中原油田石油污染土壤生物修复技术研究
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摘要
随着石油工业的迅速发展,土壤石油污染日益严重,但相应的治理技术相对落后。当前,石油污染土壤生物修复技术研究成为保障石油污染土地生态恢复重建的关键。为了给石油污染土壤生物修复提供技术支持和理论依据,课题针对石油污染土壤的现状以及石油污染土壤生物修复存在的主要问题,在污染生态学基础理论的指导下,以中原油田石油污染土壤和土著生物为研究对象开展石油污染土壤生物修复研究工作。
通过人工配制石油污染土壤盆栽试验研究石油污染土壤对植物种子发芽率、株高和鲜重的影响,筛选具有生物修复研究潜力的植物。以原油为唯一的碳源和营养从中原油田石油污染土壤中筛选石油降解微生物。通过人工石油污染土壤盆钵修复盆栽试验研究验证微生物、植物及植物——微生物组合的石油降解效果,并研究环境因素(土壤含水量、土壤含盐量、秸杆添加量等)对石油污染土壤生物修复的影响。利用中原油田石油污染土壤,通过原位修复盆钵模拟试验,考察狗牙根加微生物组合、棉花加微生物组合、狗牙根与棉花加微生物组合对环境的适应性及降解效果。研究取得的主要结果如下:
(1)向日葵、棉花、高丹草、狗牙根在0—45g/kg石油污染水平范围内发芽率、株高及鲜重受影响较小,能生长在石油污染的土壤上,并且它们对土壤中石油降解也具有一定的效果。其中狗牙根,生存能力强,是试验中的最具有修复土壤石油污染研究潜力的植物。
(2)从中原油田采油区石油污染土壤中获得的微生物对土壤石油污染具有显著修复效果的微生物,添加微生物120天后,石油去除率可达41.6%;自然条件下向日葵、狗牙根、棉花、高丹草均能与土著微生物共生进行土壤石油污染生物修复。其中,经过120天后,棉花与微生物群联合修复可以使石油降解率达到85.67%,超过它们单独修复的去除率之和,在四种组合中对污染土壤中石油的降解效果最好。
(3)环境因素对石油污染土壤生物修复有着重要影响。一般来说,随着土壤含盐量的增加,土壤石油污染生物降解速率减慢:有利于生物修复土壤中石油污染物的土壤相对湿度为60%—80%;土壤中秸杆添加量为20g/kg时生物对土壤中石油污染物的生物修复效果较好。同时,土壤良好的通气条件、将有利于生物活性的保持,加速石油的降解。
(4)在中原油田石油污染土壤原位生物修复模拟试验中,在120天的修复时间内,狗牙根与棉花加菌组合的石油降解率达到56.38%,是狗牙根加微生物组合、棉花加微生物组合组合、狗牙根与棉花加微生物组合中效果最好的一组。
With rapid development of petroleum industry, soil contaminated condition become more and moer serious.But the purification technology and bioremediation process can not match the environmental requirement. Currently,research on Bioremediation of petroleum contaminated soil become a key factor to ensure the rehabilitation of petroleum contaminated soil . In order to provide both theoretic parameters and practical techniques for phytoremediation of petroleum contaminated soil, According to the actual state of petroleum contaminated soil and main problems in bioremediation of petroleum contaminated soil, under guidance of the pollution ecology theory,Taking petroleum contaminated soil of Zhongyuan Oil Field、native plants and indigenous microorganisms as the research object, bioremediation of petroleum contaminated soil was was studied.
Studying the effect of artificial oil-contaminated soil on the germination and growth of plant seedling by the pot-planting experiment screen plants with experimental potential to phytoremediation.Taking petroleum as the unique Source of carbon and nutrition, the microorganisms which degradated the petroleum were screened from the petroleum contaminated soil which was collected from Zhongyuan oil field .petroleum and uncontamined Fluvo-aquic soil around Zhongyuan Oil Field are mixed together in different ratio to test oil degrading effects of microorganisms, plants and plants combined with microorganisms and study effects of environmental factors (total salt content, water content, straw etc.)on the bioremediation of petroleum contaminated soil by pot experiments.the in-situ remediation pot simulation experiment of petroleum contaminated soil which collected from Zhongyuan oil field was conducted to investigate environmental adaptability and oil degrading effects of microorganisms combined with cotton and Bermuda grass, microorganisms combined with cotton , microorganisms combined with Bermuda grass.The main results are as follows:
(1) The sprouting ratio, height and fresh weight of sunflower, cotton, Bermuda grass, sorghum sudanense have no significantly change with the concentrations of soil oil from 0 to 45 g/kg. They could grow on oil contaminated soil, and They can help to rehabilitate the polluted soil. Bermuda grass can be fit to grow on the crude oil-contaminated soils by itself, it is a plant with a biggest experimental potential to phytoremediation oil-contaminated in this experiment. (2) The micro-organism which can obviousiy rehabilitate the petroleum-polluted soil exist in oil contaminated soil of Oil Extraction Area of Zhongyuan Oil Field. They was added to the soil, 120 days later, 67.0% pollution was removed.The plants , such as sunflower, cotton, Bermuda grass, sorghum sudanense can naturally grow with native micro-organism to rehabilitate soil.The cotton combined with microorganisms got the best effect in four groups and the degradation rate of petroleum was 85.67% after 120d. more than the sum of their individual ability. (3) Environmental factors have important influence on Bioremediation of Petroleum Polluted Soil.Commonly,with the addition of salt in the soil, removed speed of petroleum slow down. The favorable soil moisture to Bioremediation of petroleum contaminated soil was 65 to 75 percent of field capacity.The optimum straw content in the soil was 20g/kg for the Bioremediation of petroleum contaminated soil. And meanwhile it is ecessary to keep soil under proper condition, suchas good ventilation. All these were helpful to accelerate the decomposition rate of pollutant. (4) In the simulation test of Bioremediation of Petroleum Polluted Soil in the Oil Extraction Area of Zhongyuan Oil Field, The microorganisms combined with cotton and Bermuda grass got the best effect in all the treatments and the degradation rate of petroleum was 56.38% after 120d.
通过人工配制石油污染土壤盆栽试验研究石油污染土壤对植物种子发芽率、株高和鲜重的影响,筛选具有生物修复研究潜力的植物。以原油为唯一的碳源和营养从中原油田石油污染土壤中筛选石油降解微生物。通过人工石油污染土壤盆钵修复盆栽试验研究验证微生物、植物及植物——微生物组合的石油降解效果,并研究环境因素(土壤含水量、土壤含盐量、秸杆添加量等)对石油污染土壤生物修复的影响。利用中原油田石油污染土壤,通过原位修复盆钵模拟试验,考察狗牙根加微生物组合、棉花加微生物组合、狗牙根与棉花加微生物组合对环境的适应性及降解效果。研究取得的主要结果如下:
(1)向日葵、棉花、高丹草、狗牙根在0—45g/kg石油污染水平范围内发芽率、株高及鲜重受影响较小,能生长在石油污染的土壤上,并且它们对土壤中石油降解也具有一定的效果。其中狗牙根,生存能力强,是试验中的最具有修复土壤石油污染研究潜力的植物。
(2)从中原油田采油区石油污染土壤中获得的微生物对土壤石油污染具有显著修复效果的微生物,添加微生物120天后,石油去除率可达41.6%;自然条件下向日葵、狗牙根、棉花、高丹草均能与土著微生物共生进行土壤石油污染生物修复。其中,经过120天后,棉花与微生物群联合修复可以使石油降解率达到85.67%,超过它们单独修复的去除率之和,在四种组合中对污染土壤中石油的降解效果最好。
(3)环境因素对石油污染土壤生物修复有着重要影响。一般来说,随着土壤含盐量的增加,土壤石油污染生物降解速率减慢:有利于生物修复土壤中石油污染物的土壤相对湿度为60%—80%;土壤中秸杆添加量为20g/kg时生物对土壤中石油污染物的生物修复效果较好。同时,土壤良好的通气条件、将有利于生物活性的保持,加速石油的降解。
(4)在中原油田石油污染土壤原位生物修复模拟试验中,在120天的修复时间内,狗牙根与棉花加菌组合的石油降解率达到56.38%,是狗牙根加微生物组合、棉花加微生物组合组合、狗牙根与棉花加微生物组合中效果最好的一组。
With rapid development of petroleum industry, soil contaminated condition become more and moer serious.But the purification technology and bioremediation process can not match the environmental requirement. Currently,research on Bioremediation of petroleum contaminated soil become a key factor to ensure the rehabilitation of petroleum contaminated soil . In order to provide both theoretic parameters and practical techniques for phytoremediation of petroleum contaminated soil, According to the actual state of petroleum contaminated soil and main problems in bioremediation of petroleum contaminated soil, under guidance of the pollution ecology theory,Taking petroleum contaminated soil of Zhongyuan Oil Field、native plants and indigenous microorganisms as the research object, bioremediation of petroleum contaminated soil was was studied.
Studying the effect of artificial oil-contaminated soil on the germination and growth of plant seedling by the pot-planting experiment screen plants with experimental potential to phytoremediation.Taking petroleum as the unique Source of carbon and nutrition, the microorganisms which degradated the petroleum were screened from the petroleum contaminated soil which was collected from Zhongyuan oil field .petroleum and uncontamined Fluvo-aquic soil around Zhongyuan Oil Field are mixed together in different ratio to test oil degrading effects of microorganisms, plants and plants combined with microorganisms and study effects of environmental factors (total salt content, water content, straw etc.)on the bioremediation of petroleum contaminated soil by pot experiments.the in-situ remediation pot simulation experiment of petroleum contaminated soil which collected from Zhongyuan oil field was conducted to investigate environmental adaptability and oil degrading effects of microorganisms combined with cotton and Bermuda grass, microorganisms combined with cotton , microorganisms combined with Bermuda grass.The main results are as follows:
(1) The sprouting ratio, height and fresh weight of sunflower, cotton, Bermuda grass, sorghum sudanense have no significantly change with the concentrations of soil oil from 0 to 45 g/kg. They could grow on oil contaminated soil, and They can help to rehabilitate the polluted soil. Bermuda grass can be fit to grow on the crude oil-contaminated soils by itself, it is a plant with a biggest experimental potential to phytoremediation oil-contaminated in this experiment. (2) The micro-organism which can obviousiy rehabilitate the petroleum-polluted soil exist in oil contaminated soil of Oil Extraction Area of Zhongyuan Oil Field. They was added to the soil, 120 days later, 67.0% pollution was removed.The plants , such as sunflower, cotton, Bermuda grass, sorghum sudanense can naturally grow with native micro-organism to rehabilitate soil.The cotton combined with microorganisms got the best effect in four groups and the degradation rate of petroleum was 85.67% after 120d. more than the sum of their individual ability. (3) Environmental factors have important influence on Bioremediation of Petroleum Polluted Soil.Commonly,with the addition of salt in the soil, removed speed of petroleum slow down. The favorable soil moisture to Bioremediation of petroleum contaminated soil was 65 to 75 percent of field capacity.The optimum straw content in the soil was 20g/kg for the Bioremediation of petroleum contaminated soil. And meanwhile it is ecessary to keep soil under proper condition, suchas good ventilation. All these were helpful to accelerate the decomposition rate of pollutant. (4) In the simulation test of Bioremediation of Petroleum Polluted Soil in the Oil Extraction Area of Zhongyuan Oil Field, The microorganisms combined with cotton and Bermuda grass got the best effect in all the treatments and the degradation rate of petroleum was 56.38% after 120d.
引文
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