B超技术和X线平片检查对犬胃内不同性质异物诊断价值的比较研究
摘要
本试验利用B超诊断仪和X线机对犬胃内10种异物病例进行超声探查和X线平片的拍摄观察，并对犬胃内大小、形状、密度不同的异物(如棉花团、塑料袋、乒乓球、木块、电池、实心塑料球、骨头块、石块、玻璃塞、金属管等)的诊断效果进行了归类、比较和分析。结果显示，X线平片检查能够清晰、直观地显示胃内高密度异物(金属管、电池等)，并且能够对其准确地定位；但对于胃内低密度异物(棉线团、塑料袋等)的显像效果不明显，甚至观察不到胃内异物的存在；胃内中等密度的异物(木块、实心塑料球)虽然能够通过X线显示，但其轮廓不十分清晰。B超对高、中和低密度异物都有一定的诊断价值，但对异物的性质不能辨别。胃内高密度异物(金属管、电池)由于与周围组织、胃内容物的密度和质地相差较大，声阻抗差较大，能够形成较强的声学界面，因而能够在异物表面形成较强的回声界面；胃内中密度异物(木块、实心塑料球)与周围组织、胃内容物的密度差较小，形成的声学界面较弱，回声较低；但由于这些物质结构均一，而超声又能够穿透这些物质，因而能够显示这类物体的外形轮廓。胃内低密度异物(棉线团、塑料袋)由于其内含许多微小气泡和液体，当超声穿透胃壁后大部分声波被反射，因此也能够产生较强的回声。
结果表明，B超对犬的各种胃内异物的诊断都具有一定的价值，其中对胃内低密度的塑料袋、棉花团的效果比X线平片检查的效果要明显，但不能显示胃内高密度异物的形状。对于中高密度的胃内异物，X线平片检查效果优于B超技术，并且对这些异物能够准确地定位。
Ten different physical characteristic foreign bodies in canine stomach were checked with B-mode ultrasound and normal X-ray technology so as to evaluate their diagnostic values. The foreign bodies were different in size, shape and density (for example, cotton, plastic bag, ping-pong, wood block, battery, solid plastic ball, bone, stone, glass plug and metal pipe). The results indicated that radiograph could clearly show high-density foreign bodies with their shape, size, character and location, but couldn't obviously show low-density and middle-density foreign bodies. Ultrasonograph could show all of the different foreign bodies in canine stomach, but couldn't show their character. High-density foreign bodies greatly different from gastric tissue and the feed in stomach, could form lively acoustics interface. Low-density foreign bodies within much micro-air bubbles inside could form strong echograph.
According to this research, the diagnostic values of B-mode ultrasound to low density foreign bodies (the cotton, the plastic bag) in canine stomach were better than normal X-ray's, but the diagnostic values of normal X-ray technology were better than ultrasound to high density foreign bodies in canine stomach.
结果表明，B超对犬的各种胃内异物的诊断都具有一定的价值，其中对胃内低密度的塑料袋、棉花团的效果比X线平片检查的效果要明显，但不能显示胃内高密度异物的形状。对于中高密度的胃内异物，X线平片检查效果优于B超技术，并且对这些异物能够准确地定位。
Ten different physical characteristic foreign bodies in canine stomach were checked with B-mode ultrasound and normal X-ray technology so as to evaluate their diagnostic values. The foreign bodies were different in size, shape and density (for example, cotton, plastic bag, ping-pong, wood block, battery, solid plastic ball, bone, stone, glass plug and metal pipe). The results indicated that radiograph could clearly show high-density foreign bodies with their shape, size, character and location, but couldn't obviously show low-density and middle-density foreign bodies. Ultrasonograph could show all of the different foreign bodies in canine stomach, but couldn't show their character. High-density foreign bodies greatly different from gastric tissue and the feed in stomach, could form lively acoustics interface. Low-density foreign bodies within much micro-air bubbles inside could form strong echograph.
According to this research, the diagnostic values of B-mode ultrasound to low density foreign bodies (the cotton, the plastic bag) in canine stomach were better than normal X-ray's, but the diagnostic values of normal X-ray technology were better than ultrasound to high density foreign bodies in canine stomach.
引文
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3．陈灿贤．实用放射学．北京：人民卫生出版社，1999，813-862
4．柴春彦，刘国艳，李文范．犬胆囊X线造影检查方法的研究．中国兽医科技，2000，3：1-7
5．董悦农，杨万莲．犬椎间盘突出症的X线诊断．当代畜牧，2003，4：1-6
6．宫卫东．胃癌诊断方法的综合评价及遗传性胃癌的特征分析．[硕士学位论文]．西安：第四军医大学西京医院肿瘤中心，2001
7．侯加法．小动物疾病学．北京：中国农业出版社，2002，193-194
8．何英，叶俊华．宠物医生手则．沈阳：辽宁科学技术出版社，2003，37-41
9．论士春，陈兆英．130例犬猫疾病B超诊断分析．中国兽医科技，1994，24(10)：39-40
10．卢正兴，论士春，陈兆英．超声断层扫描诊断仪(B超)在我国畜牧兽医事业上的应用前景．中国兽医杂志，1995，21(11)：53-54
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12．林德贵．兽医外科手术学．第四版．北京：中国农业出版社，2004，42-179
13．刘小峰，耿德良．X线分析与诊断．医用放射技术杂志，2004，24：87-90
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15．秦效苏，刘宏祥，贾维，刘云鹏，吴国清．犬胃内异物的X线诊断．中国兽医杂志，1991，17(11)：19-20
16．全炳昭，金伟．犬消化道异物性梗阻与损伤性疾病的临床研究．中国兽医杂志，2002，38(4)：34-35
17．祁吉．医学影像学的进展对临床医学的影响．中国CT和MRI杂志，2003，1(10)：1-5
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