣.应用计算机模拟研究计算节能[J].宁夏科技,1998(2)27-28
[45]曹叔维.房间热过程和空调负荷[M].上海:上海科学技术文献出版社,1997.
[46]屈睿瑰.建筑热平衡模型及南昌市建筑能耗初步分析[D].华东交通大学,2007
[47]能耗监测系统及分项计量技术的应用于研究.季柳金[J],许锦峰,徐楠建筑节能2009,(8) 33
[48] Zhen Tian, James A.Love. Energy performance optimization of radiant slab cooling using building simulation and field measurements. Energy and Buildings[J], 2009.(41)320-330
[49] Haris Doukas, Christos Nychtis, John Psarras. Assessing energy-saving measurement in buildings through an intelligent decision support model. Build and Environment[J]. 2009.(44)290-298
[50]邹源.夏热冬暖地区居住建筑热工性能及能耗的模拟分析[D].西安建筑科技大学. 2004
[51]胡朝华,余鹏,罗运有.东莞市某政府机关办公建筑节能诊断[J].建筑监督检测与造价,2010(3)40-43
[52]徐明,朱庆春.风向风速测量设计[J].气象水文海洋仪器.2008,4
[53]陈明霞,陈燕萍等.风向风速传感器原理及故障排除[J].青海气象.2005
[54]张翼飞,孙以材等.基于压力传感器的风速风压测量系统与无线数据传输[J].传感器世界.2009,44~46
[55]张晓娟,王红兴等.谈地面观测中大风记录处理与编发报[J].现代农业科技.2010,58~62
[2]涂永红.建筑节能势在必行—访中国房地产协会会长杨镇[J],墙材革新与建筑节能.2004年1期
[3]陈俨.建设节约型社会背景下的建筑节能质量监督管理[J].研究探讨,2008,(2): 47-48
[4]罗红安.浅谈我国建筑节能的具体措施[J].山西建筑,2007,(33):242-243
[5]陈小龙,赵海鹏等.建筑节约型社会背景下的建筑节能问题与对策-以夏热冬冷的地区为例[J].同济大学学报(社会学科版),2008,(19):120-124
[6]张波,陈晨等.中国能源安全现状及其可持续发展[J].地质技术经济管理,2004,(26):56-59
[7] ASHRAE HANDBOOK 1990 FUNDAMENTALS,ASHRAE.1990
[8] Sowell E F, Hittle D C.Evolution of building energy simulation methodology[J]. ASHRAE Trans. 1995,101(1):850-855
[9]夏热冬冷地区居住建筑节能设计标准JGJ143-2001[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001
[10]样迎七.长江流域住宅冷暖能耗分析[D].重庆建筑大学硕士学位论文.1996.12
[11]李立,田胜元.对中国建筑供热、空调能耗分析实用简化法—湿频数(BIN)法的研究[J].建筑热能通风空调,1999(4).16-17
[12]侯余波.夏热冬暖地区建筑师用建筑能耗计算方法的研究[D].重庆大学硕士学位论文.2001.12
[13] Chapter 28: Residential cooling and heating load calculations, 2001 ASHRAE FUNDAMENTALS HANDBOOK, ASHRAE, 2001.
[14] Dr.Tamami Kusuda,P.E. Ish Sud. Comparison of DOE-2-Generated Residential Design Energy Budgets with those Calculated by Degree-Day and BINMethods.ASHRAE Trans. 1981.491-499
[15] S.C.Diamond C.C.Cappiello.User-Effert Validation Tests of the DOE-2 Building Energy Analysis Computer Program.ASHRAE Trans. 1985.712-719
[16]中国人民共和国节约能源法[S].1998
[17]彭昌海.关于建筑节能现场测试的几点思考[J].暖通空调,2005,(3):51-53.
[18]崔春荣.西安既有居住建筑热工能耗指标测试与模拟[D].西安建筑科技大学,硕士学位论文
[19]田斌守.建筑节能现场检测维护结构传热系数的讨论[J].节能,2003,(11):42-44
[20] Standard Test Method for Steady- State Thermal Performance of Building Assemblies by Means of a Guarded Hot Box( ASTMC1363-97)[S].American Society for Testing and materials,1977.
[21] A Hagishima, J Tanimoto. Field measurements for estimating the convective heat transfer coefficient at building surface[J].Building and Environment, 2003,38(6):873-881.
[22]潘雷,陈宝明,方肇洪,韩保华,热箱法现场检测建筑物围护结构热阻的探讨[J].建筑热能通风空调, 2005,(2) : 74-80.
[23]张晓娟,王红兴,彭记永,晋建设,张素霞,谈地面观测中大风记录处理与编发报[J].现代农业科技.2010,(1)
[24]赵汉中.工程流体力学[M].华中科技大学出版社,2005:55~60.
[25]贾彬,王汝哼。风洞实验在我国建筑工程中的应用简介[J].四川建筑科学研究[J].2006, 3
[26]魏奇科,李正良等.超高层建筑表面脉动风压空间相关特性试验研究[J].实验流体力学[J],2010,24(5)
[27]王宝民,刘辉志,桑建国等.北京商务中心风环境风洞实验研究[J].气候与环境研究,2004(9)631~639
[28]洛奇.丘陵地形大气污染物输移扩散风洞实验[D].天津大学机械工程学院硕士学位论文.2008
[29] Nyuk Hien Wong, Sani Heryanto The study of active stack effect to enhance naturalventilation using wind tunnel and computational fluid dynamics(CFD) simulations[J], Energy and Buildings, 2004(36): 668-678
[30] Michael N.Rychago and Helmut Ermert. Cross-flow Visualization by Acoustic CT Mesurements[J].Ultrasoniscs, 1966,34:517-522
[31]刘辉,陈志坤.应用正则化方法重建锅炉二维温度场[J].冶金自动化,2007,增刊
[32] T.TheuS1, T.Moller, J.Hladuvka. Reconstruction Issues in Volume Visualization. Data Visualization, B.Hamann, and G-P.Bonneau,eds,pp. 109-126,2003
[33]张伯寅,桑建国,吴国昌.建筑群环境风场的特性及模拟[J].力学与实践.2004(3)
[34] S.Somarathne, M.Seymour, M.Kolokotroni, Dynamic thermal CFD simulation of a typical office by efficient transient solution methods[J], Building and Environment 40(2005)887-896
[35] Zhiqiang John Zhai , Qingyan Yan Chen . Sensitivity analysis and application guides for integrated building energy and CFD simulation[J]. Energy and Buildings 38 (2006) 1060–1068
[36] Ian Beausoleil-Morrison. The adaptive conflation of computational fluid dynamics with whole-building thermal simulation[J]. Energy and Buildings 34 (2002) 857–871
[37]费力群,董平.高等空气动力学电子版[M],第一版(修改版).哈尔滨工业大学发动机气动研究中心. 2002.3.1
[38] Jones A C, Launder D B .Lectures in mathematical models of turbulence[J]. London: Academic Press, 1972.358
[39] Patankar, S.V.传热与流体流动的数值方法[M],郭宽良译,安徽科技出版社,1984.
[40]汪国山,毛新青.电站凝汽器内流场和传热的准三维数值计算程序PPOC3.0的开发研究[J].动力工程,2001(5)1450~1458
[41]叶淑君,戴水汉.地下水流二维、准三维及三维模型模拟结果比较[J].水文地质工程地质,2003(5)23~27
[42]孙卫阳,王宗山.黄、渤海盐度准三维数值预报模式[J].海洋学报,1993(15)37~45
[43]李惠君.大气边界层特性的风洞模拟研究[D].浙江大学,2008
[44]刘欣.应用计算机模拟研究计算节能[J].宁夏科技,1998(2)27-28
[45]曹叔维.房间热过程和空调负荷[M].上海:上海科学技术文献出版社,1997.
[46]屈睿瑰.建筑热平衡模型及南昌市建筑能耗初步分析[D].华东交通大学,2007
[47]能耗监测系统及分项计量技术的应用于研究.季柳金[J],许锦峰,徐楠建筑节能2009,(8) 33
[48] Zhen Tian, James A.Love. Energy performance optimization of radiant slab cooling using building simulation and field measurements. Energy and Buildings[J], 2009.(41)320-330
[49] Haris Doukas, Christos Nychtis, John Psarras. Assessing energy-saving measurement in buildings through an intelligent decision support model. Build and Environment[J]. 2009.(44)290-298
[50]邹源.夏热冬暖地区居住建筑热工性能及能耗的模拟分析[D].西安建筑科技大学. 2004
[51]胡朝华,余鹏,罗运有.东莞市某政府机关办公建筑节能诊断[J].建筑监督检测与造价,2010(3)40-43
[52]徐明,朱庆春.风向风速测量设计[J].气象水文海洋仪器.2008,4
[53]陈明霞,陈燕萍等.风向风速传感器原理及故障排除[J].青海气象.2005
[54]张翼飞,孙以材等.基于压力传感器的风速风压测量系统与无线数据传输[J].传感器世界.2009,44~46
[55]张晓娟,王红兴等.谈地面观测中大风记录处理与编发报[J].现代农业科技.2010,58~62