既有预应力混凝土桥梁结构可靠度与寿命预测研究
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摘要
预应力混凝土桥梁投入使用一段时间后,由于结构材料的自然老化、车辆荷载的不断增加、日益恶化的环境影响以及使用养护不当,相当一部分桥梁不可避免地出现各种各样的结构损伤和缺陷,大量既有桥梁承载能力不足、老化、破损已经成为国内外十分关注的课题。
本文针对既有预应力混凝土桥梁结构的特点,在总结已有研究成果的基础上,分别对承载能力和正常使用两种极限状态的可靠度及寿命预测问题进行了深入的研究,主要工作内容包括以下几个方面：
1、预应力混凝土桥梁结构时不变可靠度分析研究
根据我国现行的桥梁设计规范,分别定义了预应力混凝土桥梁结构的承载能力极限状态和正常使用极限状态方程,结合现有文献中的统计参数,将作用效应、材料特性和相应的几何参数均视为随机变量,采用可靠度分析的一次二阶矩方法(FORM法),以中华人民共和国交通行业公路桥梁通用图中的预应力混凝土简支T梁桥为例,分别计算了多种跨径的预应力混凝土简支梁抗弯承载能力可靠度指标和构件正截面抗裂可靠度指标,揭示并分析比较了按现行规范设计的预应力混凝土简支梁桥的可靠度水平。
2、既有预应力混凝土桥梁结构的广义抗力弱化模型研究
讨论预应力混凝土结构广义抗力退化模型,总结了现有文献中有关混凝土结构承载力弱化模型和统计参数,以氯离子对混凝土结构的侵蚀破坏为主,重点分析了氯离子在混凝土中扩散的重要影响因素以及各自的概率统计特性,在此基础上,研究了锈蚀钢筋混凝土强度预测模型和锈蚀钢筋截面面积退化特性,针对钢筋锈蚀的两种形态,分别给出了均匀锈蚀和局部锈蚀预应力混凝土承载能力极限状态和正常使用极限状态的时变抗力计算模型。
3、既有预应力混凝土桥梁结构承载能力时变可靠度研究
建立了现有预应力混凝土桥梁抗弯承载能力的时变可靠度计算模型,讨论了结构时变可靠度的计算方法,编制了可靠度计算实用分析程序,计算了时变可靠度指标,以多座预应力混凝土简支T梁桥作为实例,在考虑其抗力时变特性的理论基础上,研究承载能力可靠度的衰减规律,从而较为真实地揭示了预应力混凝土简支梁桥生命线结构构件的时变可靠度指标和任意时段可靠度指标。
4、既有预应力混凝土桥梁结构正常使用极限状态时变可靠度分析
建立了预应力混凝土简支梁桥正常使用极限状态可靠度计算的极限状态方程,首先计算了预应力混凝土简支梁抗裂和挠度的时不变可靠度指标,在考虑多种桥梁结构抗力退化模型的基础上,进一步给出了既有预应力混凝土梁桥的时变可靠度计算方法,采用了一次二阶矩方法(FORM法)和蒙特卡洛方法(Monte Carlo法)的计算原理,利用C++编制了可靠度计算程序,研究了考虑抗力退化的多座预应力混凝土简支梁的正常使用极限状态的时变可靠度问题。
5、基于时变可靠度理论的既有预应力混凝土桥梁结构剩余寿命预测研究
通过对预应力混凝土简支梁桥结构构件设计可靠度指标的校核计算、临界可靠指标的定义以及考虑构件抗力退化的时变可靠度指标的分析研究,提出了基于时变可靠度理论的既有预应力混凝土桥梁结构的承载能力剩余寿命评估准则和正常使用寿命评估准则,以公路桥涵标准图(JT/GQS 024-83)中的预应力混凝土简支梁桥为例,基于时变可靠度理论,研究了预应力混凝土简支梁桥全寿命预测分析方法。
Due to the aging of structural materials, increasing vehicle load, increasingly worse environment influence, and the maintenance cost shortage, a wide variety of structural damage and deficiency appear inevitable in considerable parts of prestressed concrete bridges after the prestressed concrete bridges have been completed and used in certain period, and the load bearing capacity deceases, performance deteriorates, durability is reduced. All these become the focus attention topic all over the world.
The dissertation aims at the characteristics of existing prestressed concrete bridges structures, based on the research results in the past. The reliability and remaining service life prediction of existing prestressed concrete bridges are investigated for both the strength limit state and service limit state. The main work is as follows.
1. Time invariant reliability analysis of existing prestressed concrete bridges.
The strength and service limit state equations of reliability analysis are derived by strictly adhering to the load and capacity formulas and requirements set forth in Chinese highway bridge design specifications. Actions, geometrical parameters and material characteristics are all taken as random variables. Through integrating first order reliability method (FORM), the reliability indices at the strength limit state for flexural capacity and the service limit state for flexural cracking of a typical simply supported prestressed concrete beam widely used in Chinese highway are calculated.
2. The deteriorate model of resistance analysis of existing prestressed concrete bridges.
After discussing the deteriorate model of resistance of existing prestressed concrete bridges, summarizing the statistics parameters and strength resistance models in many parts of research references, special emphasis is placed on the chloride induced reinforcement corrosion penetration modeling in prestressed concrete bridges and the chloride concentration at the concrete surface, the threshold concentration for steel corrosion. The diffusion coefficient and the corrosion rate are considered based on Fick's second law of diffusion. The time-varying model of reinforcement strength and area is founded by means of dealing with deterioration of reinforcement strength and area due to corrosion, and the probabilistic model of resistance for the simply supported prestressed concrete beam is established both general corrosion and pitting corrosion.
3. Time dependent reliability analysis of flexural capacity of existing prestressed concrete bridges.
A probabilistic model of time resistance for the strength limit state for flexural capacity is established. After discussing the time dependent reliability analysis methods, the program coded by C++is used to calculate the time-variant reliability index of flexural capacity is established too, based on the time-variant characteristics of many existing prestressed concrete bridges and analysis the deficiency of time dependent reliability index, simulated the lifetime reliability index of existing prestressed concrete bridges.
4. Time dependent reliability analysis of service limits state for existing prestressed concrete bridges.
Prestressed concrete bridges are typically designed to ensure that the initial and final stress at service load conditions are within the allowable limit, while the strength flexural capacity of section is checked later. Usually the service limit state governs the design of prestressed bridge girders, and the research work in reliability of service limit state for existing prestressed bridge are so important. In first, the time dependent reliability analysis of service limit state function for cracking and deflection is established, then through integrating first order reliability method (FORM) and Monte Carlo methods, the program composition with C++is used to calculate the time-invariant reliability index and time dependent reliability index of flexural cracking and deflection for prestressed bridge. At last, the time dependent reliability for service limit state of existing prestressed bridges based on many kinds of resistance degradation functions are analyzed.
5. The remaining service life forecast of existing prestressed concrete bridges based on time dependent reliability theory
Through calibrate the design reliability index, definition the safety reliability index and calculate the time dependent reliability index of existing prestressed concrete bridges, the rules of the residual strength and service life in existing prestressed concrete bridges are received, based on this rule and the inspection of prefabricated prestressed concrete simply supported beams, the work of paper is proved and technique of forecast remaining service life at the lifetime in existing prestressed concrete bridges are come true.
本文针对既有预应力混凝土桥梁结构的特点,在总结已有研究成果的基础上,分别对承载能力和正常使用两种极限状态的可靠度及寿命预测问题进行了深入的研究,主要工作内容包括以下几个方面：
1、预应力混凝土桥梁结构时不变可靠度分析研究
根据我国现行的桥梁设计规范,分别定义了预应力混凝土桥梁结构的承载能力极限状态和正常使用极限状态方程,结合现有文献中的统计参数,将作用效应、材料特性和相应的几何参数均视为随机变量,采用可靠度分析的一次二阶矩方法(FORM法),以中华人民共和国交通行业公路桥梁通用图中的预应力混凝土简支T梁桥为例,分别计算了多种跨径的预应力混凝土简支梁抗弯承载能力可靠度指标和构件正截面抗裂可靠度指标,揭示并分析比较了按现行规范设计的预应力混凝土简支梁桥的可靠度水平。
2、既有预应力混凝土桥梁结构的广义抗力弱化模型研究
讨论预应力混凝土结构广义抗力退化模型,总结了现有文献中有关混凝土结构承载力弱化模型和统计参数,以氯离子对混凝土结构的侵蚀破坏为主,重点分析了氯离子在混凝土中扩散的重要影响因素以及各自的概率统计特性,在此基础上,研究了锈蚀钢筋混凝土强度预测模型和锈蚀钢筋截面面积退化特性,针对钢筋锈蚀的两种形态,分别给出了均匀锈蚀和局部锈蚀预应力混凝土承载能力极限状态和正常使用极限状态的时变抗力计算模型。
3、既有预应力混凝土桥梁结构承载能力时变可靠度研究
建立了现有预应力混凝土桥梁抗弯承载能力的时变可靠度计算模型,讨论了结构时变可靠度的计算方法,编制了可靠度计算实用分析程序,计算了时变可靠度指标,以多座预应力混凝土简支T梁桥作为实例,在考虑其抗力时变特性的理论基础上,研究承载能力可靠度的衰减规律,从而较为真实地揭示了预应力混凝土简支梁桥生命线结构构件的时变可靠度指标和任意时段可靠度指标。
4、既有预应力混凝土桥梁结构正常使用极限状态时变可靠度分析
建立了预应力混凝土简支梁桥正常使用极限状态可靠度计算的极限状态方程,首先计算了预应力混凝土简支梁抗裂和挠度的时不变可靠度指标,在考虑多种桥梁结构抗力退化模型的基础上,进一步给出了既有预应力混凝土梁桥的时变可靠度计算方法,采用了一次二阶矩方法(FORM法)和蒙特卡洛方法(Monte Carlo法)的计算原理,利用C++编制了可靠度计算程序,研究了考虑抗力退化的多座预应力混凝土简支梁的正常使用极限状态的时变可靠度问题。
5、基于时变可靠度理论的既有预应力混凝土桥梁结构剩余寿命预测研究
通过对预应力混凝土简支梁桥结构构件设计可靠度指标的校核计算、临界可靠指标的定义以及考虑构件抗力退化的时变可靠度指标的分析研究,提出了基于时变可靠度理论的既有预应力混凝土桥梁结构的承载能力剩余寿命评估准则和正常使用寿命评估准则,以公路桥涵标准图(JT/GQS 024-83)中的预应力混凝土简支梁桥为例,基于时变可靠度理论,研究了预应力混凝土简支梁桥全寿命预测分析方法。
Due to the aging of structural materials, increasing vehicle load, increasingly worse environment influence, and the maintenance cost shortage, a wide variety of structural damage and deficiency appear inevitable in considerable parts of prestressed concrete bridges after the prestressed concrete bridges have been completed and used in certain period, and the load bearing capacity deceases, performance deteriorates, durability is reduced. All these become the focus attention topic all over the world.
The dissertation aims at the characteristics of existing prestressed concrete bridges structures, based on the research results in the past. The reliability and remaining service life prediction of existing prestressed concrete bridges are investigated for both the strength limit state and service limit state. The main work is as follows.
1. Time invariant reliability analysis of existing prestressed concrete bridges.
The strength and service limit state equations of reliability analysis are derived by strictly adhering to the load and capacity formulas and requirements set forth in Chinese highway bridge design specifications. Actions, geometrical parameters and material characteristics are all taken as random variables. Through integrating first order reliability method (FORM), the reliability indices at the strength limit state for flexural capacity and the service limit state for flexural cracking of a typical simply supported prestressed concrete beam widely used in Chinese highway are calculated.
2. The deteriorate model of resistance analysis of existing prestressed concrete bridges.
After discussing the deteriorate model of resistance of existing prestressed concrete bridges, summarizing the statistics parameters and strength resistance models in many parts of research references, special emphasis is placed on the chloride induced reinforcement corrosion penetration modeling in prestressed concrete bridges and the chloride concentration at the concrete surface, the threshold concentration for steel corrosion. The diffusion coefficient and the corrosion rate are considered based on Fick's second law of diffusion. The time-varying model of reinforcement strength and area is founded by means of dealing with deterioration of reinforcement strength and area due to corrosion, and the probabilistic model of resistance for the simply supported prestressed concrete beam is established both general corrosion and pitting corrosion.
3. Time dependent reliability analysis of flexural capacity of existing prestressed concrete bridges.
A probabilistic model of time resistance for the strength limit state for flexural capacity is established. After discussing the time dependent reliability analysis methods, the program coded by C++is used to calculate the time-variant reliability index of flexural capacity is established too, based on the time-variant characteristics of many existing prestressed concrete bridges and analysis the deficiency of time dependent reliability index, simulated the lifetime reliability index of existing prestressed concrete bridges.
4. Time dependent reliability analysis of service limits state for existing prestressed concrete bridges.
Prestressed concrete bridges are typically designed to ensure that the initial and final stress at service load conditions are within the allowable limit, while the strength flexural capacity of section is checked later. Usually the service limit state governs the design of prestressed bridge girders, and the research work in reliability of service limit state for existing prestressed bridge are so important. In first, the time dependent reliability analysis of service limit state function for cracking and deflection is established, then through integrating first order reliability method (FORM) and Monte Carlo methods, the program composition with C++is used to calculate the time-invariant reliability index and time dependent reliability index of flexural cracking and deflection for prestressed bridge. At last, the time dependent reliability for service limit state of existing prestressed bridges based on many kinds of resistance degradation functions are analyzed.
5. The remaining service life forecast of existing prestressed concrete bridges based on time dependent reliability theory
Through calibrate the design reliability index, definition the safety reliability index and calculate the time dependent reliability index of existing prestressed concrete bridges, the rules of the residual strength and service life in existing prestressed concrete bridges are received, based on this rule and the inspection of prefabricated prestressed concrete simply supported beams, the work of paper is proved and technique of forecast remaining service life at the lifetime in existing prestressed concrete bridges are come true.
引文
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