超高层建筑风荷载数值模拟及试验研究
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摘要
随着科学技术的发展,土地需求的紧张,现代城市建筑的高度越来越高,建筑密度越来越大,以满足不断增长的人口对生活空间的需求。超高层建筑的修建同时也给结构的抗风设计带来了新的挑战,目前在规范上面没有具体给出超高层建筑的风荷载特性,要求对重要且体型复杂的建筑物和构筑物,应通过风洞试验确定其体型系数,用于实际结构设计[1]。同时,相邻建筑之间的干扰也对高层建筑风荷载特性产生很大的影响。本文以重庆天成大厦为研究背景,采用数值模拟和风洞试验相结合的方法,对超高层建筑的风荷载特性进行了研究,主要有以下几方面的工作:
(1)基于Fluent 6.2软件平台,对天成大厦进行合理建模和分析,得出设计中可参考的直观风压云图,通过对云图的分析,得出数值模拟的天成大厦表面风压分布规律,并根据模拟结果指导风洞试验。
(2)通过对天成大厦模型在模拟大气边界层风洞中的不同风向角下的风洞试验所得数据处理,分析了试验中结构在各种工况下的表面风压分布规律。
(3)为考虑天成大厦周围建筑对该建筑的风荷载特性的影响,在数值模拟以及风洞试验中分别模拟了仅含该建筑单体以及包含天成大厦周围500米范围内的环境建筑两种情况,通过对比两种情况下天成大厦表面风压分布特征,分析了环境建筑对超高层建筑的风荷载特性的影响。
(4)通过对风洞试验中天成大厦不同高度体型系数分析,研究了超高层建筑表面风压随建筑高度的变化规律。
With the development of science & technology and the shortage of land requirement, the height and the density of modern city structures are getting higher and more in order to meet the need of increasing population. Meanwhile, it also brings a new challenge to the construction of super-high buildings, especially the way of wind engineering design. There is no concrete prescript for the wind load characteristic of the Super-high buildings at the present criterion, but there is a requirement which determine the shape coefficient of the Super-high buildings from the wind tunnel tests. At the same time, the surrounding buildings also influence the buildings’shape coefficient. This paper is based on the method of numerical simulation and wind tunnel test to study the wind character of the Super-high buildings, and its background is Chongqing Tiancheng Building. Main works include these following aspects:
(1) Based on the software of Fluent 6.2, built the numerical model of Tiancheng Building and analyzed the model. Through analyzed the cloud picture of the building’s surface pressure distribution, got the disciplinarian of the surface pressure distribution on Tiancheng Building. This result can direct the wind tunnel test.
(2) Through analyzed the result of the wind tunnel test at different wind angle, got the disciplinarian of the building’s shape coefficient.
(3) In order to analyze the influence of the surrounding building to the wind character of Tiancheng Building, simulated two instances (only analyzed Tiancheng Building and analysed Tiancheng Building with the surrounding buildings which are not far away 500-meters from Tiancheng Building) in the numerical simulation and the wind tunnel test. Through compared the wind pressure character of the above two instance, analysed the influence of the surrounding buildings.
(4) Through analyzed the building’s shape coefficient from the wind tunnel test at different high of Tiancheng Building, studied the disciplinarian of the shape coefficient as the change of the building high.
(1)基于Fluent 6.2软件平台,对天成大厦进行合理建模和分析,得出设计中可参考的直观风压云图,通过对云图的分析,得出数值模拟的天成大厦表面风压分布规律,并根据模拟结果指导风洞试验。
(2)通过对天成大厦模型在模拟大气边界层风洞中的不同风向角下的风洞试验所得数据处理,分析了试验中结构在各种工况下的表面风压分布规律。
(3)为考虑天成大厦周围建筑对该建筑的风荷载特性的影响,在数值模拟以及风洞试验中分别模拟了仅含该建筑单体以及包含天成大厦周围500米范围内的环境建筑两种情况,通过对比两种情况下天成大厦表面风压分布特征,分析了环境建筑对超高层建筑的风荷载特性的影响。
(4)通过对风洞试验中天成大厦不同高度体型系数分析,研究了超高层建筑表面风压随建筑高度的变化规律。
With the development of science & technology and the shortage of land requirement, the height and the density of modern city structures are getting higher and more in order to meet the need of increasing population. Meanwhile, it also brings a new challenge to the construction of super-high buildings, especially the way of wind engineering design. There is no concrete prescript for the wind load characteristic of the Super-high buildings at the present criterion, but there is a requirement which determine the shape coefficient of the Super-high buildings from the wind tunnel tests. At the same time, the surrounding buildings also influence the buildings’shape coefficient. This paper is based on the method of numerical simulation and wind tunnel test to study the wind character of the Super-high buildings, and its background is Chongqing Tiancheng Building. Main works include these following aspects:
(1) Based on the software of Fluent 6.2, built the numerical model of Tiancheng Building and analyzed the model. Through analyzed the cloud picture of the building’s surface pressure distribution, got the disciplinarian of the surface pressure distribution on Tiancheng Building. This result can direct the wind tunnel test.
(2) Through analyzed the result of the wind tunnel test at different wind angle, got the disciplinarian of the building’s shape coefficient.
(3) In order to analyze the influence of the surrounding building to the wind character of Tiancheng Building, simulated two instances (only analyzed Tiancheng Building and analysed Tiancheng Building with the surrounding buildings which are not far away 500-meters from Tiancheng Building) in the numerical simulation and the wind tunnel test. Through compared the wind pressure character of the above two instance, analysed the influence of the surrounding buildings.
(4) Through analyzed the building’s shape coefficient from the wind tunnel test at different high of Tiancheng Building, studied the disciplinarian of the shape coefficient as the change of the building high.
引文
[1] GB5009-2001,建筑结构荷载规范(2006年版)[S].
[2]黄本才,汪丛军.结构抗风分析原理及应用(第二版)[M].上海:同济大学出版社, 2008.
[3] Armitt J. Wind loading on cooling towers[J]. J Struct Div ASCE, 1980, 106(ST3):623~641.
[4]重庆天成大厦风洞试验任务书[R].重庆英利房地产开发有限公司, 2009,3.
[5] Ye.Li. Numerical Evaluation of Wind-Induced Dispersion of Pollutants around Buildings[J]. PHD Thesis ,,Concordia University Montreal,,Quebec,,Canda,1998.
[6]顾明,杨伟,傅钦华.上海铁路南站屋盖结构平均风荷载的数值模拟[J].同济大学学报, 2004, 32(2):141~146.
[7]顾明,黄鹏,杨伟.上海铁路南站平均风荷载的风洞试验和数值模拟[J].建筑结构学报, 2004, 25(5):43~54.
[8] P.Panneer Stelvam. Computation of pressures on Texas Tech University building using large eddy simulation[J]. Wind Eng.Ind.Aerodyn,67&68(1997):647~657.
[9] G.K.Furnes. Numerical simulations of wind forces on Troll B[J]. Marine Structures,11(1998):273~289.
[10] M.TutarG..Oguz. Large eddy simulation of wind flow around parallel buildings with varing configuration[J]. Fluid Dynamics Research(1998):289~315.
[11]张敏,楼文娟等.群体高层建筑风荷载干扰效应的数值研究[J].工程力学, 2008, 25(1):179~185.
[12]晏致涛.大跨度中承式拱桥风致振动研究[D],重庆大学博士论文, 2006.
[13]中国空气动力研究中心.中国空气动力中心低速所部分风洞介绍[R], 2004.
[14]顾明,周印等.用高频动态天平方法研究金融大厦的动态风荷载和风振响应[J].建筑结构学报, 2000, 21(4):55~61.
[15]侯家建,李帧章,谢壮宁等.东莞第一国际项目连体双塔高层建筑的风荷载[J].建筑结构, 2007, 37(9):20~23.
[16]周俐俐.重庆英利大厦表面风压测量与分析[D].重庆大学硕士论文, 2006.
[17]李正良,杨建人,王国明,孙毅,魏奇科等.重庆天成大厦模型风洞试验与研究报告[R],重庆大学土木工程学院,重庆重庆英利房地产开发有限公司, 2009.
[18]王瑞金,张凯,王刚. Fluent技术基础与应用实例[M],清华大学出版社, 2007.
[19]马剑.群体建筑风环境的数值研究[D].浙江大学硕士论文, 2006.
[20]夏法宝.武汉国际证券大厦风洞试验研究[D].武汉大学硕士论文, 2004.
[21]王承启.复杂体型建筑风荷载数值模拟及试验研究[D].重庆大学硕士论文, 2006.
[22]李恒.建筑结构风效应风洞试验及数值模拟研究[D],浙江大学硕士论文, 2007.
[23] Davenport.A.G.. Past,present and future of wind engineering[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,2002,74-76:1371~1380.
[24] Gosman.A.D. Developments in CFD for industrial and environmental applications in wind engineering[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,1999,81:21~39.
[25]上海久事大厦风流场和风压分布数值模拟[J].建筑结构, 2005, 35(1):62~64.
[26]张相庭.工程抗风设计计算手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 1998.
[27]埃米尔·希缪,罗伯特·H·斯坎伦.风对结构的作用-风工程导论[M].刘尚培,项海帆等译.上海:同济大学出版社, 1992:22~63.
[28] Ning Lin, Chris Letchford. Characteristics of wind forces acting on tall buildings[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 1993(2005):217~242.
[29] A C Khanduri,T Stathopoulous,C Bedard. Wind-induced interference effects on buildings-a review of the state-of-the-art[J]. Engineering Structures,1998,20(7).
[30]黄鹏,顾明等.上海金茂大厦静风荷载研究[J].建筑结构学报, 1999,20(6):63~68.
[31]沈国辉,孙炳楠,楼文娟.复杂体型高层建筑单体和双塔时的风荷载[J].浙江大学学报, 2005, 39(8):1229~1233.
[32]楼文娟,李恒等.典型体型高层建筑双层幕墙风压分布试验[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报, 2008, 40(2):296~301.
[33]陈德江,石碧青,谢壮宁.某高层建筑风环境风洞试验研究[J].汕头大学学报, 2002, 17(1):74~80.
[34]谢壮宁,洪海波,李神云.超高层建筑间的干扰效应:建筑外形的影响及干扰因子分布的相关特性[J].建筑结构学报,2008, 29(2):13~18.
[35]杨洁,涂光备,张旭.干扰效应对高层住宅建筑风压差系数的影响[J].同济大学学报,2004,32(11):1442~1446.
[36] Taniike Y.Inerference mechanism for enhanced wind forces on neighbouring tall buildings[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 1992,41(44):1073~1083.
[37] Siniu E, Scanlan R H. Wind effects on structures:fundamentals and applications to design[M]. New York:John Wiley and Sons Inc,1996.
[38]燕辉.复杂体型高层建筑风荷载及风振响应研究[D].浙江大学博士论文. .
[2]黄本才,汪丛军.结构抗风分析原理及应用(第二版)[M].上海:同济大学出版社, 2008.
[3] Armitt J. Wind loading on cooling towers[J]. J Struct Div ASCE, 1980, 106(ST3):623~641.
[4]重庆天成大厦风洞试验任务书[R].重庆英利房地产开发有限公司, 2009,3.
[5] Ye.Li. Numerical Evaluation of Wind-Induced Dispersion of Pollutants around Buildings[J]. PHD Thesis ,,Concordia University Montreal,,Quebec,,Canda,1998.
[6]顾明,杨伟,傅钦华.上海铁路南站屋盖结构平均风荷载的数值模拟[J].同济大学学报, 2004, 32(2):141~146.
[7]顾明,黄鹏,杨伟.上海铁路南站平均风荷载的风洞试验和数值模拟[J].建筑结构学报, 2004, 25(5):43~54.
[8] P.Panneer Stelvam. Computation of pressures on Texas Tech University building using large eddy simulation[J]. Wind Eng.Ind.Aerodyn,67&68(1997):647~657.
[9] G.K.Furnes. Numerical simulations of wind forces on Troll B[J]. Marine Structures,11(1998):273~289.
[10] M.TutarG..Oguz. Large eddy simulation of wind flow around parallel buildings with varing configuration[J]. Fluid Dynamics Research(1998):289~315.
[11]张敏,楼文娟等.群体高层建筑风荷载干扰效应的数值研究[J].工程力学, 2008, 25(1):179~185.
[12]晏致涛.大跨度中承式拱桥风致振动研究[D],重庆大学博士论文, 2006.
[13]中国空气动力研究中心.中国空气动力中心低速所部分风洞介绍[R], 2004.
[14]顾明,周印等.用高频动态天平方法研究金融大厦的动态风荷载和风振响应[J].建筑结构学报, 2000, 21(4):55~61.
[15]侯家建,李帧章,谢壮宁等.东莞第一国际项目连体双塔高层建筑的风荷载[J].建筑结构, 2007, 37(9):20~23.
[16]周俐俐.重庆英利大厦表面风压测量与分析[D].重庆大学硕士论文, 2006.
[17]李正良,杨建人,王国明,孙毅,魏奇科等.重庆天成大厦模型风洞试验与研究报告[R],重庆大学土木工程学院,重庆重庆英利房地产开发有限公司, 2009.
[18]王瑞金,张凯,王刚. Fluent技术基础与应用实例[M],清华大学出版社, 2007.
[19]马剑.群体建筑风环境的数值研究[D].浙江大学硕士论文, 2006.
[20]夏法宝.武汉国际证券大厦风洞试验研究[D].武汉大学硕士论文, 2004.
[21]王承启.复杂体型建筑风荷载数值模拟及试验研究[D].重庆大学硕士论文, 2006.
[22]李恒.建筑结构风效应风洞试验及数值模拟研究[D],浙江大学硕士论文, 2007.
[23] Davenport.A.G.. Past,present and future of wind engineering[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,2002,74-76:1371~1380.
[24] Gosman.A.D. Developments in CFD for industrial and environmental applications in wind engineering[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,1999,81:21~39.
[25]上海久事大厦风流场和风压分布数值模拟[J].建筑结构, 2005, 35(1):62~64.
[26]张相庭.工程抗风设计计算手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 1998.
[27]埃米尔·希缪,罗伯特·H·斯坎伦.风对结构的作用-风工程导论[M].刘尚培,项海帆等译.上海:同济大学出版社, 1992:22~63.
[28] Ning Lin, Chris Letchford. Characteristics of wind forces acting on tall buildings[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 1993(2005):217~242.
[29] A C Khanduri,T Stathopoulous,C Bedard. Wind-induced interference effects on buildings-a review of the state-of-the-art[J]. Engineering Structures,1998,20(7).
[30]黄鹏,顾明等.上海金茂大厦静风荷载研究[J].建筑结构学报, 1999,20(6):63~68.
[31]沈国辉,孙炳楠,楼文娟.复杂体型高层建筑单体和双塔时的风荷载[J].浙江大学学报, 2005, 39(8):1229~1233.
[32]楼文娟,李恒等.典型体型高层建筑双层幕墙风压分布试验[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报, 2008, 40(2):296~301.
[33]陈德江,石碧青,谢壮宁.某高层建筑风环境风洞试验研究[J].汕头大学学报, 2002, 17(1):74~80.
[34]谢壮宁,洪海波,李神云.超高层建筑间的干扰效应:建筑外形的影响及干扰因子分布的相关特性[J].建筑结构学报,2008, 29(2):13~18.
[35]杨洁,涂光备,张旭.干扰效应对高层住宅建筑风压差系数的影响[J].同济大学学报,2004,32(11):1442~1446.
[36] Taniike Y.Inerference mechanism for enhanced wind forces on neighbouring tall buildings[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 1992,41(44):1073~1083.
[37] Siniu E, Scanlan R H. Wind effects on structures:fundamentals and applications to design[M]. New York:John Wiley and Sons Inc,1996.
[38]燕辉.复杂体型高层建筑风荷载及风振响应研究[D].浙江大学博士论文. .